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DMS

DMS is an acronym that may refer to:

Computing

Document management system

A (DMS) is a software application, often cloud-based, that enables organizations to capture, store, track, and manage electronic and files of various types, including PDFs, images, and word processing files. It streamlines the processes of document creation, organization, retrieval, and collaboration, minimizing paper usage while ensuring secure access and across teams. According to ISO 12651-2, a in this context is defined as "recorded information or object which can be treated as a unit," emphasizing DMS's role in handling unified digital assets. The evolution of DMS traces back to the late 19th century with the invention of the file cabinet by Edwin Seibels, which centralized physical document storage. In the , the rise of personal computers and enabled the shift to electronic document management systems (EDMS), initially complex tools for digitizing and archiving paper records on local networks. The 1990s marked the emergence of dedicated enterprise DMS platforms, such as and , which introduced features like indexing and to support large-scale operations. By the early 2000s, and integrations revolutionized accessibility, allowing remote collaboration and full-text retrieval, while smartphones further enabled mobile document handling. Core features of a DMS include document capture through scanning or direct upload, automated indexing with for easy classification, and advanced search capabilities using keywords or AI-driven semantic analysis. tracks changes over time, preventing data loss and maintaining audit trails, while automation routes documents for approvals and integrates with business processes. Security measures, such as role-based access controls and encryption, protect sensitive information, and integration with compliance tools ensures adherence to regulations like GDPR or HIPAA. DMS implementations often follow international standards to guarantee reliability and . ISO 19475:2021 outlines minimum requirements for storage, focusing on preserving , , and through defined processes for receipt, processing, and delivery. AIIM's ARP1-2009 provides recommended practices for , including migration strategies and system audits to support long-term preservation. Additionally, ISO 15489 addresses principles applicable to DMS, emphasizing , structure, and disposition to mitigate risks in digital environments. In practice, DMS significantly reduces retrieval times and storage costs compared to physical filing, as evidenced by enterprise adoptions in sectors like legal and healthcare. Representative examples include M-Files for metadata-driven management and for integrated enterprise workflows, both prioritizing and user over exhaustive feature lists. As of 2025, DMS platforms have increasingly incorporated AI-driven for tasks like intelligent and predictive , alongside enhanced cloud-based features for seamless remote and .

Data management system

A system (DMS) is a comprehensive encompassing , software, policies, and procedures designed to collect, store, organize, protect, and utilize throughout its lifecycle to support organizational efficiency and . Unlike narrower database management systems (DBMS), which focus primarily on structured data storage and retrieval, a DMS addresses both structured and , integrating elements like , , and security to ensure accessibility and reliability across enterprise environments. This holistic approach enables businesses to derive value from assets while mitigating risks such as duplication or breaches. The evolution of data management systems traces back to the mid-20th century, beginning with manual and mechanical record-keeping that transitioned into automated processes. In the , early computing relied on punched-card systems for , marking the first generation of data handling where computers automated traditional tasks like tabulation but required significant manual intervention. By the , the second generation introduced magnetic tapes and high-level languages such as and , facilitating more efficient data organization in batch-oriented environments. A pivotal advancement occurred in 1970 with Edgar F. Codd's seminal paper introducing the , which revolutionized by emphasizing declarative querying and data independence through schemas, laying the foundation for modern systems. Subsequent generations built on these foundations. The third generation (1965–1980) featured network and hierarchical databases, exemplified by Charles Bachman's model, which earned him the 1973 for pioneering data structure diagrams and navigational data access. The fourth generation (1980–1995) standardized SQL in 1986, enabling relational databases to dominate with client-server architectures and for scalability. By the fifth generation (1995 onward), systems incorporated multimedia support, object-relational extensions, and integration with emerging technologies like the , addressing petabyte-scale data challenges in scientific and commercial applications. Key components of a DMS include data storage mechanisms (e.g., relational, , or cloud-based repositories), processing tools for extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL), and protocols to maintain quality and compliance. For instance, (MDM) subsystems focus on creating a single, accurate view of core entities like customers or products, reducing inconsistencies across silos. Security features, such as and access controls, are integral to protect against unauthorized access, while analytics integration supports and AI-driven insights. In contemporary contexts, DMS have adapted to and , with innovations like data lakes (introduced around 2010) allowing storage of raw, diverse data formats for later processing, and data fabrics providing automated orchestration across hybrid environments. Regulations such as the EU's GDPR (2016) have underscored the importance of in DMS design, emphasizing consent management and data minimization. These systems are critical for industries like and healthcare, where they enable analytics— for example, processing terabytes of transaction data to detect fraud—while scaling to handle exponential data growth projected to reach approximately 181 zettabytes globally by the end of 2025. Overall, effective DMS implementation can improve operational efficiency through reduced redundancy and faster query times, as demonstrated in enterprise case studies. As of 2025, key advancements in DMS include deeper integration of and for real-time data processing and , the rise of data fabric architectures to manage multi-cloud environments, and enhanced emphasis on data privacy compliance amid stricter global regulations.

