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Condoleezza Rice

Condoleezza Rice (born November 14, 1954) is an American political scientist and diplomat who served as the 66th United States Secretary of State from 2005 to 2009 and as National Security Advisor from 2001 to 2005 in the administration of President George W. Bush.^[1]^[2] She was the first woman to hold the position of National Security Advisor and the first African-American woman to serve as Secretary of State.^[1] A specialist in Soviet and East European affairs, Rice shaped U.S. foreign policy during the end of the Cold War, German reunification, and the post-9/11 era, including efforts to promote democracy abroad and responses to global terrorism.^[3]^[4] Born in Birmingham, Alabama, during the civil rights era, Rice earned a bachelor's degree in political science, cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa, from the University of Denver, a master's from the University of Notre Dame, and a PhD from the University of Denver.^[2] She joined the faculty at Stanford University in 1981, rising to become its provost from 1993 to 1999, and served in the George H. W. Bush administration as Director of Soviet and East European Affairs in the National Security Council.^[5]^[3] In the George W. Bush administration, she advised on major initiatives such as the Iraq War and Middle East peace efforts, including negotiations facilitating Israel's withdrawal from Gaza.^[1]^[6] Rice's tenure involved contentious decisions, including reliance on intelligence assessments about weapons of mass destruction in Iraq that were later found to be inaccurate, contributing to debates over the war's justification and costs.^[7] Post-administration, she returned to Stanford as the Denning Professor in Global Business and the Economy and became the Tad and Dianne Taube Director of the Hoover Institution, continuing to influence public policy discourse on international relations and democracy.^[5]^[4]

Early Life and Education

Childhood in Birmingham

Condoleezza Rice was born on November 14, 1954, in Birmingham, Alabama, during the height of racial segregation under Jim Crow laws.^[8] ^[9] She was the only child of John Wesley Rice Jr., a Presbyterian minister who served as pastor of Westminster Presbyterian Church and worked as a guidance counselor, and Angelena Ray Rice, who taught English, science, music, and oratory in Birmingham's public schools.^[10] ^[11] The family lived in the predominantly black Titusville neighborhood, a middle-class area where her parents provided a structured environment emphasizing education, discipline, and self-reliance amid the surrounding threats of violence from white supremacists.^[12] Rice attended the segregated Center Street Elementary School, where her mother taught, and her early years were marked by her parents' insistence on academic excellence and protection from overt racism, though the city's nickname "Bombingham" reflected over 50 dynamite attacks on black homes and institutions between 1947 and 1965.^[12] ^[13] On September 15, 1963, when Rice was eight years old, members of the Ku Klux Klan detonated a bomb at the 16th Street Baptist Church, killing four black girls—Addie Mae Collins, Denise McNair, Carole Robertson, and Cynthia Wesley—who were preparing for youth choir practice.^[11] Rice, playing at her family's home just a few blocks away, felt the blast's shockwave and later learned that McNair, a playmate from her Sunday school class, was among the victims.^[14] ^[15] This event shattered the relative insulation her parents had maintained, prompting Rice to question the depth of racial hatred she encountered and contributing to her family's decision to prioritize vigilance; her father subsequently organized armed neighborhood watches for protection, carrying a gun himself during services.^[16] ^[17] The bombing, which injured 22 others and galvanized national support for civil rights legislation, underscored the pervasive danger in Birmingham, where police under Commissioner Eugene "Bull" Connor had used fire hoses and dogs against black protesters earlier that year.^[14] ^[18] Despite these perils, Rice's childhood in Birmingham was relatively sheltered by her parents' efforts, who focused on instilling confidence and achievement rather than defeatism, teaching her to outperform whites as a form of resilience.^[19] She developed early interests in reading, music, and figure skating, attending Westminster Presbyterian Church services and local schools until the family relocated to Denver, Colorado, in 1967 when her father accepted a position at the University of Denver.^[13] This period forged her worldview, blending awareness of systemic injustice with a emphasis on personal agency, as evidenced by her later reflections on the bombing's personal toll without descending into perpetual grievance.^[16]

Family Influences and Early Interests

Condoleezza Rice was born on November 14, 1954, in Birmingham, Alabama, as the only child of John Wesley Rice Jr., a Presbyterian minister, educator, and former football coach who later served as a high school guidance counselor, and Angelena Ray Rice, a high school teacher specializing in science, music, and oratory.^[9] Her parents, both deeply committed to education and personal achievement, instilled in her a strong emphasis on academic excellence and self-discipline amid the racial tensions of segregated Birmingham, where her father also directed a church youth group aimed at broadening children's exposure to the arts, culture, and intellectual pursuits.^[11]^[20] Rice's paternal grandfather, a former sharecropper named John Wesley Rice Sr., had prioritized education by attending Stillman College despite financial hardship, a value passed down through her family that reinforced the transformative power of learning.^[21] From an early age, Rice demonstrated exceptional precocity, learning to read by age five, skipping the first and seventh grades, and graduating from high school at fifteen, achievements her parents nurtured through rigorous expectations and enrollment in challenging courses.^[22] Her mother played a pivotal role in fostering her musical talents, beginning piano lessons at age three and encouraging performances that built her discipline and poise.^[10] Complementing this, Rice pursued French and Spanish lessons after school, alongside ballet and competitive figure skating, which she practiced during family summer trips to Denver, Colorado, developing skills that demanded physical rigor and perseverance.^[9]^[23] These pursuits, guided by her parents' belief in holistic development, shielded her from the era's overt violence—such as frequent bombings in their neighborhood—while equipping her with the resilience and breadth of interests that shaped her trajectory toward higher education and public service.^[24]^[25]

Undergraduate and Graduate Studies

Rice enrolled in the University of Denver at the age of 15 and completed her undergraduate studies there, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science in 1974 at age 19; she graduated cum laude and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa.^[4]^[1]^[26] Following her bachelor's degree, Rice pursued graduate education at the University of Notre Dame, where she received a Master of Arts in political science in 1975.^[1]^[3] She then returned to the University of Denver's Graduate School of International Studies to complete her doctorate.^[1] In 1979, while working toward her Ph.D., Rice studied Russian language at Moscow State University to deepen her expertise in Soviet affairs.^[10] She defended her dissertation in 1981, focusing on the Soviet Union's negotiating stance regarding intermediate-range nuclear forces in the context of détente; it was later published by Princeton University Press as Uncertain Allegiance: The Soviet Negotiating Position on Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces.^[6]^[27]

Academic Career

Stanford Faculty Appointment

In 1981, shortly after earning her PhD in political science from the University of Denver, Condoleezza Rice was appointed as an assistant professor of political science at Stanford University.^[28] This entry-level faculty position marked the start of her academic career, where she focused on international relations, particularly Soviet and East European studies, leveraging her dissertation on Soviet military force management in Czechoslovakia.^[1] Rice's hiring at age 26 reflected Stanford's recognition of her specialized expertise in arms control and deterrence theory, areas informed by her prior internships and fellowships, including time at the RAND Corporation.^[6] During her initial tenure as assistant professor from 1981 to 1987, Rice demonstrated strong teaching and scholarly contributions, earning two of Stanford's highest faculty honors: the 1984 Walter J. Gores Award for excellence in teaching and the School of Humanities and Sciences Outstanding Teaching Award.^[3] These accolades underscored her effectiveness in the classroom, where she taught courses on comparative politics and international security, drawing on empirical analyses of Soviet behavior rather than ideological narratives prevalent in some academic circles.^[29] Her research output during this period included publications on nuclear strategy and Eastern European politics, establishing her as a rising voice in realist international relations scholarship.^[5] Rice's appointment and early performance at Stanford occurred amid a broader institutional context of expanding political science programs focused on Cold War dynamics, where her data-driven approach to Soviet studies—emphasizing observable military deployments and doctrinal shifts—contrasted with more interpretive methods in parts of academia.^[4] By prioritizing verifiable indicators of state power over unsubstantiated assumptions, her work contributed to Stanford's reputation for rigorous, policy-relevant analysis.^[30]

Rise to Provost

Rice began her academic career at Stanford University in 1981 as an assistant professor of political science, shortly after earning her Ph.D. from the University of Denver.^[5] Her research focused on Soviet and Eastern European affairs, contributing to the Center for International Security and Arms Control, where she served as a member.^[3] During this period, she received two of Stanford's highest teaching honors, reflecting her effectiveness as an educator.^[4] She was promoted to associate professor in 1987 and achieved full professorship with tenure by 1993, advancing rapidly due to her specialized expertise in international relations amid the Cold War's end.^[31] From 1989 to 1991, Rice took leave from Stanford to serve on the National Security Council under President George H.W. Bush, directing Soviet and East European affairs.^[1] Upon returning to Stanford in 1991, she resumed her faculty role and engaged in administrative activities that positioned her for leadership.^[30] In May 1993, Stanford President Gerhard Casper appointed her provost, effective September 1, after being impressed by her during the selection process; at age 38, she became the university's youngest provost, as well as the first woman and first African American in the role.^[30] The position entailed oversight of academic programs and the budget as the chief academic officer.^[4]

Expertise in Soviet and Nuclear Affairs

Rice earned her PhD in political science from the University of Denver in 1981, with a dissertation titled "The Politics of Client Command: Party-Military Relations in Czechoslovakia, 1948-1975," which analyzed the Soviet Union's control mechanisms over allied militaries in Eastern Europe through party oversight and purges.^[32] This work underscored the tensions between ideological loyalty and professional autonomy in Soviet-influenced armed forces, drawing on declassified documents and interviews to reveal patterns of uncertain allegiance.^[33] She adapted and expanded her dissertation into the monograph The Soviet Union and the Czechoslovak Army, 1948-1983: Uncertain Allegiance, published by Princeton University Press in 1984, which detailed how Moscow maintained dominance over Prague's military via purges, doctrinal alignment, and operational dependencies, while Czech forces retained limited independence in non-strategic roles.^[34] The book highlighted case studies like the 1968 Prague Spring invasion, where Soviet intervention exposed vulnerabilities in client-state command structures.^[35] Complementing this, Rice published "The Party, the Military, and Decision Authority in the Soviet Union" in the journal World Politics in 1987, arguing that Soviet defense policy emerged from a division of labor where the Communist Party provided strategic guidance while deferring technical details to military experts, influencing outcomes in areas like force modernization.^[36] These publications positioned Rice as a leading scholar on Soviet civil-military relations, emphasizing empirical analysis of archival evidence over ideological narratives prevalent in some Western academia. Her focus on decision-making hierarchies extended to implications for superpower stability, as Soviet military autonomy in nuclear command-and-control systems affected deterrence credibility.^[37] Post-PhD, Rice secured a one-year fellowship at Stanford University's Center for International Security and Arms Control (CISAC) in 1980-1981—the first woman admitted—which facilitated her appointment as an assistant professor of political science in 1981.^[38] As a continuing member of CISAC and a senior fellow at Stanford's Institute for International Studies, she engaged in interdisciplinary research on arms control, nonproliferation, and strategic stability, institutions dedicated to analyzing nuclear risks amid Cold War tensions.^[3] This involvement deepened her expertise in nuclear affairs, bridging Soviet military doctrine with U.S. policy debates on treaties like START, where understanding Moscow's opaque command processes was essential for verifiable reductions.^[39] Rice lectured on arms control at Stanford, integrating her Soviet specialization with technical assessments of nuclear force postures and verification challenges.^[40] Her work critiqued overly optimistic views of Soviet compliance, prioritizing realist evaluations of incentives over détente-era assumptions.

Pre-Government Professional Roles

Private Sector Involvement

Prior to entering the George W. Bush administration, Condoleezza Rice held several corporate board positions that aligned with her academic expertise in international relations and energy policy. On May 8, 1991, Chevron Corporation appointed her to its board of directors, marking her as one of the company's first female directors at age 36.^[41] She served in this capacity until January 15, 2001, when she resigned to assume the role of National Security Advisor, chairing Chevron's public policy committee during her tenure.^[42] In 1993, Chevron named a 129,000-deadweight-ton supertanker the SS Condoleezza Rice in recognition of her contributions, though the vessel was renamed the SS Altus in May 2001 following her government appointment to mitigate conflict-of-interest concerns.^[42] Rice also joined the board of Transamerica Corporation in 1991, a financial services and insurance firm, contributing to oversight of its global operations.^[3] Concurrently, she served on the board of the Charles Schwab Corporation, a brokerage and investment firm, providing strategic guidance on international markets.^[3] These roles, held alongside her Stanford faculty position, compensated her with director fees and stock options typical for such appointments, though specific compensation details were not publicly disclosed at the time. Additionally, in 1992, Rice was elected to the Hewlett-Packard Company board of directors, leveraging her knowledge of technology and Soviet-era reforms amid the firm's expanding global supply chains.^[43] She resigned after approximately one year in 1993 upon her promotion to Stanford Provost, citing the demands of her new administrative duties as incompatible with board responsibilities.^[43] Her corporate engagements underscored intersections between her scholarly focus on energy geopolitics—particularly in post-Soviet regions—and private sector interests in emerging markets.

