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Reflection

Reflection is the physical process by which a propagating wave, upon encountering a boundary between two dissimilar media, undergoes a change in direction such that it returns into the original medium from which it arrived, without alteration to its speed or wavelength within that medium.^[1] This redirection arises from the interaction of the wave's wavefront with the interface, governed by principles of wave interference and boundary conditions that favor continuity of the wave field.^[2] The phenomenon manifests across wave types, prominently in electromagnetic waves like light—enabling phenomena such as image formation in mirrors—and in mechanical waves like sound, producing echoes.^[3] The foundational law of reflection posits that the incident angle, measured from the perpendicular (normal) to the surface, equals the reflected angle, a relation empirically verified through experiments with light rays and derived from Fermat's principle of least time for ray paths.^[2] Reflections are classified as specular on smooth surfaces, yielding coherent, mirror-like images via phase-preserving bounces, or diffuse on irregular ones, where microscopic facets scatter rays multidirectionally, minimizing glare but obscuring direct imaging.^[4] Key applications underpin optics, acoustics, and seismology, from telescope mirrors exploiting specular reflection for high-fidelity imaging to seismic surveys using wave reflections to map subsurface structures.^[1] While idealized models assume elastic, lossless bounces, real-world reflections involve partial absorption and transmission, quantified by Fresnel coefficients that depend on media refractive indices and polarization, highlighting causal dependencies on material properties over simplistic geometric approximations.^[2] No major controversies attend the core mechanism, though debates persist in advanced contexts like quantum electrodynamics, where reflection emerges from probabilistic photon scattering rather than classical rays.^[3]

Physical sciences

Wave reflection in physics

Wave reflection occurs when a propagating wave encounters a boundary or interface between two media with differing acoustic or mechanical properties, such as density or elasticity, causing part of the wave to reverse direction and return into the original medium while the remainder may transmit or refract.^[5] This phenomenon is governed by the law of reflection, which states that the angle of incidence—measured from the normal to the boundary—equals the angle of reflection, ensuring the incident, reflected, and normal rays lie in the same plane.^[6] The law holds for all wave types, including electromagnetic, acoustic, and mechanical waves, as demonstrated empirically in experiments with light, sound, and water waves since the 19th century.^[7] The extent of reflection depends on the impedance mismatch at the boundary, where impedance Z is defined as Z = \rho v for mechanical waves, with \rho as density and v as wave speed; a larger mismatch yields a higher reflection coefficient R = \frac{Z_2 - Z_1}{Z_2 + Z_1}, approaching total reflection (R = [1](/page/1)) for extreme disparities, such as a wave on a taut string meeting a fixed end.^[8] For instance, in acoustic waves, reflection from a rigid wall produces near-total return due to high impedance contrast, enabling echoes observable at distances up to several kilometers in open air.^[7] In mechanical waves on a string or medium, reflection involves a phase shift determined by boundary conditions: a 180° (π radian) inversion occurs at a fixed (rigid) boundary, where displacement must be zero, inverting the waveform to satisfy continuity; conversely, no phase shift happens at a free boundary, where transverse force balances without displacement constraint.^[9] This inversion is empirically verified in string wave experiments, where pulses reflect upright from free ends but upside-down from fixed ends, contributing to standing wave patterns in instruments like guitars.^[10] For electromagnetic waves, such as light, a similar phase shift arises upon reflection from a medium of higher refractive index, underpinning interference in thin films.^[11] Total internal reflection, a special case, occurs when waves in a denser medium strike a rarer medium at an incidence angle exceeding the critical angle \theta_c = \sin^{-1}(n_2 / n_1), where n denotes refractive index, resulting in 100% reflection without transmission, as utilized in optical fibers since their development in the 1950s for signal transmission with minimal loss.^[12] These principles derive from Huygens's principle, positing that each wavefront point acts as a secondary source, with boundary interactions yielding reflected wavefronts parallel to the incident ones.^[13] Empirical validation spans from Newton's 1660s prism experiments on light to modern seismic wave analysis, where reflections reveal subsurface structures.^[14]