Chemistry and materials science

Dimethyl sulfide

(DMS), with the chemical formula (CH_3)_2S, is the simplest thioether and a volatile organosulfur compound with a molecular weight of 62.13 g/mol. It appears as a clear, colorless to straw-colored liquid with a characteristic disagreeable, garlic-like and is highly flammable, with a below 0°F. Physically, DMS has a of 37°C, a of -98°C, a of 0.846 g/cm³ at 20°C, and is slightly soluble in (approximately 22 g/L at 20°C) while being miscible with organic solvents like and . Chemically, it is stable under normal conditions but decomposes upon heating to produce , , and . In nature, DMS is the most abundant biological sulfur compound emitted to the atmosphere, primarily produced by marine phytoplankton through the enzymatic cleavage of (DMSP), an osmolyte in . It also occurs in terrestrial plants, bacteria such as , and various foods including , cheese, , and , where it contributes to flavor profiles. Oceanic emissions of DMS, estimated at 15–33 Tg S per year, represent the largest natural source of to the atmosphere and play a key role in the marine . Industrially, DMS is synthesized by reacting with over catalysts like alumina or zeolites, often in a two-step process involving methyl mercaptan as an intermediate. Abiotic production can occur through photochemical in certain environments, such as irradiated analogs. DMS serves as a flavoring agent in trace amounts to impart savory or notes, a chemical intermediate in the production of pesticides and pharmaceuticals, and an odorant in and for . In , it acts as a reagent in reductions and as a in coordination compounds like chloro(dimethyl sulfide)gold(I). Environmentally, atmospheric DMS is oxidized to form sulfate aerosols and , which act as (CCN), enhancing marine cloud albedo and exerting a cooling effect on . This biogenic , first proposed in the seminal work by Charlson et al., links productivity to global , with DMS emissions potentially increasing under warming conditions due to enhanced and DMSP production. Safety-wise, DMS is toxic if ingested or inhaled, causing to the skin, eyes, and , with an oral LD50 in rats of 3,300 mg/kg; occupational exposure limits are set at 10 (TLV). It forms explosive mixtures with air and should be handled in well-ventilated areas away from ignition sources.

Dilute magnetic semiconductor

Dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) are a class of materials formed by doping conventional semiconductors with a low concentration (typically 1–10%) of magnetic ions, such as metals, to impart ferromagnetic properties while retaining semiconducting behavior. This combination enables the manipulation of both charge and , bridging the fields of and . DMS are primarily explored for applications in , where electron is used to encode and process , potentially leading to more efficient devices than traditional charge-based . The concept of DMS emerged in the 1970s with early studies on II–VI semiconductors like CdMnTe, but significant theoretical and experimental progress occurred in the late 1990s and early 2000s. A pivotal advancement was the 2000 Zener model by Dietl et al., which described carrier-mediated in p-type zinc-blende semiconductors doped with (Mn). The model posits that holes mediate Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY)-like interactions between localized Mn spins, enabling long-range ferromagnetic order. Calculations predicted Curie temperatures (T_C) exceeding (above 300 K) for 5% Mn doping in wide-bandgap materials like and ZnO, sparking intense research into high-temperature DMS. Mechanistically, in DMS arises from interactions between band carriers (electrons or holes) and the magnetic s. In , the ferromagnetic transition temperature is given by T_C = \frac{x N_0 \beta^2 S(S+1) A_F}{12 k_B} where x is the concentration, N_0 is the cation , \beta is the p–d integral, S is the , A_F is the carrier- , and k_B is Boltzmann's constant. This carrier-induced contrasts with DMS, where may involve defect-mediated or oxygen vacancies, though controversies persist regarding extrinsic contributions like clustering. First-principles studies have confirmed stable in select systems but highlighted challenges in achieving uniform doping without phase segregation. Prominent examples include III–V compounds like (Ga,Mn)As, which exhibits T_C up to 200 K at 10% Mn doping, and wide-bandgap oxides such as (Zn,Co)O and (Ti,Mn)O₂, reported to show room-temperature ferromagnetism in thin films. II–VI materials like (Cd,Mn)Te have been used for magneto-optical studies due to their tunable bandgap and strong spin-orbit coupling. Synthesis typically involves for epitaxial films or sol–gel methods for oxides, ensuring atomic-level dispersion of dopants to avoid secondary magnetic phases. Despite progress, challenges remain, including the " solubility limit" in III–V hosts, which restricts doping levels and T_C, and debates over true intrinsic versus artifacts from impurities or nanostructures. Ongoing research focuses on hybrid structures, like DMS/ferromagnet interfaces, to enhance injection efficiency. In applications, DMS enable spin-polarized light-emitting diodes, magnetic junctions, and spin-field-effect transistors, with potential for low-power, devices.