Early Political Advisory Positions

In 1986, while serving as an international affairs fellow with the Council on Foreign Relations, Condoleezza Rice acted as special assistant to the director of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, focusing on nuclear strategic planning.^[31] This role involved contributing expertise on arms control and Soviet military capabilities, drawing on her academic background in international relations.^[1] By 1987, she had expanded her advisory capacity to the Joint Chiefs of Staff more broadly, providing counsel on strategic military policy amid escalating U.S.-Soviet tensions during the Reagan administration's final years.^[1]^[44] Following her tenure on the National Security Council from 1989 to 1991, Rice returned to Stanford University but maintained involvement in political advisory circles through think tank affiliations, including as a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution.^[4] In 1998, she was recruited by then-Texas Governor George W. Bush to serve as a foreign policy advisor during his presidential campaign, leveraging her prior experience with Soviet affairs and national security.^[45] She coordinated an eight-member advisory group known as the Vulcans, which included figures like Paul Wolfowitz and Richard Armitage, and acted as Bush's primary tutor on international issues, helping to formulate campaign positions on Russia, China, and missile defense.^[46] This advisory work positioned her as a key architect of Bush's foreign policy platform, emphasizing realism and strength in dealings with authoritarian regimes.^[46]

National Security Advisor Tenure (2001–2005)

Pre-9/11 National Security Strategy

As National Security Advisor, Condoleezza Rice coordinated the Bush administration's initial review of national security policies, directing a comprehensive assessment of structures, threats, and capabilities launched on January 30, 2001. This effort, overseen through National Security Council principals meetings, prioritized military transformation to address 21st-century challenges, including the development of ballistic missile defenses to counter proliferation from rogue states like North Korea and Iran.^[47]^[48] The strategy emphasized engagement with great powers, particularly Russia and China, to manage competition and reduce nuclear arsenals unilaterally where feasible, moving beyond Cold War-era arms control treaties such as the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. Rice advocated for revising these agreements to enable U.S. missile defense systems, reflecting a view that mutual assured destruction was outdated and that active defenses were essential for deterrence. By June 2001, this approach facilitated President Bush's summit with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Slovenia, where discussions advanced arms reduction talks outside formal treaty constraints.^[49]^[50] Counterproliferation formed a core pillar, targeting state sponsors of weapons of mass destruction through strengthened export controls and intelligence sharing, rather than emphasizing non-state terrorist networks. While al-Qaeda threats were noted in early memos, such as Richard Clarke's January 25, 2001, assessment to Rice, terrorism ranked below state-centric risks in policy prioritization, with resources allocated primarily to missile defense and great-power diplomacy. This focus aligned with Bush's campaign promise of a "humble" foreign policy avoiding overcommitment to peripheral conflicts.^[51]^[52]^[49]

Post-9/11 War on Terrorism

Following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice coordinated the National Security Council's immediate response, elevating counterterrorism to the administration's top priority and focusing efforts on al-Qaeda and its Taliban hosts in Afghanistan.^[53] Rice participated in urgent strategy sessions at Camp David on September 15-16, 2001, alongside President George W. Bush, Vice President Dick Cheney, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, and other principals, where the decision crystallized to pursue military action against the Taliban unless they expelled al-Qaeda leaders, including Osama bin Laden.^[54] This led to the U.S. demand delivered to the Taliban on September 20, 2001, and the subsequent launch of Operation Enduring Freedom on October 7, 2001, initiating the invasion of Afghanistan with allied support to dismantle terrorist networks and remove the Taliban from power.^[55] Rice oversaw the integration of intelligence, military, and diplomatic elements into a cohesive counterterrorism framework, relying on the Counterterrorism Security Group—chaired by Richard Clarke—for interagency crisis management in the attacks' aftermath.^[56] The administration, under her advisory role, forged a global coalition involving over 136 countries that offered assistance, enabling operations that disrupted al-Qaeda's safe havens and captured or killed key figures, while emphasizing that the conflict constituted a long-term war against ideological extremism rather than a mere law enforcement issue.^[57] In public statements, Rice articulated that true victory required not only defeating terrorists militarily but addressing the conditions fostering their ideology, framing Afghanistan as the initial front in a broader campaign.^[58] During her April 8, 2004, testimony before the 9/11 Commission, Rice defended the post-9/11 pivot, noting that the attacks prompted a doctrinal shift to proactive defense, including military preemption against terrorist sponsors, which underpinned the Afghanistan operation's success in toppling the Taliban by December 2001 and establishing an interim government under Hamid Karzai.^[59] She highlighted early counterterrorism briefings received upon taking office and the administration's rapid mobilization, which prevented further domestic attacks during her tenure, though critics like Clarke argued for even swifter pre-invasion focus on al-Qaeda.^[53] Rice maintained that Afghanistan remained the immediate priority over other theaters initially, with U.S. forces prioritizing the destruction of al-Qaeda training camps and leadership, achieving the liberation of approximately 50 million people from Taliban rule by early 2002.^[60]

Iraq Policy Development

As National Security Advisor, Condoleezza Rice played a pivotal role in the Bush administration's war cabinet, which included President George W. Bush, Vice President Dick Cheney, Secretary of State Colin Powell, and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, deliberating Iraq policy in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks.^[50] Post-9/11 assessments prompted a policy pivot from the Clinton-era containment via sanctions and no-fly zones to prioritizing regime change, formalized as a core objective by late 2001.^[61] Rice coordinated National Security Council principals and deputies committees, facilitating interagency debates on intelligence indicating Iraq's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs and potential ties to terrorism, though operational al Qaeda links remained unproven at the time. In August 2002, amid internal reservations—particularly from Powell—Rice arranged a private two-hour meeting between Powell and Bush at his Texas ranch to discuss Iraq strategy, underscoring her function in bridging administration perspectives. She publicly advanced the case for preemptive action, warning on September 8, 2002, during a CNN interview that Iraq's pursuit of high-strength aluminum tubes suitable for nuclear centrifuges posed an unacceptable risk: "We don't want the smoking gun to be a mushroom cloud."^[62] This reflected administration concerns over Saddam Hussein's defiance of UN resolutions and concealment of dual-use materials, including efforts to acquire uranium and ballistic missile components. Rice contributed to shaping the September 2002 National Security Strategy of the United States, which codified a doctrine of preemptive strikes against gathering threats, explicitly applicable to rogue states like Iraq amassing WMD.^[63] On October 1, 2002, she defended this shift in a speech, emphasizing that traditional deterrence failed against unpredictable regimes and that historical precedents for preemption were limited but justified by post-9/11 realities, without overturning containment or deterrence entirely.^[63] The strategy underpinned congressional authorization for force against Iraq via the Iraq Resolution passed on October 16, 2002. By January 2003, as UN weapons inspectors under Resolution 1441 reported limited cooperation, Rice authored an op-ed titled "Why We Know Iraq is Lying," detailing discrepancies in Iraq's 12,200-page declaration—such as omissions of anthrax stocks, chemical warheads filled with sarin precursors, and plagiarized sections—contrasting this with voluntary disarmament by nations like South Africa and Ukraine.^[64] She argued Iraq's institutional obstructions and material movements evidenced intent to retain prohibited capabilities, urging compliance or facing consequences, as Saddam and his son Qusay directed concealment efforts.^[64] These arguments aligned with administration intelligence assessments, later critiqued for overreliance on flawed sources, though Rice maintained in subsequent reflections that prewar evaluations of Iraq's WMD ambitions were as robust as available data permitted.^[65] The policy culminated in the March 20, 2003 invasion, with Rice overseeing NSC coordination for Operation Iraqi Freedom, aimed at dismantling WMD infrastructure and toppling the regime; post-invasion searches yielded no active stockpiles but uncovered undeclared program elements, validating aspects of prewar suspicions while highlighting intelligence gaps.^[7] Rice's tenure thus marked the transition from deliberation to execution, embedding Iraq within the broader war on terrorism framework despite debates over causal links to 9/11.^[66]

Detainee Interrogation Policies

During her tenure as National Security Advisor, Condoleezza Rice played a central role in the White House Principals Committee's review and authorization of the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) enhanced interrogation techniques (EITs) for high-value al-Qaeda detainees captured after the September 11, 2001, attacks. These techniques, developed in response to intelligence gaps on potential follow-on plots, included waterboarding, prolonged sleep deprivation, stress positions, and the use of insects in confinement, and were first applied to Abu Zubaydah following his capture on March 28, 2002.^[67]^[68] The committee, comprising Rice, Vice President Dick Cheney, Attorney General John Ashcroft, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, and CIA Director George Tenet, convened in late July 2002 to evaluate CIA proposals after initial Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) analyses affirmed their lawfulness under U.S. anti-torture statutes.^[69]^[70] Rice provided verbal approval for waterboarding Abu Zubaydah in July 2002, prior to formal OLC memos dated August 1, 2002, which detailed the techniques' parameters and concluded they avoided severe physical or mental pain prohibited by law.^[69]^[68] This authorization extended to subsequent detainees, including Khalid Sheikh Mohammed in March 2003, where Tenet sought and received Principals Committee endorsement for EITs to elicit information on active threats.^[71] The approvals were predicated on CIA assurances of effectiveness in yielding actionable intelligence, such as details on al-Qaeda networks, though a 2014 Senate Select Committee report—approved on a 9-6 partisan vote and contested by Republicans for selective evidence—argued the program produced limited unique value while risking U.S. credibility.^[72]^[73] Rice consistently defended the policies as calibrated responses to an existential terrorist threat, emphasizing in 2008 that they complied with legal constraints and saved lives by disrupting plots, and in 2013 confirming President George W. Bush's direct involvement in vetting specific applications.^[74]^[75] She argued in 2009 that presidential authorization inherently aligned techniques with U.S. law, rejecting characterizations of them as torture absent evidence of intent to inflict prohibited harm.^[76]^[77] Critics, including human rights organizations, have alleged the methods constituted torture under international standards like the UN Convention Against Torture, but administration officials, including Rice, maintained they were non-torturous based on OLC interpretations distinguishing them from historical abuses.^[78] No criminal charges resulted from the program, with subsequent reviews like the 2009 Justice Department probe declining prosecution due to insufficient evidence of willful misconduct.^[79]

Secretary of State Tenure (2005–2009)

Transformational Diplomacy Initiative

As Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice introduced the Transformational Diplomacy initiative on January 18, 2006, during a speech at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.^[80] The policy sought to redefine American diplomatic efforts by emphasizing partnerships to foster democratic governance and capable states abroad, rather than traditional paternalistic aid or mere crisis management.^[80] Rice articulated the objective as working with international partners to build and sustain well-governed nations that address their citizens' needs and fulfill responsible roles in global affairs, integrating diplomacy with broader U.S. foreign assistance reforms announced the following day.^[80]^[81] The initiative prioritized repositioning U.S. diplomatic resources away from capitals and toward underserved regions and local communities to enhance engagement.^[80] This included reallocating 100 Foreign Service positions from Europe and Washington headquarters in the first year, with hundreds more over subsequent years to Africa, Asia, and the Near East.^[80] Structural changes encompassed establishing American Presence Posts in provincial areas, such as in Egypt and Indonesia, alongside Virtual Presence Posts for remote outreach, and creating Regional Public Diplomacy Centers in Europe and the Middle East.^[80] Career advancement for diplomats was tied to acquiring multi-regional expertise, proficiency in critical languages like Arabic and Chinese, and willingness to serve in challenging assignments.^[80] Implementation extended to interagency collaboration, including cross-training between the Foreign Service Institute and the National Defense University to better integrate diplomatic and military efforts in conflict zones like Afghanistan and Iraq.^[82] Rice advocated for a civilian reserve corps to support post-conflict stabilization and emphasized leveraging technology for efficient public diplomacy.^[80] In congressional testimony on February 15, 2006, she outlined these elements as elevating democracy promotion within countries, distinguishing the approach from prior diplomacy by prioritizing values-based engagement over relativism.^[83] Evaluations of outcomes varied; while State Department reports highlighted expanded presence and program dispersion as steps toward success, critics argued that the initiative's effectiveness was constrained by prior U.S. policy unilateralism and lacked robust metrics for assessing state-building impacts.^[80]^[84]^[85]

Middle East Peace Efforts

As Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice pursued renewed Israeli-Palestinian negotiations, emphasizing a two-state solution amid ongoing violence and political shifts, including Israel's 2005 Gaza disengagement and the 2006 Hamas electoral victory. She conducted multiple shuttle diplomacy trips to the region, facilitating trilateral meetings between Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, and U.S. officials to address security, borders, and economic aid.^[86]^[87] In early 2007, Rice hosted talks in Jerusalem that sought progress on checkpoints and movement restrictions but yielded no major breakthroughs due to mutual distrust and settlement activities.^[87] Rice's efforts intensified leading to the Annapolis Conference on November 27, 2007, the first high-level Middle East peace summit hosted on U.S. soil, co-convened by President George W. Bush with participation from over 40 countries, the Quartet (U.S., EU, UN, Russia), and regional leaders. At the conference, Olmert and Abbas committed to immediate bilateral negotiations toward a final-status agreement by the end of 2008, covering core issues like Jerusalem, refugees, and borders, with Rice delivering closing remarks underscoring the urgency of implementing prior Roadmap obligations.^[88]^[89] The event produced a joint understanding for sustained talks, supported by U.S. pledges for $5.6 billion in aid to Palestinians over five years to bolster institutions and counter extremism.^[90] Following Annapolis, Rice led follow-up diplomacy, including nine trilateral meetings in 2008 and pressure on Israel to halt settlement expansions, though violence in Gaza—such as Hamas rocket attacks and Israeli responses—hampered momentum. In March 2008, she shuttled between Ramallah and Jerusalem to revive talks stalled by a Jerusalem housing dispute, securing temporary concessions but no lasting accord.^[91] By late 2008, Rice asserted that the process had narrowed differences on principles like land swaps and security arrangements, despite failing to meet the deadline, attributing setbacks to Palestinian divisions and Israeli domestic politics rather than inherent U.S. policy flaws.^[92]^[93] The administration's initiative marked the most structured U.S.-backed negotiations in years, though critics noted limited enforcement mechanisms and the exclusion of Hamas, which controlled Gaza after 2007. No comprehensive peace treaty emerged before Rice's tenure ended in January 2009.^[94]