Formal sciences

Mathematical reflections

In Euclidean geometry, a reflection is an isometry that maps each point in a space to its mirror image across a fixed hyperplane, such as a line in two dimensions or a plane in three dimensions, with the hyperplane serving as the set of fixed points.^[15] This transformation produces a congruent figure that preserves distances and angles but reverses orientation, distinguishing it from rotations or translations.^[16] Reflections are involutions, meaning applying the transformation twice returns every point to its original position, as the composition yields the identity mapping.^[17] In coordinate geometry, reflections can be explicitly defined: for instance, reflection over the x-axis maps a point (x, y) to (x, -y), while reflection over the y-axis maps it to (-x, y); more generally, reflection over an arbitrary line requires rotating the line to align with an axis, applying the axial reflection, and rotating back.^[18] These operations maintain the shape and size of the figure, as they are rigid transformations, but they invert the handedness of chiral structures.^[16] In linear algebra, reflections generalize to Householder transformations, which reflect a vector across a hyperplane through the origin defined by a unit normal vector u; the reflected vector v' is given by v' = v - 2(u^T v)u.^[19] The corresponding Householder matrix H = I - 2uu^T is symmetric, orthogonal (H^T H = I), and has determinant -1, confirming its orientation-reversing property.^[20] These matrices are fundamental in numerical algorithms, such as QR decomposition, where successive Householder reflections triangularize a matrix while preserving its column space, enabling stable solutions to linear systems and eigenvalue problems.^[21] For example, in the QR factorization A = QR with Q orthogonal and R upper triangular, Householder reflections introduce zeros below the diagonal in each column iteratively.^[22] Reflections also underpin the structure of Coxeter groups, abstract groups generated by involutory reflections satisfying braid and commutation relations encoded in a Coxeter diagram.^[23] Finite Coxeter groups, such as dihedral groups in two dimensions or Weyl groups of Lie algebras, act as symmetry groups of regular polytopes or root systems, where reflections correspond to hyperplanes perpendicular to roots.^[24] These groups classify finite reflection groups via their Coxeter presentation, with the positive definiteness of the associated bilinear form ensuring finiteness and geometric realizability in Euclidean space.^[23] Applications extend to representation theory, where reflection representations capture the group's action on the ambient space.^[25]

Computational reflection

Computational reflection denotes the capacity of a computational system to represent its own processes as data, reason about them, and causally influence their ongoing execution, thereby enabling self-modification or adaptation at runtime.^[26]^[27] This mechanism contrasts with static compilation by allowing dynamic introspection and intervention, often through reification—converting active computations into manipulable structures—and reflection proper, where meta-level operations act upon those representations to alter behavior.^[28] The foundational work traces to Brian Cantwell Smith's 1982 MIT dissertation, Procedural Reflection in Programming Languages, which demonstrated how systems could consequentially reason about their inferential processes via bidirectional causal links between base and meta levels, applied initially to procedural languages like a variant of Lisp.^[27] Pattie Maes advanced the field in her 1987 paper "Concepts and Experiments in Computational Reflection," defining it as the reification of system states (e.g., procedure activations, bindings) into objects inspectable and modifiable by the program, with experiments in object-oriented prototypes illustrating interception of messages and dynamic rule application for fault tolerance and optimization.^[28] Implementations typically employ meta-level architectures, stratifying computation into base-level domain-specific operations and meta-level facilities for self-representation, often realized via meta-object protocols (MOPs) in object-oriented systems.^[29]^[30] MOPs expose customizable interfaces for core operations like object creation, method dispatch, and slot access, permitting runtime tailoring without recompilation; for instance, extensions to C via OpenC integrate MOPs to enable reflective interception in non-object-oriented codebases.^[30] These protocols support declarative and procedural reflection modes, where the former involves querying system properties and the latter enacting changes, with causality ensured through event-driven updates.^[26] Applications span adaptive systems, where reflection facilitates self-healing by diagnosing and repairing execution errors; meta-programming for domain-specific language extensions; and formal methods, as in proof assistants where compositional reflection automates tactic generation by reflecting over proof states to compose solvers efficiently.^[31]^[32] In aspect-oriented programming, reflection via MOPs weaves cross-cutting concerns like logging or security into base code dynamically, decoupling them from primary logic while preserving performance through selective interception.^[33] Challenges include overhead from meta-level indirection and ensuring consistency in self-modifications, prompting optimizations like non-restrictive protocols that minimize restrictions on customizable features.^[34]