Other uses in science and technology

Degrees, minutes, and seconds

Degrees, minutes, and seconds (DMS) is a sexagesimal system for expressing angular measurements, dividing a full circle into 360 degrees (°), each degree into 60 arcminutes ('), and each arcminute into 60 arcseconds ("). This subdivision originates from ancient Babylonian astronomy, where the sexagesimal (base-60) numeration system facilitated precise calculations of celestial positions, with the 360-degree circle approximating the length of a solar year in days. The system was formalized by the Greek astronomer Claudius Ptolemy in his second-century CE work , where he explicitly defined the division of each into 60 minutes and each minute into 60 seconds to enhance accuracy in modeling planetary motions and star catalogs. This analogy to time measurement—hours into minutes and seconds—persisted due to shared astronomical applications, such as tracking . In practice, DMS provides fine granularity for angles; for instance, one arcsecond represents approximately 1/3600 of a , for example, the apparent diameter of or subtends about 30 arcminutes (1800 arcseconds). Conversions between DMS and are straightforward: the decimal equivalent is calculated as degrees + (minutes/60) + (seconds/3600). For example, 40° 30' 45" equals 40.5125°. DMS remains integral to science and technology, particularly in astronomy for and coordinates, where positions are often given in hours-minutes-seconds for right ascension but degrees-minutes-seconds for declination. In geography and , it denotes latitude and longitude, with one minute of latitude spanning roughly 1.85 kilometers (1.15 miles) at the . and systems, including early GPS implementations, traditionally employed DMS for precise positioning, though are now common in digital tools. The (SI) recognizes the degree, minute, and second as supplementary units for plane angles, with symbols °, ′, and ″, respectively.

Dynamic message sign

A dynamic message sign (DMS), also known as a changeable message sign (CMS) or variable message sign (VMS), is an electronic traffic control device capable of displaying one or more alternative messages to inform, warn, or guide motorists. These signs are integral to intelligent transportation systems (ITS), providing real-time information such as traffic incidents, congestion, roadwork, weather conditions, or travel times, thereby enhancing road safety and efficiency. Unlike static signs, DMS allow transportation agencies to update content remotely based on current conditions, typically using LED matrices for visibility in various lighting and weather scenarios. The origins of DMS trace back to the mid-20th century , with early implementations in the using basic neon or electromechanical technologies for simple alerts like speed reductions. By the , more advanced systems emerged, such as Arizona's 1973 dust storm warning network featuring 40 changeable signs along to address visibility hazards in desert regions. The marked a shift to fiber-optic and early LED technologies, improving reliability and enabling broader deployment as part of federal ITS initiatives under the of 1991. Today, DMS are standard on major highways worldwide, with ongoing advancements in full-color displays and integration with vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. Technologically, DMS consist of a luminous pixel matrix—predominantly high-resolution LEDs arranged in full-matrix configurations for flexible messaging—enclosed in weatherproof housings meeting NEMA 3R standards for protection against rain, dust, and corrosion. Key components include a controller for message programming via protocols like NTCIP (National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol), power supplies often solar-augmented for portability, and sensors for automatic brightness adjustment to ensure legibility up to 800 feet during daylight on high-speed roads. Early fiber-optic models have largely been replaced by energy-efficient LEDs, which support dynamic features like sequential phase displays (up to two phases, each at least 2 seconds) but prohibit animations, scrolling, or excessive text to avoid driver distraction. Standards for DMS are governed by the Federal Highway Administration's Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), which mandates positive-contrast designs (e.g., luminous characters on dark backgrounds) using colors from Table 2A-5, such as or for warnings. The (NEMA) TS 4-2023 specifies hardware requirements, including pixel pitches around 0.787 inches for full-color matrices and FCC Part 15B compliance to minimize . Messages are restricted to pertinent operational, regulatory, , or guidance information—no —with limits of three lines and 20 characters per line, and letter heights of 18 inches for speeds ≥45 . Internationally, variations exist; DMS often incorporate multilingual capabilities and stricter energy standards under EN 12966, while North American systems emphasize NTCIP . In practice, DMS significantly improve by delivering location-specific alerts, such as "WRECK AHEAD, 2 MI, USE EXIT 15" during incidents, which studies show can increase by guiding detours and reduce secondary crashes. For events, they provide timely warnings like " DETECTED," enhancing response times for vulnerable drivers, including the elderly, when paired with graphical icons. Agencies like the use DMS for creative safety campaigns since 2013, addressing with messages like "PHONE DOWN, LIFE UP," yielding measurable reductions in aggressive behaviors. Overall, these signs contribute to safer roadways by conveying up to five units of information (e.g., location, type, duration) in concise, phased formats, with real-time integration from traffic management centers.