Relations with Russia and China

As Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice sought to maintain cooperative ties with Russia while pressing for adherence to democratic norms and resolving disputes over security architecture. In May 2005, she emphasized ongoing U.S. support for Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization and resolution of economic barriers, amid efforts to integrate Russia into global institutions.^[95] However, Rice voiced strong objections to proposed Russian legislation that would impose stringent registration and funding restrictions on nongovernmental organizations, warning in December 2005 that such measures threatened civil society and contradicted Russia's commitments under international agreements like the Helsinki Accords.^[96]^[97] Tensions escalated over U.S. plans for missile defense systems in Eastern Europe, which Russia viewed as provocative, and disagreements on Kosovo's independence in 2008. Rice's visit to Georgia on July 9, 2008, where she affirmed U.S. backing for Tbilisi's territorial integrity, preceded the August Russo-Georgian War by weeks, after which she condemned Russia's military response as disproportionate and aimed at regime change.^[98] In September 2008, addressing the deterioration in relations, Rice described the U.S. approach as treating Russia as an emerging partner rather than a defeated adversary, while supporting its political and financial integration into Euro-Atlantic structures, though she highlighted Moscow's authoritarian drift as a barrier to deeper cooperation.^[99] Efforts to stabilize ties included high-level meetings, such as Rice's April 20, 2005, encounter with President Vladimir Putin in Moscow, focusing on counterterrorism and energy security.^[100] In March 2008, alongside Defense Secretary Robert Gates, Rice engaged Putin and President-elect Dmitry Medvedev in Moscow, advocating for a new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty to replace the expiring START I agreement and discussing missile defense cooperation, though Russian objections persisted.^[101]^[102] With China, Rice prioritized economic dialogue to address trade imbalances and intellectual property issues, while cooperating on multilateral efforts like the Six-Party Talks on North Korea's nuclear program. During her March 21, 2005, visit to Beijing, she raised specific human rights cases and broader concerns about religious freedom and political dissent, urging China to fulfill its international obligations.^[103] In July 2005, Rice met Chinese Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing in Beijing to advance the U.S.-China Strategic Dialogue, established to manage economic frictions including currency valuation and market access.^[104] Rice warned in August 2005 that China's export-driven growth model required fundamental reforms, such as appreciating the yuan and reducing subsidies, to avoid global economic disruptions and comply with WTO rules.^[105] Despite these pressures, relations featured pragmatic collaboration; China participated actively in the Six-Party Talks, with Rice crediting Beijing's diplomatic leverage in pressuring Pyongyang, though progress stalled amid North Korean intransigence. U.S. concerns over China's military buildup and Taiwan Strait tensions persisted, with Rice affirming the U.S. commitment to a peaceful resolution under the "one China" policy while arming Taiwan defensively per the Taiwan Relations Act. Overall, Rice's approach balanced competition in strategic domains with interdependence in economics, viewing China as a responsible stakeholder in global stability rather than an outright adversary.

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Efforts

During her tenure as Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice emphasized multilateral diplomacy and sanctions to curb nuclear proliferation by states such as North Korea and Iran, while pursuing agreements to integrate non-NPT signatories like India into global non-proliferation norms.^[106] She supported the continuation of the Proliferation Security Initiative, which facilitated interdictions of illicit nuclear materials, and engaged with the International Atomic Energy Agency on innovative approaches to sensitive nuclear technologies, including fuel leasing to reduce proliferation risks.^[107] Rice's efforts yielded mixed results: Libya completed its dismantlement of nuclear assets inherited from the 2003 decision, enabling normalized relations, but North Korea conducted its first nuclear test in October 2006 shortly after a Six-Party Talks joint statement committing to denuclearization, and Iran persisted in uranium enrichment despite UN Security Council resolutions.^[108]^[109] In the Six-Party Talks involving the United States, China, Japan, Russia, South Korea, and North Korea, Rice advocated for verifiable dismantlement of Pyongyang's nuclear facilities as a prerequisite for aid and normalization, rejecting regime change as a policy goal following the 2006 test.^[109] The talks produced a February 2007 agreement under which North Korea disabled its Yongbyon reactor and declared facilities by June 2008, though verification stalled amid disputes over plutonium samples and additional uranium enrichment sites, leading to Rice's insistence on transparency during ministerial meetings in Singapore in July 2008.^[110] These steps temporarily froze aspects of North Korea's program but failed to achieve complete, irreversible dismantlement before Pyongyang's April 2009 test and withdrawal from talks.^[111] Rice described the process as requiring North Korea to "get serious" about abandoning its weapons program for potential economic rewards, framing it as a strategic choice rather than coercion.^[112] On Iran, Rice coordinated with European allies and the UN to impose escalating sanctions under resolutions beginning in December 2006, targeting Tehran's refusal to suspend uranium enrichment and comply with IAEA safeguards, which she characterized as a direct threat to regional security and the non-proliferation regime.^[106] In May 2006, she announced U.S. readiness for direct talks if Iran halted enrichment and reprocessing, a shift from prior isolation to incentivize compliance with incentives like access to civilian nuclear fuel cycles.^[113] Despite these overtures, Iran's program advanced, with Rice later stressing multilateral pressure—including financial restrictions—to isolate hardliners, though she acknowledged limits in compelling behavioral change without broader international unity.^[84] Rice's September 2008 visit to Libya marked the first by a U.S. secretary of state in 55 years, celebrating Tripoli's 2003-2004 renunciation of weapons of mass destruction, including the shipment of nuclear components abroad and IAEA verification of dismantlement.^[108] She certified Libya's $1.5 billion compensation for Lockerbie bombing victims, paving the way for full diplomatic restoration and removal from state sponsor of terrorism lists, presenting it as a model for coercive diplomacy's success in reversing proliferation.^[114] Concurrently, Rice advanced the U.S.-India Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement, signed on October 10, 2008, which separated India's civilian and military programs, allowed U.S. fuel and technology transfers for the former, and required India to place safeguards on new facilities—aimed at drawing the non-NPT nuclear power into the regime despite criticisms that it legitimized unsafeguarded weapons development.^[115] Proponents, including Rice, argued it strengthened global non-proliferation by fostering cooperation and countering China's influence, though arms control advocates contended it eroded NPT universality.^[116]^[117]

Post-Administration Activities

Return to Stanford and Hoover Institution Leadership

Upon completing her service as U.S. Secretary of State in January 2009, Condoleezza Rice returned to Stanford University as a professor of political science, resuming her academic career after a decade in high-level government positions.^[118] She simultaneously rejoined the Hoover Institution, Stanford's public policy think tank, as the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior Fellow on Public Policy, a role that built on her prior affiliations there dating back to the 1980s.^[119] In September 2010, Rice took on the position of Denning Professor in Global Business and the Economy at Stanford's Graduate School of Business, where she co-directed the Denning Family Center for Global Business and the Economy, focusing on integrating geopolitical analysis with economic decision-making in teaching and research.^[120] These roles enabled her to mentor students and faculty on international relations and strategic leadership, drawing from her experiences in Soviet studies and national security policy. On January 28, 2020, Stanford announced Rice's appointment as the Tad and Dianne Taube Director of the Hoover Institution, effective September 1, succeeding Thomas Gilligan after his seven-year tenure.^[121] In this capacity, she oversees the institution's research programs, fellowships, and initiatives on free markets, governance, and global security, emphasizing empirical policy analysis amid ongoing debates over institutional biases in academia toward progressive viewpoints.^[122] As of 2025, Rice continues in this directorship, maintaining her Stanford professorships while advancing Hoover's mission as a counterpoint to prevailing left-leaning narratives in higher education.^[18]

Authorship and Lectures

Following her tenure as Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice published Extraordinary, Ordinary People: A Memoir of Family in 2010, recounting her childhood in segregated Birmingham, Alabama, and the influence of her parents on her development.^[123] In 2011, she released No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington, a 784-page account of her roles as National Security Advisor and Secretary of State, including detailed narratives of post-9/11 decision-making and the Iraq War policy formulation.^[124] The memoir, published by Crown, topped bestseller lists and provided her perspective on Bush administration challenges, such as Hurricane Katrina response and global diplomacy.^[125] Rice co-authored Political Risk: How Businesses and Organizations Can Anticipate Global Insecurity with Amy B. Zegart in 2018, analyzing modern political risks from non-state actors like terrorists and hackers, and offering frameworks for corporate mitigation based on her governmental experience.^[126] Published by Twelve Books, it emphasized proactive assessment over traditional state-centric threats.^[127] In 2017, she authored Democracy: Stories from the Long Road to Freedom, drawing on historical cases from ancient Athens to post-apartheid South Africa to argue for democratic resilience amid contemporary setbacks.^[128] As a prominent lecturer, Rice has delivered speeches at universities and institutions post-2009, often addressing democracy, leadership, and U.S. foreign policy. At Southern Methodist University's 2012 commencement, she urged graduates to embrace service amid global uncertainties, highlighting education's role in empowerment.^[129] In a 2011 lecture titled "Why Democracy Matters," she discussed education and the American national myth in promoting empowerment abroad.^[130] She spoke at the Hoover Institution's 2023 retreat on civil rights and legal frameworks' impact, reflecting on her formative experiences.^[131] Rice's lectures, including appearances in the "A Time for Choosing" series in 2023, frequently underscore realism in international relations and the value of American exceptionalism grounded in institutions.^[132] Her talks at Stanford and the Hoover Institution, where she serves as director, integrate academic analysis with policy insights, attracting audiences on topics like national security and global order.^[4]

Sports Committee Roles and Coaching Speculation

In 2013, Condoleezza Rice was appointed to the College Football Playoff (CFP) Selection Committee, a 13-member panel tasked with ranking the top 25 FBS teams, selecting the four semifinalists, and assigning teams to New Year's Six bowls.^[133] She served through the 2016 season, with her term officially expiring in January 2017 alongside chair Kirby Hocutt and two others, during which she acted as conference liaison for the ACC and MAC in her final year, having previously handled the Big Ten and Big 12.^[134] As the committee's only woman, Rice drew on her lifelong affinity for football—rooted in her father John Rice's role as a Presbyterian minister and high school football and basketball coach in Birmingham, Alabama—to evaluate teams "with a coach's eye," emphasizing metrics like strength of schedule, head-to-head results, and performance against common opponents over subjective factors.^[135]^[136] Rice's committee tenure highlighted her football acumen, informed by childhood attendance at games and games of her father's teams, as well as adult engagement including brief engagement to former NFL player Rick Upchurch; she advocated for data-driven decisions amid criticisms of the process's transparency.^[137]^[138] Post-CFP, she maintained sports involvement through Stanford University, serving as a temporary special advisor to athletics director Bernard Muir during his 2023 transition and expressing intent to remain engaged in Cardinal athletics oversight.^[139] Speculation about Rice pursuing a coaching role emerged prominently in November 2018, when ESPN reporter Adam Schefter cited a source claiming the Cleveland Browns sought to interview her for their head coaching vacancy amid a search for an "outside-the-box" hire.^[140] The report fueled brief buzz given Rice's vocal fandom—she has worn a Browns jersey in NFL promotional ads and professed deep loyalty to the team—but was swiftly denied by the Browns' front office, which clarified no such interview was planned and emphasized hiring an "experienced coach."^[141]^[142] Rice herself dismissed the rumors on Facebook, stating her love for the Browns while affirming, "I know they will hire an experienced coach to take us to the next level," and reiterated in a 2021 "Monday Night Football" broadcast that she had "no intention" of coaching professionally.^[143]^[144] No further credible reports of coaching interest have surfaced, with Rice focusing instead on advisory and analytical roles in sports governance rather than on-field leadership.^[145]

Recent Commentary on Global Affairs (2010s–2025)

In the 2010s and 2020s, Condoleezza Rice has frequently commented on global affairs through speeches, interviews, op-eds, and her role at the Hoover Institution, advocating for robust U.S. leadership to counter authoritarian challenges while critiquing isolationist tendencies.^[146] In a 2024 Foreign Affairs article, she warned against U.S. withdrawal from international commitments, arguing that isolationism ignores the interconnected threats from revisionist powers and risks ceding influence to adversaries like Russia and China.^[147] She has emphasized that American power, grounded in alliances and deterrence, remains essential for maintaining a rules-based order, drawing from her realist perspective that prioritizes strategic interests over idealistic overreach.^[148] Rice has been vocal on Russia's invasion of Ukraine, framing it as an existential test of Western resolve against imperial aggression. In September 2024, she stated that Vladimir Putin's nationalism seeks to restore a Russian empire, rendering an independent Ukraine incompatible with his goals, and urged sustained support to prevent a Russian victory that could embolden further expansionism.^[149] By February 2023, she argued on CBS's Face the Nation that Putin believed he could outlast international backing for Kyiv, calling for comprehensive measures to undermine Moscow's war effort.^[150] In June 2025, following Ukrainian strikes on Russian assets, Rice described Putin's responses as signs of desperation and highlighted Russia's economy as in "dire straits," predicting that sustained pressure could force concessions without full capitulation.^[151] She viewed potential diplomatic pivots, such as those signaled by U.S. policy shifts in mid-2025, as possible turning points only if backed by credible threats of escalation.^[152]^[153] Regarding China, Rice has portrayed it as a systemic rival whose rise demands proactive U.S. countermeasures, including technological safeguards and alliance-building. In October 2025, she discussed the geopolitical tensions in a Wall Street Journal interview, stressing the need to navigate uncertainties without naive engagement.^[154] She warned in 2025 Hoover Institution remarks that cuts to U.S. research funding exacerbate vulnerabilities to Chinese intellectual property theft and dominance in critical technologies.^[155] Rice advocated exploiting fissures in the China-Russia-Iran-North Korea axis, as noted at the Aspen Security Forum in July 2025, to disrupt their coordinated challenges to U.S. interests.^[156] In broader 2025 speeches, she linked China's assertiveness to the erosion of globalization's borderless benefits, urging a "new economic and security commons" through selective coalitions rather than universal institutions.^[157]^[158] On Middle East issues, Rice has critiqued passive approaches to instability while supporting targeted actions against threats like Iran's nuclear ambitions. In a 2012 Washington Post op-ed, she argued that Syria's civil war threatened regional cohesion, requiring intervention to prevent jihadist safe havens and Iranian dominance.^[159] Regarding the 2015 Iran nuclear deal, she defended the Trump administration's 2018 withdrawal in multiple interviews, stating it would not precipitate disaster and that the accord's sunset clauses failed to permanently constrain Tehran's program.^[160]^[161] By June 2025, she praised U.S. strikes on Iranian facilities as enhancing American credibility and significantly delaying nuclear weaponization, aligning with her view that deterrence through strength outperforms diplomatic concessions.^[162] Rice's commentary consistently underscores the perils of retrenchment, as in her September 2025 ABC discussion on rebuilding global cooperation amid deglobalization trends driven by great-power rivalry.^[163] She has praised coalition-building efforts, such as those under the second Trump administration in 2025 for Middle East stabilization, while cautioning that short-term ceasefires must yield to enduring strategic advantages.^[164]