Human sciences

Philosophical reflection

Philosophical reflection denotes the deliberate, introspective scrutiny of one's beliefs, experiences, and conceptual frameworks to uncover underlying truths or resolve inconsistencies, often commencing amid states of perplexity, wonder, or existential disruption that prompt reevaluation of presuppositions.^[35] This process contrasts with mere rumination by emphasizing systematic analysis aimed at foundational clarity, as seen in Descartes' conception of reflection as the clear and distinct apprehension of essences and their interconnections, which underpins his methodical doubt to secure indubitable knowledge against sensory deception.^[36] In phenomenology, Edmund Husserl advanced reflection as a rigorous bracketing (epoché) of everyday assumptions to access the essential structures of consciousness, enabling eidetic variation—systematically altering experiential data to isolate invariant features—thus grounding philosophy in direct intuitive grasp rather than empirical generalization or metaphysical speculation.^[37] Husserl's approach posits reflection not as passive observation but as an active attentional shift, wherein the reflecting ego examines lived phenomena without positing their external reality, revealing intentionality as the core of mental acts.^[38] Ethical philosophy employs reflective methods to harmonize abstract principles with concrete intuitions; John Rawls' reflective equilibrium, introduced in his 1971 work A Theory of Justice, involves iterative mutual adjustment between general moral rules and specific considered judgments until coherence emerges, serving to justify principles of justice amid diverse societal claims without relying solely on intuitionism or utilitarianism.^[39] This technique acknowledges the provisional nature of moral reasoning, requiring revision of outlier judgments or principles when tensions arise, and has influenced deliberative approaches in political theory by prioritizing stability over absolutism.^[40] Critics of reflective equilibrium, such as those noting its dependence on culturally contingent intuitions, argue it risks entrenching biases under the guise of balance, yet proponents maintain its procedural rigor fosters progress beyond dogmatic adherence, as evidenced in applications to bioethics where equilibrium resolves conflicts between autonomy and communal welfare.^[41] Across these traditions, philosophical reflection underscores causality in belief formation—tracing judgments to their origins—while demanding empirical-like verification through logical consistency, thereby distinguishing it from ideological rationalization.

Psychological reflection

Psychological reflection encompasses the cognitive and metacognitive processes through which individuals intentionally examine their own thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and experiences to gain deeper understanding, evaluate actions, and inform future decisions.^[42]^[43] This process interconnects thought with action, allowing for the modification of behaviors based on critical self-assessment rather than mere impulse.^[44] Unlike automatic or intuitive responses, reflective thinking involves deliberate pausing to analyze mental states, often drawing on available evidence or personal history to challenge assumptions.^[45] Central to psychological reflection is its overlap with metacognition, defined as awareness and control of one's cognitive processes, including monitoring thought patterns and strategies during tasks.^[46] Metacognitive reflection enables individuals to regulate emotions and cognition by interrupting habitual responses, fostering adaptive learning and problem-solving.^[47] For instance, in developmental contexts, reflective practices help construct meaning from experiences by integrating cognitive, emotional, and behavioral elements.^[48] Empirical research supports reflection's role in enhancing self-awareness and performance, with studies showing that trait self-reflection strengthens social identification and decision-making when tied to personally meaningful choices.^[49] In organizational settings, self-reflection promotes professionalism and resilience, though it can incur costs like increased anxiety if it veers into unproductive rumination.^[50]^[51] Longitudinal surveys indicate variability in reflective frequency across individuals, correlating with improved psychological well-being when balanced with action-oriented outcomes.^[52] Interventions promoting structured self-reflection, such as mindfulness-based approaches, have demonstrated gains in empathy and emotional regulation among clinicians.^[53] Reflexivity in psychological inquiry further extends this concept, involving recursive self-examination by researchers to mitigate biases in interpreting data, thereby enhancing the validity of findings on human cognition.^[54] Overall, while reflection aids causal understanding of personal causality—linking internal states to external results—its efficacy depends on context, with evidence favoring moderated application to avoid over-analysis.^[55]^[56]