Education

Diploma in Management Studies

The Diploma in Management Studies (DMS) is a postgraduate-level qualification in the , primarily aimed at practicing or aspiring middle managers seeking to develop advanced knowledge and skills in , , and organizational dynamics. Offered through universities and professional bodies, it emphasizes practical application of management principles to real-world business challenges, often delivered part-time to accommodate working professionals. The DMS is widely recognized by employers across sectors, providing a bridge between operational experience and higher-level strategic roles, and it frequently serves as a precursor to more advanced degrees like the (MBA). The origins of the DMS trace back to 1949, when the British Institute of Management (BIM), in partnership with the Ministry of Education, launched the program to address the need for formalized training in post-World War II . This initiative responded to criticisms of inadequate for managers in , with the initially structured as a part-time diploma delivered through a network of 34 technical colleges to reach aspiring middle managers without disrupting their careers. By 1951, it had formalized as the UK's first dedicated Diploma in Management Studies, marking a pivotal step in professionalizing education amid growing economic demands. The BIM, which later evolved into the (CMI) in 2002, played a central role in its development and accreditation, ensuring alignment with emerging standards in business practice. Structurally, the DMS typically requires 120 credits at postgraduate level (equivalent to a or PgDip), comprising core modules such as , , financial decision-making, and , alongside elective options in areas like or . Programs often span 1-2 years part-time, incorporating assessments through assignments, case studies, and projects that apply theory to workplace scenarios. Entry requirements generally include a relevant or equivalent professional experience, with many institutions offering for seasoned managers. Accreditation by bodies like the CMI ensures the qualification meets national standards, enhancing its portability and value for career progression. For instance, at institutions like the , the DMS integrates employer-led modules focused on personal growth, providing a direct pathway to MBA completion. Over the decades, the DMS has adapted to contemporary business needs, incorporating topics like data analytics and while maintaining its focus on and . Its enduring impact lies in democratizing access to , with thousands of graduates contributing to and underscoring its role in building a skilled managerial workforce. Today, it remains a of , endorsed by the CMI as a for managerial competence.