Political Philosophy and Positions

Foreign Policy Realism

Condoleezza Rice's foreign policy philosophy is rooted in classical realism, emphasizing the primacy of national interests, balance of power among states, and the enduring realities of international anarchy over idealistic or moralistic approaches. Trained as a Soviet specialist at Stanford University, Rice analyzed the USSR's behavior through a lens of strategic imperatives and power dynamics, arguing that its expansionism stemmed from imperial incentives rather than mutable ideology.^[165] This perspective informed her early advocacy for a U.S. foreign policy that prioritizes military strength and great-power competition, as evidenced in her 2000 Foreign Affairs article "Campaign 2000: Promoting the National Interest," where she critiqued the Clinton administration's expansive definition of national interest—including humanitarian interventions and multilateral norms—as diluting focus on core security threats like rogue states and peer competitors.^[166] Rice advocated narrowing U.S. commitments to achievable goals, such as modernizing the military for power projection and fostering stable relations with Russia and China to prevent adversarial alliances.^[166] During her tenure as National Security Advisor and Secretary of State under President George W. Bush, Rice positioned herself as a restraining realist influence amid neoconservative pushes for ideological transformation abroad. She supported the 2003 Iraq invasion on grounds of national security threats posed by weapons programs and terrorism sponsorship but later emphasized pragmatic adjustments, such as the 2007 surge, which integrated military stabilization with political realism about Iraqi factionalism.^[167] Analysts have credited her realist orientation with policy shifts, including multilateral negotiations on North Korea's nuclear program in 2007, diverging from Vice President Cheney's harder line to pursue verifiable denuclearization through incentives and pressure.^[167] Rice described this approach as "American realism," blending power politics with the promotion of open markets, rule of law, and democratic institutions as instruments to enhance U.S. influence rather than universal ends.^[168] In post-administration reflections, Rice has reiterated that effective realism requires anchoring in enduring principles to sustain long-term U.S. leadership, warning against isolationism or unchecked power vacuums exploited by adversaries like Russia and China. She argued that post-World War II successes in Europe and Asia derived from combining military deterrence with economic integration and democratic governance, creating prosperous allies that bolstered American security.^[169] This "principled realism" integrates moral commitments—such as combating tyranny—subservient to strategic interests, rejecting pure realpolitik's amoralism while avoiding Wilsonian overreach.^[169] Critics from neoconservative circles have questioned the consistency of her restraint, viewing it as insufficiently transformative, while some academic analyses suggest undertones of neoconservative faith in democracy's universal appeal beneath her realist framework.^[170] Nonetheless, Rice's record demonstrates a consistent prioritization of empirical assessments of power capabilities over ideological prescriptions.^[165] Condoleezza Rice has articulated moderate positions on abortion, describing herself as "mildly pro-choice" while opposing late-term procedures, public funding via Medicaid, and emphasizing parental notification and consent for minors.^[171] ^[172] In a 2005 interview, she characterized her approach as "kind of libertarian," expressing reluctance for government involvement in such moral decisions but supporting restrictions to protect fetal viability after the first trimester.^[173] This stance drew criticism from social conservatives during speculation of her vice-presidential candidacy in 2012, who viewed it as insufficiently pro-life.^[174] On affirmative action, Rice has supported its use as one factor in university admissions and hiring to address historical discrimination, provided it avoids quotas or mismatches that undermine merit.^[175] ^[176] As Stanford University's provost in the 1990s, she opposed applying race-based preferences in tenure decisions, prioritizing qualifications over demographic targets.^[177] In 2018, she reaffirmed its necessity for contextualizing disadvantages faced by minorities, arguing that pure color-blind policies ignore persistent socioeconomic barriers without empirical evidence of widespread reverse discrimination.^[178] Her position reflects a balance between remedying past inequities and preserving standards, contrasting with stricter opposition from some conservatives. Regarding same-sex marriage, Rice has maintained that marriage traditionally constitutes a union between a man and a woman, rooted in religious and cultural norms, but advocated for civil unions or equivalent legal protections to ensure no denial of rights such as inheritance or hospital visitation.^[179] ^[172] In 2006, as Secretary of State, she called for sensitivity and respect in the debate, avoiding personal endorsement of federal recognition while supporting state-level accommodations.^[180] This nuanced view aligns with her broader emphasis on individual liberties without redefining institutions, earning praise from moderates but reservations from traditionalists. Rice has prioritized education reform as a core domestic social imperative, warning that failing K-12 systems pose a national security risk by producing underprepared citizens unable to compete globally.^[181] She co-chaired a 2012 Council on Foreign Relations task force advocating high standards, accountability, and expanded school choice, including charter schools and vouchers, to empower parents and disrupt failing public monopolies.^[182] Drawing from her upbringing in segregated Birmingham, Alabama, where family-driven education enabled her ascent, Rice argued that proficiency by third grade is critical, with empirical data showing illiteracy correlating to lifelong poverty and crime.^[183] Her advocacy influenced Republican platforms, emphasizing outcomes over inputs like increased spending, which she critiqued for yielding stagnant results despite trillions invested since the 1960s.^[184]

Views on Race, Identity, and American Exceptionalism

Condoleezza Rice has consistently emphasized individual agency and opportunity over collective grievance in discussing race relations in the United States. Born in segregated Birmingham, Alabama, in 1954, she witnessed the 1963 bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church, which killed four Black girls, yet she has argued that fixating on past injustices hinders progress. In a June 7, 2020, interview on Face the Nation, Rice stated, "We have a very painful history. That's a very hard truth. But it is the truth of the past. We now have to talk about how to move forward," advocating for policies that address current disparities through education and economic mobility rather than perpetual racial framing. She has critiqued approaches like critical race theory (CRT), warning in an October 20, 2021, appearance on The View that it risks making "white kids feel bad for being white" and disempowering Black children by portraying them primarily as victims of systemic racism, instead urging empowerment through recognition of personal potential irrespective of race. Rice maintains that America has achieved "enormous progress in race relations" since the civil rights era, though she acknowledges ongoing tensions and rejects full "race blindness" as unrealistic, prioritizing measurable outcomes like closing achievement gaps over ideological narratives.^[185]^[186]^[187] Regarding personal and group identity, Rice has drawn from her upbringing in a stable, education-focused Black family to underscore self-reliance and merit as antidotes to identity-based limitations. In her 2010 memoir Extraordinary, Ordinary People, she described how her parents instilled a sense of discipline and aspiration amid segregation, rejecting dependency on external validation or racial essentialism. She has opposed reactive identity politics, noting in various interviews that "race is a constant factor in American life" but "reacting to every incident, real or imagined, is crippling, tiring, and ultimately counterproductive," favoring instead a focus on achievements that build self-esteem. Rice's trajectory—from a child barred from certain public spaces to the first Black female U.S. Secretary of State—exemplifies her belief that identity should motivate excellence rather than excuse underperformance, as she told Time magazine in June 2017: "When I made the most of the opportunity I was given, I was given more and more opportunities." This perspective aligns with her criticism of affirmative action excesses, such as in the 2019 college admissions scandal, where she highlighted the need for genuine merit to create sustainable opportunities for minorities.^[188]^[189] Rice's views on these matters intersect with her robust endorsement of American exceptionalism, which she defines not by ethnic or national ties but by the universal "American idea" of liberty and opportunity that transcends race. In her August 29, 2012, speech at the Republican National Convention, she asserted, "That is the true basis of American exceptionalism... we are the most successful economic and political experiment in human history," crediting the nation's founding principles for enabling her own ascent despite racial barriers. She reiterated this in a December 6, 2010, CBS News interview, describing U.S. exceptionalism as rooted in a conception unbound by "nationality, ethnicity, [or] religion," allowing immigrants and minorities to thrive through adherence to democratic ideals. For Rice, this exceptionalism is empirically validated by America's record of innovation and social mobility, including the integration of diverse groups post-civil rights reforms, though she cautions against complacency, urging continued commitment to equal application of laws and rejection of racial determinism to preserve it. Her personal narrative serves as a causal illustration: systemic change via civil rights legislation unlocked individual paths, proving the exceptional capacity of American institutions to reward talent over origin when unhindered by bias or entitlement.^[190]^[191]

Controversies and Assessments

Criticisms from Left-Leaning Perspectives

Left-leaning critics have focused on Rice's central role in the George W. Bush administration's post-9/11 foreign policy, particularly her advocacy for the 2003 Iraq invasion premised on claims of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMD) that later proved unfounded. As National Security Advisor, Rice publicly warned on September 11, 2002, that "we don't want the smoking gun to be a mushroom cloud," a statement Democrats during her January 2005 Senate confirmation hearing for Secretary of State cited as emblematic of misleading rhetoric that exaggerated the Iraqi threat to justify preemptive war.^[192] ^[193] Senator Barbara Boxer, for instance, accused Rice of "systematically misleading" Congress and the public by downplaying intelligence doubts about Saddam Hussein's WMD programs while emphasizing unverified ties to al-Qaeda.^[192] These critiques extended to Rice's oversight of intelligence processes, with opponents arguing she prioritized politicized assessments over empirical evidence, contributing to a war that, by 2011 estimates from sources like the Costs of War Project, caused over 4,400 U.S. troop deaths and up to 200,000 Iraqi civilian fatalities.^[194] Progressive outlets and activists, such as those in The New Yorker, portrayed her shift from academic restraint to neoconservative hawkishness as enabling an ideologically driven policy that undermined U.S. credibility abroad, especially after no WMD stockpiles were found post-invasion.^[195] Rice also faced accusations from human rights advocates regarding the administration's "enhanced interrogation" program, which she helped formulate and defend as legal despite involving techniques like waterboarding later classified as torture by critics including the Senate Intelligence Committee's 2014 report.^[196] Groups like CODEPINK labeled her a war criminal for approving such methods at CIA black sites and for Iraq-related deceptions, including fabricated uranium purchase claims from Niger.^[197] In 2019, Young Democratic Socialists of America protesters at the University of Buffalo denounced her as a "torturer, a liar, and a war criminal" during a speaking event, echoing broader progressive demands for accountability over policies they viewed as violations of international law.^[198] Some left-leaning voices within academia and African American communities critiqued Rice's alignment with Republican orthodoxy as a betrayal of progressive values on race and inequality, arguing her defense of policies like the Patriot Act expanded executive surveillance powers disproportionately affecting minorities, though such claims often conflated policy disagreement with personal culpability.^[199] These perspectives, frequently amplified by outlets with institutional incentives to oppose Bush-era interventions, emphasized Rice's intellectual facilitation of outcomes they deemed empirically disastrous, including regional instability and trillions in U.S. costs, while rarely engaging counterarguments on Saddam's prior atrocities or post-9/11 threat assessments.^[200]

Conservative and Internal Republican Critiques

Some conservatives, particularly paleoconservatives like Pat Buchanan, have faulted Rice for her role in advocating the 2003 Iraq invasion, which Buchanan described as a strategic blunder costing over 4,500 American lives, 35,000 wounded soldiers, and $1 trillion, while failing to yield promised stability or democratic transformation in the region.^[201] Buchanan further critiqued her as emblematic of neoconservative overreach that deviated from traditional Republican restraint on foreign entanglements, arguing in his writings that such policies eroded U.S. strength without advancing core national interests.^[202] Within the Republican foreign policy establishment, Rice faced accusations of inadequate coordination as National Security Advisor, with critics asserting she failed to mediate interagency disputes—particularly between the Pentagon and State Department—that exacerbated post-invasion chaos in Iraq, including insufficient planning for insurgency and reconstruction.^[203] This view gained traction amid broader conservative disillusionment with Bush-era outcomes, as evidenced by 2006 analyses noting eroding GOP support for the war's execution under her influence.^[203] On domestic issues, social conservatives have highlighted Rice's self-described "mildly pro-choice" stance on abortion as incompatible with the GOP platform's emphasis on restricting the procedure, viewing it as a barrier to her viability in primaries dominated by pro-life voters.^[204]^[173] Similarly, her support for comprehensive immigration reform, including a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants, has drawn ire from restrictionist factions in the party base, who saw it as amnesty undermining border security and wage protections for American workers.^[204]^[201] Buchanan encapsulated these tensions by questioning her alignment with core Republican principles in a 2012 column, suggesting her positions rendered her an unfit standard-bearer.^[201]