Arts and culture

Film and television

Reflections in film frequently employ mirrors and glossy surfaces to symbolize psychological introspection, identity fragmentation, and duality, enabling viewers to glimpse characters' internal conflicts or hidden facets of personality.^[57] These elements draw from longstanding cinematic traditions, where mirrors underscore vanity or self-deception, as seen in classic Hollywood productions that used them to deepen character studies amid ornate set designs.^[58] In horror genres, reflections amplify terror by suggesting portals to alternate realities or distorted truths, heightening unease through visual uncanny effects.^[59] Cinematographers face technical hurdles in capturing reflections without exposing equipment, often employing perforated two-way mirrors, body doubles for off-angle shots, or post-production digital compositing to erase camera intrusions.^[60] For instance, in Contact (1997), filmmakers stitched blue-screen elements frame-by-frame to simulate seamless mirror interactions during a cabinet sequence.^[60] Such innovations allow dynamic tracking shots, as in Sucker Punch (2011), where duplicate sets and hidden cuts during 180-degree pans maintain illusion despite complex choreography.^[60] Prominent examples include the climactic hall-of-mirrors showdown in The Lady from Shanghai (1947), where infinite reflections evoke narrative confusion and betrayal amid fragmented identities.^[61] Jean Cocteau's Orphée (1950) innovates by rendering mirrors as liquid portals to the underworld, merging mythological retelling with practical effects for surreal transitions.^[61] In Raging Bull (1980), Jake LaMotta's stark mirror confrontations visualize his self-loathing and physical decline, culminating in raw, unfiltered self-scrutiny.^[57] More recent uses, like the pervasive dressing-room mirrors in Black Swan (2010), symbolize the protagonist's paranoia and hallucinatory breakdown, with shattering glass marking her psychological unraveling.^[61] Television adapts these motifs more episodically, often in psychological thrillers or supernatural series to probe character psyches, though documentation remains sparser than for film; reflective surfaces in shows like Criminal: UK (2019) employ remote rigs and rotoscoping for tense, confined interrogations that mirror suspects' fractured narratives.^[60]

Music

In music theory, reflection denotes structural mirroring, where melodic, harmonic, or intervallic elements are inverted or reversed to create symmetrical counterparts, akin to a geometric reflection. This technique appears in canons, where a mirror canon features one voice imitating the leader in contrary motion, rendering intervals upside-down as if viewed through a mirror placed between parts.^[62] Examples include Johann Sebastian Bach's canons in The Musical Offering (BWV 1079, 1747), which employ mirrored inversions to achieve contrapuntal complexity.^[63] In serial and twelve-tone composition, reflection manifests through retrograde inversion, combining interval inversion (reflection over an axial pitch) with retrograde order (reversal). Developed by Arnold Schoenberg in the early 1920s, this operation derives one of four basic row forms—prime, retrograde, inversion, and retrograde inversion—from a twelve-tone series, ensuring all pitches are treated equally without tonal hierarchy.^[64] Composers like Anton Webern applied it rigorously, as in his Variations for Orchestra (Op. 30, 1940), where mirrored forms generate thematic unity amid atonality.^[65] Estonian composer Arvo Pärt's Spiegel im Spiegel (1978) exemplifies reflective structure in tintinnabuli style, with the violin's ascending diatonic lines mirrored by the piano's descending triadic arpeggios, evoking infinite recursion like facing mirrors.^[66] The piece's additive melodic growth—starting with two notes and expanding stepwise—pairs with unchanging piano ostinati on A minor, creating perpetual descent that reflects the ascending violin phrases, a hallmark of Pärt's post-1976 minimalist idiom.^[67] Premiered in 1978 for violin and piano, it has been transcribed for diverse instruments and remains widely performed for its meditative symmetry.^[68] Mirror harmony, or negative harmony, extends reflection to chord progressions by inverting intervals around a central axis, transforming major to minor or vice versa; for instance, reflecting a C major triad (0-4-7 semitones) over axis 6 yields A minor (9-0-3, equivalent to 0-3-6 transposed).^[69] This approach, rooted in 19th-century theory but popularized by Jacob Collier in the 2010s, aids improvisation and composition in jazz and contemporary genres by providing symmetrical resolutions.^[70]