Doctor of Medical Science

The Doctor of Medical Science (DMSc), also abbreviated as DMS, is a professional doctoral degree specifically designed for certified physician assistants () seeking advanced clinical, , educational, and research skills to enhance their professional practice. This post-professional program builds on the master's-level training typically required for PA certification, focusing on , healthcare policy, and interdisciplinary collaboration to prepare graduates for roles in clinical , academia, administration, and . Unlike entry-level medical degrees such as the (MD), the DMSc emphasizes advanced application within the PA and does not confer independent prescribing authority beyond existing PA licensure. The degree emerged in the mid-2010s in response to the evolving demands of the healthcare workforce, particularly the need for PAs to assume greater amid physician shortages and expanding PA roles. The first PA-specific DMSc programs launched around 2016, with rapid growth following; as of mid-2025, at least 33 such programs were available , all accredited by regional bodies and tailored exclusively for PAs. These programs were developed by PA educators to address gaps in advanced training, drawing on the profession's of post-baccalaureate education since the . Early adopters included institutions like and , which prioritized online delivery to accommodate working professionals. DMSc programs are typically 100% online and asynchronous, allowing certified PAs to complete coursework part-time while maintaining employment; durations range from 12 to 36 months, often requiring 30–60 credit hours. Admission generally necessitates graduation from an Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant (ARC-PA)-accredited program, current National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants (NCCPA) or state licensure, a minimum GPA of 3.0, and submission of transcripts, a , and letters of recommendation. Some programs offer pathways for holders without a master's, while others require prior graduate-level . International and retired PAs are often eligible, with English proficiency tests for non-native speakers. Curricula emphasize practical application over basic sciences, integrating core topics such as advanced clinical decision-making, research methodology, ethics in healthcare administration, health economics, and quality improvement. Students select concentrations like medical education, population health, global health, sports medicine, or leadership, culminating in a capstone project or scholarly practicum that applies evidence-based solutions to real-world PA challenges. For instance, courses may cover comprehensive research methods for PAs, ethical leadership, and specialized tracks in emergency preparedness or concussion management, often awarding continuing medical education (CME) credits—up to 165 from the American Academy of Physician Associates (AAPA) in some programs. Quantitative outcomes include improved PA retention in leadership roles, with graduates reporting enhanced ability to influence policy and education. Graduates of DMSc programs pursue advanced positions such as clinical preceptors, program directors, healthcare administrators, researchers, or policy advocates, contributing to improved outcomes through PA-led initiatives. The elevates the profession's standing without altering clinical autonomy, aligning with trends toward doctoral-level preparation in allied fields. As of 2025, enrollment continues to expand, reflecting the PA profession's growth to over 190,000 certified practitioners in the U.S.

Medicine

Diploma in Medicine and Surgery

The Diploma in Medicine and Surgery (DMS) is a historical medical qualification primarily associated with , particularly , , and to a lesser extent , designed to train practitioners in basic clinical and surgical procedures. It emerged in the early as a response to the need for accessible in colonial and post-colonial settings, often serving as an alternative to full programs for regions with limited resources. In , the DMS was introduced to standardize training for licentiates, replacing earlier qualifications like the (LMS), and was typically a five-year program combining theoretical instruction, practical clinical training, and internships. In , the DMS was offered by institutions such as the Medical College in Madras (now ) starting in 1933, where it was inaugurated as a comprehensive covering , , , , , and , culminating in a that allowed graduates to practice as general physicians. Similar programs were established under state governments, including in , , and Orissa (now ), with the qualification abbreviated as D.M.S. followed by the state identifier. Recognition by the Medical Council (now ) varied by institution and era; for instance, the D.M.S. (Madras) was fully recognized without cutoff until later amendments, while others, like the D.M.S. (Madras) from the of Madras, were limited to diplomas granted on or before December 31, 1970. By the late , the DMS was phased out in favor of the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree, with remaining recognitions grandfathered for pre-1980s graduates to ensure continued practice rights. In (formerly Ceylon), the DMS, aligning with the Diploma of Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery (LMS), was awarded by the Ceylon Medical College, established under colonial rule, and qualified graduates to register as medical practitioners capable of handling general and minor surgical cases in underserved areas. The program emphasized community-oriented training, including and preventive care, and was a key pathway for local doctors until the mid-20th century when it transitioned to the MBBS framework under the . Diplomas from this institution were recognized internationally for a time, particularly within the Commonwealth, but are now obsolete, with historical holders retaining practice privileges. In , contemporary DMS courses, often lasting 1 to 4 years, are offered by private training institutes and focus on integrative or paramedical aspects of and , such as , , clinical practice, and , but lack formal recognition as primary medical qualifications by the Bangladesh Medical and Dental Council (BM&DC). These programs train medical assistants rather than independent physicians and are not equivalent to the MBBS, which remains the standard entry-level degree. Official BM&DC listings emphasize MBBS and postgraduate diplomas like those in gynecology or , indicating that modern DMS variants serve supportive roles in healthcare delivery.