Empirical Evaluations of Policy Outcomes

The 2007 Iraq troop surge, supported by Rice as Secretary of State, correlated with a sharp decline in violence: civilian deaths fell from approximately 1,700 per month in late 2006 to under 300 by mid-2008, according to data from the Iraq Body Count project, amid increased U.S. troop levels from 132,000 to 168,000 and integration with the Sunni Awakening. This tactical reduction in sectarian conflict and insurgent attacks enabled provincial elections and a U.S.-Iraq Status of Forces Agreement, but long-term stability proved elusive, as insurgent capabilities regrouped post-withdrawal, contributing to the rise of ISIS by 2014 with control over 40% of Iraqi territory at its peak.^[205] Overall Iraq War costs under the Bush administration, in which Rice played a key advisory role, exceeded 4,400 U.S. military deaths, over 100,000 Iraqi civilian deaths by 2009 estimates from independent tallies, and $800 billion in direct expenditures, with no weapons of mass destruction found despite pre-invasion intelligence claims.^[206]^[207] In Afghanistan, initial post-9/11 operations endorsed by Rice as National Security Advisor toppled the Taliban regime by December 2001, disrupting al-Qaeda leadership and preventing immediate follow-on attacks on U.S. soil, with U.S. casualties under 100 in the first year.^[55] However, the shift to nation-building without sufficient troop commitments led to Taliban resurgence by 2006, with opium production rising from 185 metric tons in 2001 to 8,200 tons by 2007, fueling insurgency funding, and governance failures evident in corruption indices where Afghanistan ranked 176th out of 180 countries by 2009.^[208] By the end of Bush's term, U.S. forces numbered around 30,000, but metrics like effective government control covered only 60% of the population, setting the stage for prolonged conflict costing over $700 billion through 2009.^[209] The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), advanced under Rice's State Department stewardship, achieved measurable public health gains: by 2009, it supported antiretroviral treatment for 2.1 million people in sub-Saharan Africa, prevented an estimated 400,000 pediatric infections, and reduced HIV-related mortality rates in recipient countries by up to 50% in targeted programs, per U.S. government audits.^[210]^[211] Cumulative impacts through 2023 attribute 25 million lives saved to PEPFAR's framework, though critics note dependency on U.S. funding without equivalent local health system reforms.^[212] North Korea policy via the Six-Party Talks, facilitated by Rice from 2003-2009, yielded a 2005 joint statement committing Pyongyang to denuclearization in exchange for aid and security assurances, temporarily freezing plutonium reprocessing.^[213] Yet empirical failure ensued: North Korea conducted its first nuclear test in October 2006, withdrew from talks in 2009, and expanded its arsenal to an estimated 6-10 warheads by 2009, with missile tests increasing from 1 in 2005 to 11 in 2006, undermining non-proliferation goals.^[111]^[109]

Reception in African American Community

Condoleezza Rice's reception within the African American community has been polarized, reflecting admiration for her historic achievements alongside criticism tied to her political affiliations and policy decisions. As the first African American woman to serve as U.S. Secretary of State from January 2005 to January 2009, Rice symbolized breakthroughs in racial and gender barriers, earning praise as a role model for Black women who overcame systemic obstacles through education and merit.^[10]^[214] She has been celebrated for her address to the National Council of Negro Women, highlighting her as the highest-ranking African American woman in U.S. history at the time.^[215] A 2006 CBS News poll indicated significant recognition, with Rice tying Jesse Jackson as the most important Black leader named by African American respondents, underscoring her prominence despite her Republican ties.^[216] Supporters within the community have viewed her as an exemplar of personal agency and exceptionalism, with figures like Oprah Winfrey interviewing her on overcoming segregation-era challenges in Birmingham, Alabama.^[217] Her emphasis on education and self-reliance resonated with some, positioning her as inspirational for young Black girls aspiring to leadership.^[218] Criticism, however, has been vocal from left-leaning African American leaders and activists, often framing Rice as disconnected from communal priorities due to her support for the Iraq War and conservative stances. NAACP Chairman Julian Bond in 2006 labeled her and Colin Powell as "shields" for Bush administration policies perceived as harmful to Black interests.^[219] NPR audience feedback in 2011 rejected her inclusion in Black History Month tributes, citing her role in controversial foreign interventions over domestic racial advocacy.^[220] Some critiques highlighted her family's limited direct involvement in the Civil Rights Movement, portraying her worldview as shaped by integrationist rather than activist traditions.^[221] This divide aligns with broader partisan fissures, as African Americans overwhelmingly support Democrats, leading to perceptions of Rice as an outlier whose conservatism undermines solidarity on issues like affirmative action or racial grievance narratives.^[222] Despite such views, her symbolic power persists, with ongoing recognition in discussions of Black excellence and resilience.^[223]

Personal Life and Honors

Family Background and Personal Interests

Condoleezza Rice was born on November 14, 1954, in Birmingham, Alabama, as the only child of John Wesley Rice Jr. and Angelena Rice.^[9]^[10] Her father worked as a Presbyterian minister, high school guidance counselor, and football coach, while her mother taught music, science, and oratory in the local schools.^[9]^[11] The family resided in the middle-class Titusville neighborhood, where Rice's parents emphasized education and discipline amid the era's racial segregation, providing a sheltered environment that prioritized academic achievement over direct confrontation with external racism.^[9]^[31] John Wesley Rice Jr. died in 2000. Rice's family background reflected a tradition of professional attainment among African Americans in the South, with her parents' roles in education and the church fostering her early exposure to intellectual and cultural pursuits.^[11] Her mother, in particular, nurtured Rice's initial talents in music and performance, while her father modeled leadership through community and athletic involvement.^[10]^[9] This upbringing instilled a strong sense of personal responsibility and realism about societal barriers, as Rice later described her parents' approach as one of preparation for success rather than victimhood.^[24] Among her personal interests, Rice has long pursued music, aspiring in childhood to become a concert pianist before shifting focus to political science.^[10]^[224] She maintains an affinity for sports, beginning tennis at age 18 and continuing to play it alongside golf, which she took up later in life; these activities, along with broader athletic fandom, have remained consistent hobbies into adulthood.^[225]^[226] Rice has credited such pursuits with teaching resilience and strategic thinking, principles she applied in professional contexts.^[225]

Musical and Athletic Pursuits

Rice began piano lessons in early childhood and pursued serious classical training starting at age 15 with aspirations of becoming a concert pianist. She has performed publicly on multiple occasions, including a 2008 recital for Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace during a visit ahead of NATO talks.^[227] In 2017, she joined cellist Yo-Yo Ma for a surprise duet of Bach's Cello Suite No. 1 at the Kennedy Center Arts Summit.^[228] Additional performances include accompanying Aretha Franklin on a rendition of "Respect" after playing Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 20 in 2006, and participating in chamber music ensembles featuring works by Dvořák and Brahms at the Aspen Ideas Festival.^[229]^[230] In athletics, Rice started figure skating around age three and became competitive by age 12 after her family relocated to Denver, Colorado, in the late 1960s, though she discontinued it at 17 due to the demands of early-morning practices.^[231]^[232] She took up tennis at age 18 and maintained a competitive level into adulthood, crediting sports with teaching resilience and preparation.^[225]^[233] Rice later adopted golf as a lifelong pursuit, starting in mid-life, and incorporated running into her routine, often discussing policy with President George W. Bush during jogs or tennis matches.^[234]^[235] She maintains a disciplined fitness regimen, utilizing private gym facilities during travels.^[236]

Awards, Degrees, and Recognitions

Rice earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science, cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa, from the University of Denver in 1974 at age 19.^[5] ^[3] She obtained a master's degree in political science from the University of Notre Dame in 1975.^[1] ^[237] In 1981, Rice received a PhD in political science from the Graduate School of International Studies at the University of Denver, with her dissertation examining Soviet strategic thought toward the Third World.^[10] ^[6] As a faculty member at Stanford University from 1981 onward, Rice received the Walter J. Gores Award for Excellence in Teaching in 1984, one of the institution's highest honors for teaching.^[39] ^[238] She was also awarded the School of Humanities and Sciences Dean's Award for Distinguished Teaching in 1993.^[239] Rice has been elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.^[4] ^[240] Rice has received more than fifteen honorary doctorates from universities including but not limited to Boston College, Dartmouth College, and the University of Alabama.^[4] She was inducted into the Alabama Academy of Honor in recognition of her achievements as a native of the state.^[39] In 2015, she became the first woman to receive the National Football Foundation's Gold Medal, awarded for distinguished contributions to amateur football and related ideals.^[133] Rice also received the Sigma Xi William Procter Prize for Scientific Achievement, honoring her interdisciplinary contributions bridging political science and international security analysis.^[237]

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Condoleezza Rice was nominated for Secretary of State by George W. Bush on November 14, 2004, and assumed office on January 26, 2005.
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Condoleezza Rice is the Tad and Dianne Taube Director of the Hoover Institution and a Senior Fellow on Public Policy. She is the Denning Professor in Global ...
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[17]
Secrets Of Statecraft: How History Shaped Dr. Condoleezza Rice
Sep 7, 2022 · And when the four young girls were killed in the 16th Street Baptist Church, it was not just for us a matter of history, of course, it was a ...
[18]
Condoleezza Rice (1954- ) | BlackPast.org
Jun 6, 2025 · Her childhood was marked by the realities of Jim Crow laws, and she personally knew one of the young victims of the 1963 16th Street Baptist ...
[19]
On this day in Alabama history: Condoleezza Rice was born in ...
Nov 14, 2018 · She spent a relatively sheltered childhood in Birmingham, a city known for the violent suppression of any moves toward racial integration. Rice ...Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
[20]
Condoleezza Rice Details Her Civil-Rights Roots In New Memoir
Oct 13, 2010 · But its dominant theme is the influence of Rice's parents, who were committed educators. Her father was also the minister of a well-respected ...
[21]
Condoleezza Rice Recap - Parents & Families
Apr 12, 2012 · Her grandfather, a sharecropper in the deep South, was a man named John Wesley Rice and he understood the transforming power of education. He ...Missing: influence early
[22]
Condoleezza Rice | Research Starters - EBSCO
In Democracy, Rice argues that promotion of democracy at home and abroad, though difficult to achieve, should drive US foreign policy.<|separator|>
[23]
condoleezza rice, julie benz embrace skating's life lessons
"I first started skating during our family's summer trips to Denver," she remembered. "Every summer, I would attend skating school to advance my technique and ...Missing: early education
[24]
Condoleezza Rice: An Extraordinary, Ordinary Family - CBN
Growing up in Birmingham Alabama in the 1950s and 60s, Rice's family lived right in the heart of violence and racial strife. Neighborhood bombings were nightly ...Missing: early | Show results with:early
[25]
Extraordinary Ordinary People (Rice) - LitLovers
Her father, John, a minister and educator, instilled a love of sports and politics. Her mother, a teacher, developed Condoleezza's passion for piano and exposed ...
[26]
Ten Things You May Not Know About Dr. Condoleezza Rice - SUU
Apr 21, 2022 · She started college at age 15 and graduated Phi Beta Kappa with a bachelor's degree at the age of 19. Both of her parents were educators. She is ...
[27]
"10 Percent Intellectual": The Mind of Condoleezza Rice | PR Watch
May 21, 2008 · In 1981, Rice received her Ph.D. Her dissertation was published in 1984 by Princeton University Press under the title, Uncertain Allegiance: The ...
[28]
https://stacks.stanford.edu/file/druid:cw424bw6294/cw424bw6294_SC0932_s5_Rice_Condoleezza_script.pdf
[29]
1980s | Stanford University Awards - Spotlight Exhibits
Condoleezza Rice smiles in a green jacket and pearl necklace, with a blurred outdoor background. Condoleezza Rice, Assistant Professor in Political Science. - ...
[30]
President Gerhard Casper selects Condoleezza Rice to be next ...
May 19, 1993 · Rice speaks Russian, is an accomplished pianist and was at one time a competitive figure-skater. She was born Nov. 14, 1954, in Birmingham, Ala.Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[31]
Condoleezza Rice - Bhamwiki
Condoleezza started learning French, music, figure skating and ballet at age three. She was largely sheltered from the injustices of Birmingham's ...
[32]
party-military relations in Czechoslovakia : 1948-1975 | WorldCat.org
The politics of client command : party-military relations in Czechoslovakia : 1948-1975. Author: Condoleezza Rice. Thesis, Dissertation, English, 1981.<|separator|>
[33]
The Soviet Union and the Czechoslovak Army 1948 1983 - Scribd
Rating 5.0 (1) The document discusses the relationship between the Soviet Union and the Czechoslovak Army from 1948 to 1983, highlighting themes of uncertain allegiance.
[34]
https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691639963/the-soviet-union-and-the-czechoslovak-army-1948-1983
[35]
condoleezza rice. The Soviet Union and the Czechoslovak Army ...
condoleezza rice. The Soviet Union and the Czechoslovak Army, 1948–1983: Uncertain Allegiance. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1984. Pp. xiv, 303. $37.50.Missing: dissertation topic military
[36]
The Party, the Military, and Decision Authority in the Soviet Union
Jun 13, 2011 · Soviet military decision making is characterized by a division of labor between the party, which issues broad policy guidance, ...
[37]
The Party, the Military, and Decision Authority in the Soviet Union
By CONDOLEEZZA RICE*. THE relationship between civilian authority and military expertise in the formulation of Soviet defense policy presents a vexing research.Missing: dissertation topic
[38]
Condoleezza Rice - Fembio
Rice returned to Stanford in 1991 and was appointed provost of the university by President Gerhard Casper; her six-year tenure in this position was marked by ...
[39]
Condoleezza Rice | academyofhonor - Alabama Academy of Honor
Condoleezza Rice was born November 14, 1954, in Birmingham Alabama, to Angelena and John Rice, Jr., both of whom were teachers. An only child, she lived in ...Missing: date | Show results with:date
[40]
Getting State Back into Nuclear Arms Control and Nonproliferation
So as a new administration surveys the nuclear policy field in January 2021, nuclear arms control and nonproliferation remain critical national security issues.
[41]
Chevron Names Stanford Professor to Its Board - Los Angeles Times
May 8, 1991 · Chevron Corp. named Condoleezza Rice, 36, an associate professor of political science at Stanford University, to its previously all-male board of directors.
[42]
Chevron redubs ship named for Bush aide / Condoleezza Rice drew ...
May 5, 2001 · Rice, a former Stanford University provost, served on Chevron's board from 1991 until Jan. 15, when she resigned after Bush named her his top ...
[43]
Condoleezza Rice on HP Board of Directors - Hewlett-Packard History
Rice joined the board in 1992 and resigned a year later when she was appointed Stanford University's provost, explaining that the responsibilities of the ...
[44]
Condoleezza Rice - Wikipedia
Condoleezza "Condi" Rice (/ˌkɒndəˈliːzə/ KON-də-LEE-zə; born November 14, 1954) is an American diplomat and political scientist serving since 2020 as the 8th ...2005–2009 · Rick Upchurch · Hoover Institution · Darla Moore
[45]
[PDF] Condoleezza Rice - Stacks
Born in Birmingham, Alabama, Rice earned her bachelor's degree in political science, cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa, from the University of Denver; her master's ...
[46]
Condoleezza Rice - Encyclopedia of Alabama
Feb 17, 2010 · In 1998, Rice was approached by then-Texas governor George W. Bush to provide foreign policy advice during his presidential campaign, joining a ...
[47]
For Rice, a Daunting Challenge Ahead - The Washington Post
Dec 17, 2000 · Throughout the campaign, Rice coordinated an eight-member foreign policy advisory group known as the Vulcans, and she helped prep the Texas ...<|separator|>
[48]
Dr. Condoleezza Rice's Opening Remarks to Commission on ...
Apr 8, 2004 · National Security Advisor Dr. Condoleezza Rice spoke this morning to the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks.
[49]
National Security Presidential Directives [NSPD] George W. Bush ...
The directives that are used to promulgate Presidential decisions on national security matters are designated National Security Presidential Directives (NSPDs).
[50]
[PDF] Rice Statement
Apr 8, 2004 · President. Bush had set a broad foreign policy agenda. We were determined to confront the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. We ...
[51]
George W. Bush: Foreign Affairs - Miller Center
The Bush administration's responses to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, expanded presidential power in matters of national security.
[52]
Bush Administration's First Memo on al-Qaeda Declassified
Feb 10, 2005 · A January 25, 2001, memo on al-Qaeda from counterterrorism coordinator Richard Clarke to National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice.
[53]
[PDF] The Bush Revolution: The Remaking of America's Foreign Policy
George W. Bush campaigned for the presidency on the promise of a “humble” foreign policy that would avoid his predecessor's mistake in “overcommitting our ...
[54]
Dr. Condoleezza Rice's Opening Remarks to Commission on ...
Apr 8, 2004 · National Security Advisor Dr. Condoleezza Rice opening remarks the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States.Missing: testimony | Show results with:testimony
[55]
Condoleezza Rice | Campaign Against Terror | FRONTLINE - PBS
Rice is the U.S. national security adviser. In this interview she recounts how President Bush made the decision to go to war, and discusses how the Sept. 11 ...
[56]
Global War on Terror | George W. Bush Library
The Global War on Terror is an international, American-led military campaign launched following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.
[57]
National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States
Apr 8, 2004 · President Bush retained George Tenet as director of Central Intelligence, and Louis Freeh remained the director of the FBI. I took the unusual ...
[58]
The Global War on Terrorism: The First 100 Days - state.gov
President Bush has built a worldwide coalition against terrorism. More than 80 countries suffered losses on September 11; 136 countries have offered a ...
[59]
Remarks by National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice Followed ...
Aug 19, 2004 · One terrorist put it succinctly. He said, "You love life, we love death." True victory will come not merely when the terrorists are defeated by ...Missing: post- | Show results with:post-
[60]
National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States
The National Commission on Terrorist ... The Commission heard testimony from Dr. Condoleezza Rice, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs.Missing: war | Show results with:war
[61]
Dr. Condoleezza Rice Discusses the War on Terror on "60 Minutes"
Mar 28, 2004 · And al Qaeda is responsible for what happened to us. I think that there are good people in the Clinton administration and in the Bush ...Missing: pre- | Show results with:pre-
[62]
[PDF] Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-Saddam Governance
Jan 28, 2005 · Bush Administration officials placed regime change at the center of U.S. policy toward Iraq shortly after the. September 11, 2001 attacks.
[63]
Interview With Condoleezza Rice - Transcripts - CNN
Sep 8, 2002 · But we don't what the smoking gun to be a mushroom cloud. BLITZER ... RICE: There is certainly evidence that al Qaeda people have been in Iraq.
[64]
Dr. Condoleezza Rice Discusses President's National Security ...
Oct 1, 2002 · Dr. Condoleezza Rice Tuesday discussed the President's National Security Strategy outlining the three pillars -- defending the peace, ...Missing: pre- administration
[65]
"Why We Know Iraq is Lying" A Column by Dr. Condoleezza Rice
Jan 23, 2003 · Many questions remain about Iraq's nuclear, chemical and biological weapons programs and arsenal and it is Iraq's obligation to provide answers.Missing: statements | Show results with:statements
[66]
Pre-Iraq War Intelligence On WMDs Was Clear, Condoleezza Rice ...
Nov 2, 2011 · Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said that: "The intelligence was as clear as any intelligence I've ever seen and I've been in this business a long ...Missing: statements 2002-2003
[67]
[PDF] Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-War Governance
Oct 10, 2003 · Bush Administration officials emphasized regime change as the ... Bush Administration policy toward Iraq changed after the September 11, 2001.
[68]
Document: Rice approved harsh tactics in 2002 - NBC News
Apr 23, 2009 · Condoleezza Rice and other top Bush administration officials approved the CIA's use of harsh interrogation methods at secret prisons as ...
[69]
Rice gave early approval for CIA waterboarding, Senate report reveals
Apr 23, 2009 · Last autumn, Rice acknowledged to the armed services committee only that she had attended meetings where the CIA interrogation request was ...
[70]
Rice delivered OK to waterboarding - NBC News
Apr 23, 2009 · As national security adviser to former President George W. Bush, Condoleezza Rice verbally approved the CIA's request to subject alleged ...
[71]
OLC Opinions on the CIA Detention and Interrogation Program (April ...
Apr 17, 2009 · In July 2003, according to CIA records, the NSC Principals met to discuss the interrogation techniques employed in the CIA program.
[72]
Getting Away with Torture - Human Rights Watch
Jul 12, 2011 · George Tenet asked if he had permission to use enhanced interrogation techniques, including waterboarding, on Khalid Sheikh Mohammed.
[73]
[PDF] REPORT SENATE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE ...
Dec 9, 2014 · ... Interrogation Program." The report was approved by a 9-6 vote of the Committee at a meeting held on December 13, 2012. On April 3,2014,1 ...
[74]
Report Shows Rice Approved CIA Torture - CBS News
Apr 22, 2009 · Despite Her Hazy Memory, Senate Report Says As National Security Advisor Rice Verbally OK'd Harsh Interrogation Techniques.
[75]
Rice Defends Post-9/11 Interrogation Rules - CBS News
May 23, 2008 · Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice on Thursday defended tough interrogation techniques for terrorism suspects approved by the Bush ...
[76]
WATCH: Condoleezza Rice Defends Torture Program and Confirms ...
Apr 26, 2013 · Nizar Trabelsi, a Tunisian national and former professional soccer player who was acquitted of terrorism-related charges over two years ago, has ...
[77]
Rice: If President OK's it, it can't be torture - The Hill
Apr 30, 2009 · If the President authorizes a method of interrogation, it must not be torture, former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice says.
[78]
Rice: Bush wouldn't approve illegal interrogations - CNN.com
May 3, 2009 · Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice defended the Bush administration's policies on the interrogation of terrorism suspects Sunday, ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[79]
Further US torture revelations highlight need for independent ...
Apr 23, 2009 · As National Security Adviser to former President George W. Bush, Condoleezza Rice is recorded to have given the CIA verbal approval to ...Missing: principals meeting
[80]
“New Torture Files”: Declassified Memos Detail Roles of Bush White ...
Mar 2, 2015 · An alleged CIA prison near Kabul, Afghanistan. Image credit: Trevor Paglen via Wikimedia Commons. · Levin issued a new memo on interrogation ...
[81]
Transformational Diplomacy - state.gov
Jan 18, 2006 · Today, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice announced her plans for global repositioning to restructure both our overseas and domestic staffing, ...Missing: Initiative implementation
[82]
[PDF] US Foreign Aid Reform - Policy Archive
On January 19, 2006, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice introduced a sweeping plan to bring greater strategic coherence and accountability to the country's ...
[83]
Transformational Diplomacy: Question-and-Answer Session
Transformational Diplomacy: Question-and-Answer Session. Secretary Condoleezza Rice Washington, DC January 18, 2006. Opening Remarks by Secretary Rice ...
[84]
Diplomacy for the 21st Century: Transformational Diplomacy - DTIC
According to Secretary Rice in her February 14, 2006 testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, the objective of transformational diplomacy is ...
[85]
The Limits of Rice's Diplomacy - Brookings Institution
Last November, after an all-night session of shuttle diplomacy, she succeeded in negotiating a final agreement on access to and from Gaza.
[86]
Assessing Secretary of State Rice's Reform of U.S. Foreign Assistance
Feb 11, 2008 · In the quest for greater strategic control, the reorganization actually diminishes Washington's ability to evaluate the objectives and successes ...Missing: criticisms | Show results with:criticisms
[87]
Joint Statement With Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon Prior To ...
Jun 19, 2005 · Joint Statement With Secretary Rice and Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon Prior To Their Meeting.
[88]
Rice fails to make breakthrough in Middle East peace talks | Israel
Feb 20, 2007 · Two hours of talks between the Israeli and Palestinian leaders and the US secretary of state, Condoleezza Rice, yesterday failed to advance ...
[89]
Remarks at the Annapolis Conference - state.gov
Remarks at the Annapolis Conference. Secretary Condoleezza Rice As Prepared for Delivery Annapolis, Maryland November 27, 2007. Secretary General Ban, Prime ...
[90]
The Annapolis Conference: Condoleezza Rice's Closing Remarks
Nov 27, 2007 · The Annapolis Conference, which President Bush called and convened, has been the first Middle East peace event of this kind ever held on US soil.
[91]
2007 Secretary of State Remarks on Middle East Peace