Diffuse mesangial sclerosis

Diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS) is a rare glomerular characterized by diffuse mesangial matrix expansion and sclerosis, often presenting as a form of congenital or infantile . It primarily affects infants and young children, leading to heavy , , , and progressive renal dysfunction. The condition is histopathologically defined by widespread mesangial sclerosis with minimal mesangial cell proliferation and abnormalities, distinguishing it from other sclerosing glomerulopathies. The etiology of DMS is predominantly genetic, with mutations in key genes disrupting glomerular development and function. Recessive mutations in the PLCE1 gene, encoding phospholipase C epsilon-1, represent a major cause of isolated DMS, accounting for a significant proportion of non-syndromic cases by impairing signaling and filtration barrier integrity. Mutations in the WT1 gene, a critical for renal and gonadal embryogenesis, are associated with syndromic forms, such as Denys-Drash syndrome, which combines DMS with and genital anomalies. Less commonly, mutations in LAMB2, encoding laminin beta-2, link DMS to Pierson syndrome, featuring ocular abnormalities alongside renal involvement. Rare acquired factors, such as infection, have been implicated in some cases, though genetic defects predominate. More recently, as of 2023, mutations in the LAMA5 gene have been identified in additional cases of DMS. Clinically, DMS manifests early, often within the first year of life, with symptoms of nephrotic syndrome including generalized edema (anasarca), ascites, and facial puffiness due to severe proteinuria exceeding 3.5 g/day per 1.73 m² body surface area. Affected individuals may also experience hypertension, microscopic hematuria, and rapid decline in renal function, progressing to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) within months to a few years. In syndromic cases, additional features like developmental delays or tumors may appear. Diagnosis relies on renal biopsy, which reveals characteristic light microscopy findings of diffuse mesangial expansion by , thickening, and hypertrophy, with electron microscopy showing foot process effacement and mesangial deposition. typically shows absent or minimal mesangial cell proliferation (negative Ki-67 staining), aiding differentiation from . Genetic testing confirms mutations in PLCE1, WT1, LAMB2, or LAMA5, guiding syndromic evaluation and family counseling. Treatment is supportive, as DMS is generally resistant to immunosuppressive therapies like corticosteroids. Management focuses on controlling with diuretics, preventing with anticoagulation, and optimizing nutrition to address . inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers may reduce . As renal function deteriorates, is initiated, often followed by , which offers a favorable outcome in non-syndromic cases, though recurrence is rare. In syndromic forms, tumor is essential. The prognosis is poor, with most patients reaching ESKD by age 2–3 years and a high of complications like leading to mortality if untreated. Early genetic diagnosis may improve supportive care, but no curative therapies exist currently.

Military

Defense Message System

The Defense Message System (DMS) is a secure, global electronic messaging and directory services platform developed for the () to facilitate the exchange of both classified and unclassified messages among , organizations, allies, and contractors. It replaced legacy systems like the Automatic Digital Network (AUTODIN), which had been in operation since 1962, by providing a unified, writer-to-reader messaging that reduces costs, manpower requirements, and operational vulnerabilities associated with older technologies. DMS operates over DoD IP networks and supports standards such as for message handling and for directory services, enabling across diverse environments including fixed sites, tactical afloat units, and mobile forces. Initiated in 1988 by the (DISA), DMS was designed as a multi-phase program to modernize communications, with initial approval in May 1988 and the first major contract awarded in August 1995 after procurement delays. By February 1998, approximately $226 million had been obligated for development, targeting initial operational capability before January 1, 2000, and full operational capability by 2008. The system addressed AUTODIN's limitations, such as high annual operating costs exceeding $1 billion and staffing needs of around 20,000 personnel, by leveraging technologies and open standards like the Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile (GOSIP). Early challenges included technical issues with classified message processing and emergency action messages, prompting recommendations to maintain AUTODIN until DMS maturity. Architecturally, DMS employs a distributed model with messaging servers, directory services, and protocols to ensure , , , and . It integrates the Secure Data Network System (SDNS) Message Protocol for and uses the Information Systems Network (DISN) for transmission, supporting Allied Communications Publication 120 for international interoperability. Key features include user-friendly tools for message preparation, storage, retrieval, and distribution; guaranteed delivery with accountability; and interfaces for legacy via transition hubs like the National Gateway Center. The evolved to incorporate the Automated Message Handling (AMHS), enhancing integration with gateways for broader connectivity. Deployment began in earnest with DMS version 3.0 approved for fielding in July 2002, reaching over 700 sites worldwide across more than 40,000 organizations by 2003, including tactical implementations like "DMS Afloat" on U.S. vessels. AUTODIN was progressively downsized, closing to general messages on October 1, 2003, with full transition completed by the mid-2000s. As of 2025, DMS remains operational, integrated into architectures like the Defense Automatic Addressing System (DAAS) and used for reporting via secure channels, with ongoing maintenance under DISA oversight including recent overhaul contracts. It continues to support DoD's command, control, and information superiority objectives.