2007 Secretary of State Remarks on Middle East Peace. January-December --12/21/07 Press Conference by Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice; Secretary Condoleezza ...
[92]
Rice Works to Revive Middle East Peace Talks - NPR
Mar 4, 2008 · Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice is trying to salvage the peace process she initiated between the Israelis and Palestinians in Annapolis, Md., last November.
[93]
Rice: Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process Has Not Failed - VOA
However, Secretary Rice said she believes the process has not failed and she says the distance to peace has been narrowed. Rice told Palestinian President ...
[94]
Press Gaggle by Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice
Jan 11, 2008 · SECRETARY RICE: I think they could conclude a peace treaty, certainly -- a final status agreement. But in order to implement it, I think if you ...
[95]
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice to Meet with U.S. Private ...
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice to Meet with U.S. Private Sector Leaders to Discuss the U.S.-Palestinian Partnership and the Palestine Investment Conference.
[96]
Press Gaggle by Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice
May 8, 2005 · We continue to try and help Russia toward WTO accession. We have a number of other economic issues that we're trying to resolve, some kind of ...
[97]
Rice Criticizes Russia's Plan to Curb Private Rights Groups
Dec 8, 2005 · Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice voices serious concern about proposed Russian law that could shut down private groups, including some ...
[98]
Rice criticizes Russian plan for crackdown - The New York Times
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice criticized Russia on Wednesday, saying she had serious concerns about a proposed law, endorsed by ...<|separator|>
[99]
Interview by Dmitry Medvedev - President of Russia
Aug 5, 2011 · But we can make analysis: my Georgian counterpart ceased all communication with us following a visit by Condoleezza Rice. Maybe that was just a ...
[100]
Secretary Rice Addresses U.S.-Russia Relations At The German ...
Sep 18, 2008 · We have treated Russia not as a vanquished enemy, but as an emerging partner. We have supported – politically and financially – Russia's ...Missing: 2005-2009 | Show results with:2005-2009
[101]
Remarks with Russian President Vladimir Putin Before Their Meeting
Apr 20, 2005 · During her travel to Europe Secretary Rice is greeted by Russian President Vladimir Putin during their meeting in the Kremlin.Missing: policy | Show results with:policy
[102]
Remarks by Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and ... - state.gov
Mar 17, 2008 · And I told the Russians this and I told both President-elect Medvedev and President Putin that we don't have the time to create a telephone book ...
[103]
Secretary of State Rice and Defense Secretary Gates in Russi
Mar 18, 2008 · Secretary Rice and Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates meet with Russian President- Elect Medvedev and President Putin on March 17.
[104]
Remarks to the Press in China - state.gov
Mar 21, 2005 · SECRETARY RICE: Well, first of all, on human rights I made clear in raising a number of individual cases, as we always do, as well as some of ...
[105]
Remarks With Chinese Foreign Minister Li - state.gov
Remarks With Chinese Foreign Minister Li. Secretary Condoleezza Rice Beijing, China July 10, 2005. During her visit to East Asia from July 8 ...
[106]
Rice Warns China to Make Major Economic Changes
Aug 19, 2005 · Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice warns that China must make significant structural changes in its econonic policies, lest it remain ...Missing: 2005-2009 | Show results with:2005-2009
[107]
Statement by Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice - state.gov
May 31, 2006 · Given the benefits of this positive path for the Iranian people, regional security, and the nuclear nonproliferation regime, we urge Iran to ...
[108]
US Secretary of State and IAEA Head Talk Non-Proliferation
May 25, 2006 · On New Approaches to Sensitive Nuclear Technology: Dr. Rice thanked Dr. ElBaradei for work on "some innovative non-proliferation ideas like fuel ...
[109]
Rice Makes Historic Visit to Libya - United States Africa Command
Sep 9, 2008 · Rice acknowledged that this meeting was made possible because Libya made the decision in 2003 to abandon its weapons of mass destruction program ...
[110]
On-The-Record Briefing Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice
Oct 17, 2006 · What are your views on regime change in North Korea and has the nuclear test killed off the six-party process? SECRETARY RICE: First of all, the ...
[111]
Rice in Singapore for six-party talks - France 24
Jul 23, 2008 · Condoleezza Rice is meeting with foreign ministers for six-party talks. She is expected to press Pak Ui-Chun, her North Korean counterpart, for details about ...
[112]
The Six-Party Talks at a Glance - Arms Control Association
The six-party talks were a series of multilateral negotiations held intermittently since 2003 and attended by China, Japan, North Korea, Russia, South Korea, ...
[113]
"Getting Serious" About North Korea | Arms Control Association
Following an unproductive round of six-party talks last month, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice called on North Korea to “get serious” about dismantling its ...<|separator|>
[114]
Rice proposes talks with Iran - May 31, 2006 - CNN
May 31, 2006 · Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice on Wednesday announced that the United States is willing to engage in direct talks with Iran about ...
[115]
Chronology of Libya's Disarmament and Relations with the United ...
Under the terms of the agreement, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice certified to Congress that Libya paid $1.5 billion to cover terrorism related claims ...
[116]
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Indian Minister of External ...
Oct 10, 2008 · Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Indian Minister of External Affairs Pranab Mukherjee At the Signing of the U.S.-India Civilian Nuclear ...
[117]
Secretary Rice Urges Congress to Approve the U.S.- India Pact - PBS
Apr 5, 2006 · Rice said the new proposal was a way to get India to play by the rules of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, or NPT. CONDOLEEZZA RICE: We ...
[118]
Arms Experts Respond to Secretary Rice's Claims about Bush ...
Sep 10, 2008 · Correcting the Record: Arms Experts Respond to Secretary Rice's Claims about Bush Administration Nuclear Control Accomplishments.Missing: publications | Show results with:publications
[119]
Life's Work: Condoleezza Rice, 66th U.S. Secretary of State
At 35, she advised President George H.W. Bush on Soviet strategy. She became Stanford's youngest provost, during a budget crisis in 1993. President George W.
[120]
Condoleezza Rice returns to Hoover Institution, Stanford
After eight years of government service, Condoleezza Rice has returned to the Hoover Institution where she is the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior Fellow ...
[121]
Condoleezza Rice: Managing Global Transitions
Condoleezza Rice has played a major role in helping to shape American foreign policy during much of the past decade. A Russia scholar and former provost at ...
[122]
Condoleezza Rice to lead Stanford's Hoover Institution
Jan 28, 2020 · Rice will assume her post as the Tad and Dianne Taube Director of the Hoover Institution on Sept. 1. She will succeed Thomas Gilligan.<|separator|>
[123]
Leadership - Hoover Institution
Condoleezza Rice is the Tad and Dianne Taube Director of the Hoover Institution and the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior Fellow on Public Policy. She is ...
[124]
Condoleezza Rice - Penguin Random House
Books by Condoleezza Rice ; No Higher Honor ; Condoleezza Rice: A Memoir of My Extraordinary, Ordinary Family and Me ; Extraordinary, Ordinary People.<|separator|>
[125]
No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington - Amazon.com
Book details · Print length. 784 pages · Language. English · Publisher. Crown · Publication date. November 1, 2011 · Dimensions. 6.4 x 1.9 x 9.6 inches · ISBN-10.
[126]
No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington
This is former National Security Advisor and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice's compelling story of eight years serving at the highest levels of government.
[127]
Political Risk: How Businesses and Organizations Can Anticipate ...
This book is about political risk and how it affects businesses. It covers a wide range of actors, industries, and laws, and provides a framework for managing ...
[128]
Political Risk by Condoleezza Rice | Hachette Book Group
In stock Free delivery over $35Well-written and chock-full of compelling case stories wrapped inside a coherent conceptual framework, POLITICAL RISK gets and keeps your attention, page after ...
[129]
Books by Condoleezza Rice (Author of Extraordinary, Ordinary ...
Extraordinary, Ordinary People by Condoleezza Rice · No Higher Honor by Condoleezza Rice · Democracy by Condoleezza Rice · Condoleezza Rice by Condoleezza Rice ...
[130]
SMU Commencement speech by former U.S. Secretary of State ...
May 12, 2012 · Following is a transcript of the Commencement speech give by former US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice at Southern Methodist University on May 12, 2012.
[131]
Condoleezza Rice: Why Democracy Matters - YouTube
Jan 13, 2011 · During her lecture, "Why Democracy Matters: Education, Empowerment and the American National Myth at Home and Abroad," former Secretary of ...Missing: 2009 | Show results with:2009
[132]
Condoleezza Rice Speaks at Hoover Institution's October Retreat
Rice also discussed the civil rights movement, which unfolded during her childhood. She noted the power of a legal framework, notably the Civil Rights Act of ...Missing: lectures | Show results with:lectures
[133]
A Time for Choosing Speaker Series with Dr. Condoleezza Rice
Mar 8, 2023 · ... 2009, Condoleezza Rice served as the 66th Secretary of State of the United States, the second woman and first African American woman to hold ...
[134]
Dr. Condoleezza Rice - General - National Football Foundation
Born Nov. 14, 1954, Rice grew up in segregated Birmingham, Alabama, and she was just a few blocks away when the bomb went off at the 16th Street ...Missing: early | Show results with:early
[135]
Condoleezza Rice says College Football Playoff selection ... - ESPN
Jan 10, 2017 · Rice, the lone woman on the committee, is one of four members whose terms have officially expired, along with committee chair Kirby Hocutt, ...
[136]
Condoleezza Rice: A Journey From Coach's Daughter To ... - Forbes
Dec 8, 2014 · Condoleezza Rice: A Journey From Coach's Daughter To The College Football Playoff Selection Committee. ByAlana Glass,. Contributor. Forbes ...
[137]
Condoleezza Rice encourages you to build bridges as a leader.
12:00 Behind the scenes of the College Football Playoff Committee (CFP). 13:00 How serving on the CFP taught her to assess teams “with a coach's eye.” 15:00 How ...
[138]
Why Condoleezza Rice was a natural choice for CFP committee
Sep 1, 2015 · Arguably the most interesting member of the College Football Playoff selection committee. She can talk about the national championship or national security.
[139]
Condoleezza Rice discusses her role on the selection committee
Oct 16, 2013 · Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice is one of 13 members on the playoff selection committee :: Bloomberg/Getty Images. Rice: Oh, ...
[140]
How Condoleezza Rice shaped Stanford athletics
Sep 22, 2024 · While Rice's role as special advisor was temporary for Saller's transition, the Hoover Institution director plans to stay involved with ...
[141]
Browns want to interview Condoleezza Rice for head-coaching job
Nov 18, 2018 · Rice has been featured in a Browns jersey in NFL ads, and there has been speculation that she even could become commissioner of the NFL. Rice ...
[142]
Browns deny interest in Condoleezza Rice - Yahoo Sports
Nov 18, 2018 · Browns deny report they want to interview Condoleezza Rice for head coach opening · Here's what ESPN originally reported · Rice's football ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[143]
Browns, Condoleezza Rice shut down surprising head coaching ...
and I know they will hire an experienced coach to take us ...Missing: speculation | Show results with:speculation
[144]
Condoleezza Rice responds to being linked to Browns coaching job
On her Facebook page, Rice professed her deep love for the Browns and said confidently, “I know they will hire an experienced coach to take us to the next level ...
[145]
Condoleezza Rice addresses old reports of Browns' interest
Nov 22, 2021 · Rice has addressed those reports again, telling Peyton and Eli Manning on their "Monday Night Football" broadcast that she still has no intentions to coach ...
[146]
Condoleezza Rice responds to coaching rumors - 247 Sports
Nov 18, 2018 · UPDATE: Condoleezza Rice has provided a response to the rumors that the Browns are interested in interviewing her for the head coaching position ...
[147]
Which Way, America? Condoleezza Rice On America's Foreign ...
The conversation delves into China's economic and military growth, Russia's war in Ukraine, and Iran's nuclear ambitions, while assessing the United States' ...
[148]
Condoleezza Rice: The Perils of Isolationism - Foreign Affairs
Aug 20, 2024 · She served as U.S. Secretary of State from 2005 to 2009 and as U.S. National Security Adviser from 2001 to 2005. More by Condoleezza Rice.Missing: vision | Show results with:vision<|control11|><|separator|>
[149]
The United States must prove its willingness to remain engaged in ...
Sep 24, 2024 · Former US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice discusses the importance of US global leadership, the perils of isolationism, and the critical foreign policy ...Missing: op- eds 2010s 2020s
[150]
Condoleezza Rice: 'Do you want Russia and China to shape the ...
Sep 24, 2024 · Former US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice spoke about the dangers of isolationism at the Global Future Forum. China Politics & Diplomacy.
[151]
Condoleezza Rice says "we have to do everything we ... - YouTube
Feb 26, 2023 · Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice told "Face the Nation" that Russian President Vladimir Putin "seems to believe" that if he ...
[152]
Condoleezza Rice says Putin is 'more out of control ... - Fox News
Jun 4, 2025 · Rice called the attack "extraordinary" during "Fox & Friends," saying it shows Ukraine can hold Putin accountable for his "aggression." "It ...
[153]
Condoleezza Rice says Trump pivot on Putin could be 'turning point ...
Jul 18, 2025 · Condoleezza Rice says Trump pivot on Putin could be 'turning point' in Ukraine war. The U.S. and Europe “have finally aligned around the idea ...
[154]
Condoleezza Rice weighs in on Trump's Russia sanctions ultimatum
Jul 19, 2025 · Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice weighed in earlier this week on President Trump's ultimatum on Russia, suggesting it is a “turning point” in peace ...
[155]
Condoleezza Rice on the U.S. vs. China | WSJ's Bold Names
Oct 3, 2025 · Condoleezza Rice's experience navigating geopolitical tensions and uncertainty gives her a background few people have. The former secretary ...
[156]
Condoleezza Rice: U.S. Tech at Risk Amid University Cuts, China ...
Jul 16, 2025 · Condoleezza Rice: U.S. Tech at Risk Amid University Cuts, China Threat. 8.7K views · 3 months ago STANFORD UNIVERSITY ...more. Alex Kantrowitz.
[157]
Condoleezza Rice says U.S. should exploit frictions between Iran ...
Jul 17, 2025 · Over 650 rabbis speak out against Mamdani as threat to 'safety and dignity of Jews in every city' ... China and North Korea, to interfere with ...
[158]
Condoleezza Rice: Globalisation's borderless era is coming undone
Oct 14, 2025 · “Some of what we're sensing and feeling are long-term, secular trends that have been developing for some time, and so a change in administration ...
[159]
What Comes Next: Imagining a New Economic and Security Commons
Sep 29, 2025 · Condoleezza Rice and Philip Zelikow's careers in foreign policy span from the global ... current, fraught situation in international affairs.
[160]
Syria is central to holding together the Mideast - The Washington Post
Nov 23, 2012 · Condoleezza Rice was secretary of state from 2005 to 2009. The civil war in Syria may well be the last act in the story of the ...
[161]
Condoleezza Rice defends Trump leaving Iran nuclear deal - The Hill
May 1, 2018 · Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said Tuesday that while she would prefer the United States remained part of the Iran nuclear deal, it won't be “the ...
[162]
Condoleezza Rice Says Leaving Iran Deal 'Won't Be End of the World'
May 9, 2018 · May.09 -- Former U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice talks about President Trump taking the U.S. out of the Iran nuclear deal.
[163]
Ex-Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice calls US strikes on Iran a ...
Jun 27, 2025 · Rice told Fox News chief political anchor Bret Baier that she believes the US strikes set Iran's nuclear program back significantly. She ...
[164]
Condoleezza Rice on how to fix the break-up of global cooperation
Sep 30, 2025 · Condoleezza Rice comes up with practical ideas for creating a common economic and security future to address the issues that are too big for any ...
[165]
Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice praised the Trump ...
Oct 10, 2025 · Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice praised the Trump administration for assembling a broad coalition behind the Israel-Hamas peace ...
[166]
Condoleezza Rice: George W.'s Realist - jstor
W. has no rigid views on foreign policy. Unlike Bill Clinton, he does seem to be in- terested in foreign policy to the extent of taking ...
[167]
Campaign 2000: Promoting the National Interest | Foreign Affairs
Jan 1, 2000 · Condoleezza Rice, "Campaign 2000: Promoting the National Interest. ... This polarized view—you are either a realist or devoted to norms and ...
[168]
Rice's Realism - FPIF - Foreign Policy in Focus
Jun 11, 2007 · Analysts credit Rice's realism with the reversal of U.S. policy toward North Korea. Under Rice's guidance, and in direct contradiction of Cheney ...
[169]
Condi Rice's Vision Of 'American Realism' - Forbes
Jan 23, 2008 · Rice used her speech to promote the values of what she called “American realism,” a foreign policy based on the principles of open markets, democratic ...
[170]
Condoleezza Rice: Why Principles Must Anchor Foreign Policy
Apr 20, 2018 · Secretary Rice argued that the combination of democracy, free markets, and American military power brought freedom and prosperity to places ...Missing: op- eds 2010s 2020s
[171]
Undergraduate Honors Thesis | The Hidden Neoconservative ...
Apr 11, 2022 · This thesis analyzes Rice's academic development and intellectual persuasions pre-2001, provides a thorough definition of neoconservatism, ...Missing: PhD topic
[172]
Condoleezza Rice on Abortion - OnTheIssues.org
On abortion, Rice is “mildly pro-choice.” While she opposes late-term abortions and Medicaid payments for abortion and wants parental notification and consent ...
[173]
Rice's stance on controversial issues - POLITICO
Jul 13, 2012 · Rice's stance on controversial issues · Abortion “I don't like the government involved in these really hard moral decisions. · Gun control · Gay ...
[174]
Rice says she's 'mildly pro-choice'
Mar 13, 2005 · Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice described herself Friday as "mildly pro-choice" and "kind of libertarian" on abortion, and left the door open for a ...
[175]
Condi Rice, 2016, and abortion - Macleans.ca
Aug 31, 2012 · “I am pro-life but it would not be a deal-breaker at all,” she said. But others were more troubled by her views on abortion.
[176]
Rice Weighs In On Affirmative Action - CBS News
Jan 20, 2003 · In an interview with the American Urban Radio Network, Rice said she agreed that affirmative action is needed "if it does not lead to quotas.".
[177]
Rice says race can be 'one factor' in considering admissions - CNN
Jan 18, 2003 · Condoleezza Rice says her experience as a professor and administrator at Stanford University shaped her view of affirmative action.
[178]
Rice Considered a Centrist on Affirmative Action at Stanford
Jan 25, 2003 · In the meeting, Rice emphasized that she supported affirmative action in hiring, but said she was “completely opposed to the introduction of ...
[179]
Condoleezza Rice: Affirmative Action Is Still Necessary
May 9, 2018 · Former U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice talks about the need for affirmative action. She speaks with David Rubenstein on "The David ...
[180]
Condoleezza Rice on Civil Rights - OnTheIssues.org
Oct 26, 2021 · On same-sex marriage she said that while she believes marriage is between a man and a woman, "I don't ever want anybody to be denied rights within our country."
[181]
Condoleezza Rice urges respect in same-sex marriage debate
Jun 15, 2006 · In a newspaper interview Wednesday, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice urged respect and sensitivity in the debate over same-sex marriage.
[182]
Condoleezza Rice discusses the importance of education
Klein and Rice lead the Independent Task Force on US Education Reform and National Security, sponsored by the Council on Foreign Relations. “While our political ...
[183]
Condoleezza Rice on the Need for High Standards and Choice in ...
Aug 30, 2012 · Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice spoke movingly about the need for education reform and increased parental choice at the ...Missing: positions | Show results with:positions
[184]
74 Interview: Condoleezza Rice on Education, National Security and ...
Jan 4, 2017 · Rice served as chair of the Foundation for Excellence in Education's board of directors from January 2015 through May 2016. She spoke with The ...
[185]
The Leaflet - Condoleezza Rice on Education Reform
Aug 30, 2012 · In her powerful speech, Secretary Rice said, “The crisis in K-12 education is a threat to the very fabric of who we are. My mom was a teacher. I ...<|separator|>
[186]
Transcript: Condoleezza Rice discusses race on "Face the Nation ...
Jun 7, 2020 · RICE: We have a very painful history. That's a very hard truth. But it is the truth of the past. We now have to talk about how to move forward.
[187]
Condoleezza Rice on The View: Critical Race Theory - Rev
Former Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice discussed Critical Race Theory on The View on October 20, 2021. Read the transcript of her remarks here.
[188]
Condoleezza Rice: America Will Never Be "Race Blind"
Jan 25, 2022 · According to BET.com, Rice said she is concerned that educational achievement gaps could erase the gains African Americans have made. “I think ...
[189]
Condoleezza Rice Talks Racism, Sexism - Time Magazine
Jun 28, 2017 · “You are going to run up against people who think you shouldn't be in the room because you're female, or because you're black, or whatever. But ...
[190]
Condoleezza Rice shares her opinion on race relations in the US
Jun 20, 2019 · ... to discuss race relations in today's society, the college admissions scandal and how to create opportunities for minority students.
[191]
Condoleezza Rice -- Republican National Convention Address ...
Aug 29, 2012 · ... us because we are the most successful economic and political experiment in human history. That is the true basis of American exceptionalism.
[192]
Rice Talks "American Exceptionalism" - CBS News
Dec 6, 2010 · "I still believe that the United States is exceptional in its conception, the American idea, no tie of nationality, ethnicity, religion to the ...
[193]
Democrats Criticize Rice Over Iraq War - The Washington Post
Jan 26, 2005 · The criticism dealt mainly with her role in 2002 and 2003 in arguing that Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction despite ...
[194]
Democrats assail Rice, citing role on Iraq - The New York Times
one Democratic senator blamed Rice for spreading "lies" about the threat from Iraq — came amid a nine-hour floor debate ...Missing: liberal critiques
[195]
Condoleezza Rice Under Fire | PBS News
Oct 13, 2003 · I think the main reason is the policy towards Iraq is becoming under criticism and we're trying to find who is to blame for this. People in the ...
[196]
Without a Doubt | The New Yorker
Oct 7, 2002 · Bush's Presidential campaign, Rice had become much more politically Republican and was actively hostile and dismissive toward the Democrats. She ...<|separator|>
[197]
Condoleezza Rice visits Rice University - The Rice Thresher
Feb 21, 2024 · Activists have protested Rice over her role in starting the Iraq War and in authorizing “enhanced interrogation techniques,” accusing Rice of ...
[198]
War Criminal of the Week: Condoleezza Rice! - CODEPINK
Condi approved and apologized for numerous war crimes on behalf of the Bush Administration, using visions of mushroom clouds and other scare tactics.
[199]
Socialist Students: Condoleezza Rice a 'War Criminal' - Newsweek
Apr 18, 2019 · "Rice is a torturer, a liar, and a war criminal," YDSA said in a statement. University at Buffalo told Newsweek that maintaining an environment ...
[200]
As Her Star Wanes, Rice Tries to Reshape Legacy - The New York ...
Sep 1, 2007 · “Condoleezza Rice serves an administration that has trashed the basic values of academia: reason, science, expertise, and honesty. Stanford ...
[201]
Letters: Criticism of Condoleezza Rice's role with Iraq War was unfair
Dec 1, 2022 · A feel-good story about the success of Condoleezza Rice and, in the next breath, publish a letter about her “failure” regarding the Iraq War.
[202]
Romney cannot be serious about making Condi Rice his VP
Jul 18, 2012 · The first criterion in choosing a vice president, it is said, is that he or she must be qualified to be President.
[203]
'Where the Right Went Wrong': A Paleoconservative Takes on the ...
Sep 12, 2004 · He charges most of the same neoconservatives with abetting the godless enemy on nearly every major issue -- from gay marriage to abortion to immigration.
[204]
Iraq Policy Losing Conservative Support - CBS News
Nov 4, 2006 · The critiques in Vanity Fair come as growing numbers of Republicans have criticized Bush's policies on Iraq. ... Rice, did not serve Bush properly ...
[205]
The pros and cons of Condi | CNN Politics
Jul 13, 2012 · Last but hardly least is Rice's stance on abortion. She calls herself “mildly pro-choice.” This is the reason you can sum up social conservative ...
[206]
Iraq After the Surge - Brookings Institution
Dec 8, 2007 · Ivo Daalder argues the troop surge in Iraq has been a tactical success, but a strategic failure. He offers solutions to the the challenges ...
[207]
[PDF] 1 President Bush and the Invasion of Iraq - James P. Pfiffner
The 2003 Iraq War is a case study in winning the military battle but losing the war. President George W. Bush demonstrated impressive political skills in ...
[208]
Bad decision, badly executed: America's war of choice in Iraq
Mar 21, 2023 · The results of the war have been overwhelmingly negative. Yes, a horrendous tyrant who had used chemical weapons against his own people and ...
[209]
Timeline: The U.S. War in Afghanistan - Council on Foreign Relations
The Taliban surged back to power two decades after U.S.-led forces toppled their regime in what led to the United States' longest war.
[210]
Chapter 3 | National-Level Coordination and Implementation
Sep 1, 2015 · President Bush declared, “Our enemy is a radical network of terrorists, and every government that supports them. Our war on terror begins with ...
[211]
[PDF] The Power of Partnerships: - State Department
Partnership is the foundation of PEPFAR's success and of what Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice has called. “transformational diplomacy.” All told, the ...
[212]
Release of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief ...
Jan 12, 2009 · This report highlights the achievements of the first five years of PEPFAR, the largest commitment by any nation to combat a single disease in human history.Missing: outcomes involvement
[213]
Dr. Condoleezza Rice reflects on why PEPFAR must be preserved
Twenty years later, PEPFAR has saved 25 million lives and allowed 5.5 million babies to be born HIV-free. Seven million orphans, vulnerable children, and their ...Missing: outcomes | Show results with:outcomes
[214]
A Breakthrough at the Six-Party Talks - Comparative Connections
July 13, 2005: Secretary Rice in Seoul welcomes South Korean proposal to provide North Korea with 2 million kilowatts of electricity.
[215]
Condoleezza Rice: A Role Model for Overcoming Adversity - HuffPost
Oct 21, 2010 · Dr. Rice was one of the highest ranking woman in our country. She overcame both gender and race barriers. I wanted to hear what she had to say.
[216]
Condoleezza Rice | Speech to National Council of Negro Women
When she was US secretary of state, Condoleezza Rice was the highest ranking and most powerful African American woman in history.
[217]
Poll: Jesse Jackson, Rice Top Blacks - CBS News
Feb 15, 2006 · Jesse Jackson and Condoleezza Rice get the top support among blacks asked to name the nation's "most important black leader," according to ...
[218]
Oprah Talks to Condoleezza Rice
Condoleezza: I really didn't think much about the fact that there were only three black women in my class rather than all black people.<|control11|><|separator|>
[219]
Every little Black girl ought to be like Condoleezza Rice
Feb 9, 2022 · The person I most admire is Condoleezza Rice. When I first saw her on TV, she walked with an air of class and knowledge.
[220]
Fair and Unfair Criticism of Condoleezza Rice, by Eric T. Miller and ...
May 1, 2006 · Condoleezza Rice is possibly the most powerful and most criticized woman on the planet, but much of this criticism is undeserved.
[221]
Audience: Condoleezza Rice Is No Black History Hero - NPR
Feb 25, 2011 · Rice was the first female national security adviser and later the first black female secretary of State under George W. Bush. Here's a clip from ...
[222]
Condoleezza Rice pimps the Civil Rights Movement
Sep 28, 2006 · So, watching Condoleezza Rice on “60 Minutes” talk passionately about the Civil Rights Movement when her family sat on the sidelines, stirred a ...Missing: reception | Show results with:reception
[223]
Why do black people hate Condoleezza Rice? : r/OutOfTheLoop
Jun 3, 2017 · Condoleezza is conservative. Most black people are liberal. Many people see conservatives as racist. All together you have many people who see her as being an ...<|separator|>
[224]
'Emancipation's Daughters' celebrates five iconic Black women
Apr 20, 2021 · “Rice stood out for me, as she did for a lot of other Black women, because of the key role she played. Her symbolic power was undeniable,” ...
[225]
Condoleezza Rice: A Lesson In Overcoming Hurdles - Forbes
Jul 17, 2018 · Rice's childhood dream was to become a concert pianist. She attended Denver University as a piano major, and in her sophomore year she fiercely ...
[226]
Condoleezza Rice says playing sports taught her this life lesson
Oct 24, 2017 · At 18, she began playing tennis, a sport that she still enjoys, along with golf. In fact, although she started playing golf much later in life, ...Missing: hobbies | Show results with:hobbies
[227]
Condoleezza Rice has traveled the world, but Alabama is still her ...
May 17, 2015 · ... hobbies that still remain important to her today: music and sports. ... "I'm a relatively new golfer, so I enjoy working on my game when I come to ...
[228]
Condoleezza Rice Gives A Piano Recital For The Queen - YouTube
Dec 2, 2008 · http://video.news.sky.com/skynews/video/ US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice is in Britain ahead of NATO talks in Brussels, ...
[229]
Yo-Yo Ma and Condoleezza Rice Perform Surprise Duet at The ...
May 26, 2017 · Yo-Yo Ma and Condoleezza Rice surprise the attendees of the 2017 Kennedy Center Arts Summit with a duet for piano and cello.
[230]
Condoleezza Rice Makes Music with Aretha Franklin - Essence
Oct 29, 2020 · Rice, a classically trained pianist, performed a selection from Mozart's Piano Concerto and later accompanied the Queen of Soul for a rendition ...
[231]
U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice Speaks and Performs ...
Performed first will be the first movement of Dvorak's Piano Quintet in A major, B. 155, op. 81 and to follow will be the 2nd movement of Brahms' Piano Quintet ...
[232]
Condoleezza Rice's Ice Skates - Bidoun
Rice is on an ice rink in Denver, Colorado, in the late 1960s. She wears a figure-skating outfit: a girlish white dress, tights dipped in glitter.Missing: athletics | Show results with:athletics
[233]
Rice on ice, but not skates, in Moscow - Arizona Daily Star
Rice began skating competitively at age 12 when her family moved to Denver, Colorado. She gave it up at 17 when she was no longer willing to make pre-dawn ...<|separator|>
[234]
The Golf Digest Interview: Condoleezza Rice
May 1, 2011 · I was a competitive figure skater, and then when I realized skating was not an adult sport I took up tennis and played that quite seriously from ...
[235]
Dr. Condoleezza Rice And Golf Exemplify The Power of Girls ... - LPGA
Feb 5, 2020 · “She thrives on challenge and intellectual curiosity. In golf, she found a lifelong sport where she is continuously challenged and learning.
[236]
Pump it up, Madam Secretary - BlueRidgeNow.com
Jul 5, 2006 · She and President Bush share a passion for physical fitness and have been known to discuss foreign affairs while running or playing tennis ...
[237]
Shape up with Condi | US news - The Guardian
Mar 2, 2006 · Condoleezza Rice has the use of private gymnasia wherever she goes, in which to practise her daily workout. I, alas, am limited to my local ...
[238]
Condoleezza Rice - Sigma Xi
Rice received her B.A in political science from the University of Denver, her master's degree from Notre Dame University and her Ph.D. from the Graduate School ...
[239]
Condoleezza Rice - World Affairs Council – Seattle
Previously, Rice served on various additional boards, including: KiOR, Inc.; the Chevron Corporation; the Charles Schwab Corporation; the Transamerica ...Missing: sector involvement
[240]
Condoleezza Rice Fast Facts - WRAL.com
Nov 1, 2023 · Education: University of Denver, B. A., 1974; University of Notre Dame, Master's degree, 1975; University of Denver, Ph.D., 1981. Other Facts.
[241]
Dr. Condoleezza Rice - Golf Coaches Association of America
Rice is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and has been awarded ten honorary doctorates. She currently resides in Stanford, California.