Digital Message System

The Digital Message System (DMS), designated AN/PSC-2, is a lightweight, handheld communications message processor developed for the and other military branches to facilitate secure, tactical digital messaging in the field. It enables operators to compose, edit, transmit, and receive formatted or free-text messages, including digitized map overlays, over radio or wire networks, supporting applications such as coordination, air support requests, reporting, and medical evacuations. Introduced in the 1980s as an evolution from earlier analog systems, the DMS enhances by allowing burst transmissions that minimize exposure to enemy detection and jamming. Key features of the AN/PSC-2 include its microprocessor-controlled design, which provides operator interaction via a 5x7-inch LED and alphanumeric keypad for message entry and review. It supports compatibility with Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) radios, such as the (SINCGARS), wire lines, and encryption devices, adhering to standards like (VMF) for DoD tactical messaging. The device incorporates error detection, correction, and address coding to ensure reliable delivery in netted or point-to-point configurations, with the PSC-2A variant offering expanded memory for longer messages. In terms of specifications, the DMS measures approximately 8.8 by 6.9 inches and weighs 5 pounds, powered by a 9-volt, 8-amp-hour or a 28-volt adapter for extended operations. Data transmission rates reach up to 2.4 kilobits per second in analog (FSK) mode over voice radios or 16 kilobits per second in digital mode via direct interfaces, with 128 kilobytes of internal memory for storing up to several dozen messages. Its rugged construction withstands field conditions, including shock, vibration, and environmental extremes, making it suitable for dismounted and forward observers. The DMS has been integral to U.S. military operations since the , where it processed requests and command updates over secure channels, integrating with systems like the battery computer system (BCS) for coordination. By the 1990s, it was standard equipment for radio operators, often paired with or VHF radios for beyond-line-of-sight communications, though it has largely been superseded by modern software-defined radios and networked systems like the (JTRS) and more recent (JADC2) architectures. Despite this, its legacy persists in training for legacy tactical data links and burst messaging techniques.

Business and industry

Dealership Management System

A (DMS) is an integrated software platform designed to streamline operations in automotive dealerships, encompassing functions such as inventory management, processing, , service scheduling, finance and insurance handling, parts control, and accounting. This centralized system serves as the operational backbone for dealerships, enabling data sharing across departments to improve efficiency and decision-making. By automating routine tasks and providing real-time analytics, a DMS helps dealerships manage acquisitions, transactions, claims, and with regulatory requirements. The origins of DMS trace back to the late 1970s, when dealerships began transitioning from paper-based records to computerized systems for basic functions like parts inventory and invoicing. The first comprehensive DMS platforms emerged in the early 1980s, integrating with and customer databases, marking a shift toward holistic oversight. Throughout the , the rise of the facilitated further evolution, incorporating web-based integrations and third-party tools for enhanced connectivity. Today, modern DMS solutions often feature cloud-based architectures, supporting mobile access, AI-driven insights, and direct customer interactions such as online bookings and payments. Core features of a DMS typically include modules for tracking stock levels and reordering, managing repair orders and scheduling in service bays, processing deals from sales to financing, and generating financial reports for and maintenance. Advanced systems also integrate with external platforms for digital retailing, such as online visibility and tools that analyze customer data for targeted marketing campaigns. For instance, management tools use historical data to forecast and optimize , while modules track histories to support loyalty programs. These capabilities reduce manual errors, accelerate transaction times, and provide dealerships with actionable metrics on performance metrics like conversion rates and throughput. In the United States, the DMS market reflects the sector's , valued at $3.63 billion in 2024 and projected to grow to $5.41 billion by 2034 at a (CAGR) of 4.1%, driven by increasing adoption of cloud-based and hybrid deployments amid rising demand for integrated, scalable solutions. Key growth factors include advancements in for and the automotive industry's shift toward electric vehicles, which necessitate enhanced data handling for compliance and . Dealerships from DMS implementations by achieving improvements in , as evidenced by reduced processing times for deals and service appointments in leading systems. However, challenges such as cybersecurity vulnerabilities and complexities with legacy systems persist, prompting ongoing innovations in secure, user-friendly platforms.

Distribution Management System

A Distribution Management System (DMS) is a structured encompassing processes, tools, and software designed to oversee the efficient flow of from suppliers or manufacturers through wholesalers, retailers, and ultimately to end consumers. It integrates elements of coordination, , and inventory control to ensure timely availability, minimize disruptions, and align with business objectives in competitive markets. In industry contexts, particularly for (FMCG) and wholesale operations, a DMS facilitates seamless interactions among stakeholders, reducing manual errors and enhancing overall visibility. Core components of a DMS include demand planning, which relies on historical sales data and to forecast needs; inventory management to maintain balanced stock levels and prevent overstocking or shortages; transportation for optimizing routes, modes, and carriers based on , speed, and environmental factors; and warehousing operations that support efficient storage, picking, and packing. serves as a critical , coordinating accurate , shipping, and tracking to meet expectations. Vendor and further bolsters the system by enabling collaborative data sharing and compliance with regulatory standards across the . The adoption of a DMS yields measurable benefits, including streamlined operations that cut lead times and operational costs by optimizing resource allocation. It enhances customer satisfaction through reliable delivery and product availability, while reducing waste from excess inventory or spoilage in perishable goods sectors. Businesses leveraging DMS report improved profitability, as automated tracking lowers shipping expenses and supports data-driven decisions for scaling distribution channels. Effective DMS strategies vary by industry but often emphasize selective for products, limiting outlets to specialized retailers like pharmacies for pharmaceuticals, or intensive for everyday items to maximize market coverage. In practice, wholesale distributors use DMS to manage large inventories and multi-channel , while FMCG firms integrate software for real-time sales tracking and route optimization, ensuring and agility in volatile markets. Continuous improvement, driven by analytics and , remains essential for adapting to challenges like global disruptions.

Other uses

Direct messages

Direct messages, commonly abbreviated as DMs, are private communication features embedded in social media platforms and dedicated messaging apps, allowing users to exchange text, media, and other content in one-on-one or group settings without public visibility. These features contrast with open posts or comments by restricting access to intended recipients, fostering personal interactions, professional networking, or . The origins of direct messaging lie in early computer-based chat systems from the 1970s, such as on the network in 1973, which enabled real-time private exchanges among multiple users. Widespread adoption began in the late 1990s with consumer services; Instant Messenger (), launched in 1997, introduced buddy lists and real-time private chats to millions, setting the template for modern DMs. followed with MSN Messenger in 1999, emphasizing multimedia sharing and status updates. As emerged in the mid-2000s, direct messages integrated into broader platforms to complement public feeds. (now X) added DMs in 2006, soon after its public launch, primarily for private replies to public tweets and evolving into full-featured chats. introduced its chat feature in 2008, which became the standalone app in 2011, supporting cross-platform messaging. introduced Direct messaging in 2013 initially for sharing photos and videos, with expansions including in 2016, group chats and voice notes around 2017, and video calls in 2018. Contemporary DM implementations vary by platform but share core functionalities like media attachments, read receipts, and privacy controls. On X, users can initiate one-on-one or group DMs (up to 256 members), send GIFs, videos, and edited messages (up to five edits per message), with options to pin conversations or enable messages from non-followers via verification settings. Instagram DMs incorporate vanish mode for self-deleting content, 24-hour notes for quick shares, and audio/video calls among up to eight people, emphasizing creative expression through stickers and custom backgrounds, with group chats supporting up to 250 participants (as of 2025). Platforms like , founded in 2009 and acquired by in 2014, prioritize for DMs, serving over 3 billion users globally (as of 2025) with features like disappearing messages and business APIs. As of 2025, DM features continue to evolve; for example, added message translations, scheduled messages, pinned content, and group chat QR codes to enhance connectivity and usability. Similarly, X fully implemented for DMs via XChat, merging all messages into a secure, unified inbox. In and contexts, direct messages enable targeted ; for instance, brands on use DMs for order confirmations and personalized promotions, with response times under 24 hours correlating to higher rates. However, they also raise issues, prompting features like message unsending and . Culturally, the "slide into the DMs," originating around 2011 on platforms like , describes initiating casual or romantic contact via private messages, underscoring their role in informal social dynamics.

Don't Mean Shit

In informal , particularly within casual online communication and messaging, DMS serves as an for "Don't Mean Shit." This usage conveys that a person, statement, achievement, or situation holds no or , often to express dismissal or indifference. The term appears in niche contexts, such as music and subcultural discussions, where it reinforces themes of irrelevance amid bravado or critique, though it remains a non-standard and colloquial expansion of the acronym rather than a formalized . Its adoption highlights the fluid nature of acronyms in digital , evolving from everyday expressions of contempt.