Visual and literary arts

In visual arts, reflections are rendered through techniques distinguishing highlights on curved glossy surfaces from extended images on flat ones, such as water or mirrors, to evoke glossiness, symmetry, or inversion while accounting for perceptual tolerances like the "Venus effect," where viewers accept inconsistent viewpoints for realism.^[71] Renaissance artists like Jan van Eyck incorporated convex mirror reflections in The Arnolfini Portrait (1434) to expand spatial depth and attest to painterly skill, symbolizing truth and fidelity in depiction.^[72] Parmigianino's Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror (c.1524) distorts the artist's form to probe identity and perspective, positioning the elongated hand protruding toward the viewer as a metaphor for artistic intrusion into reality.^[72] Baroque works advanced illusionistic uses, as in Diego Velázquez's Las Meninas (1656–1657), where a rear mirror reflects the king and queen, complicating observer-subject relations and layering depth beyond the canvas plane.^[72] Mirrors also connoted vanity and mortality; Pieter Codde's 1625 paintings depicted figures primping before reflections with moral undertones of transience, echoed in British School's Death and the Maiden (c.1570), where a skull appears in the glass as memento mori.^[72] In sculpture and installation, Michelangelo Pistoletto's Standing Man (1962, edition 1982) employs a mirrored backing to generate illusory depth, while Yayoi Kusama's Infinity Mirrored Room series (from 1965) deploys parallel mirrors and lights for boundless repetition, immersing viewers in perceptual infinity.^[73] Water reflections, as in Liliane Lijn's Liquid Reflections (1968), refract light via rotating discs to model dynamic cosmic effects.^[73] In literary arts, reflection manifests as motifs of mirrors symbolizing introspection, duality, or unvarnished truth, often contrasting literal images with psychological depths. Sylvia Plath's poem "Mirror" (1971) personifies a mirror and lake as unflinching observers, reflecting aging and loss without sentiment: "I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions," underscoring merciless self-confrontation.^[74] Thomas Hardy's "I Look into My Glass" (1898) portrays the mirror revealing bodily decay amid enduring inner passion, highlighting dissonance between physical and emotional states.^[75] Fairy tales like the Brothers Grimm's Snow White (1812) feature magic mirrors dispensing objective truths, such as "Mirror, mirror on the wall, who is the fairest of them all?," embodying vanity's peril and reality's inescapability.^[76] Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass (1871) inverts reflection into a portal for logical absurdities, mirroring Alice's world to explore identity fluidity and reversed causality.^[77] Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890) elevates the motif through a portrait serving as a soul's unchanging reflection, allowing Dorian's external youth to mask moral corrosion, critiquing hedonism's causal consequences.^[78] Self-reflection as thematic introspection permeates classics; Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre (1847) traces the protagonist's internal monologues on autonomy and ethics, fostering growth via candid self-scrutiny amid adversity.^[79] Authors like Jorge Luis Borges and Vladimir Nabokov recurrently deploy mirrors for infinite regressions and perceptual tricks, as in Borges's fictions where reflections question reality's boundaries, prioritizing symbolic over literal fidelity.^[80]

Miscellaneous uses

Reflection in education and practice

Reflective practice in education entails the systematic examination of one's teaching actions, decisions, and experiences to foster professional growth and improved instructional outcomes. Originating from John Dewey's 1910 conceptualization of reflective thought as "active, persistent and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it," this approach emphasizes evidence-based scrutiny over routine or habitual responses.^[81] Donald Schön extended this in his 1983 book The Reflective Practitioner, distinguishing reflection-in-action—real-time adjustments during teaching—and reflection-on-action—post-event analysis—to address the unpredictability of professional contexts.^[82] In teacher education and professional development, reflective practice is integrated through methods such as journaling, peer observations, and structured feedback sessions, enabling educators to align pedagogy with empirical research on learning. For instance, technical reflection involves evaluating instructional strategies against established findings in cognitive science and pedagogy, rather than unexamined traditions.^[83] Programs like those in higher education institutions often mandate reflective portfolios, where teachers document lesson outcomes, student responses, and revisions, promoting metacognitive awareness and adaptive expertise.^[84] Empirical studies indicate that such practices correlate with enhanced teacher self-efficacy; a 2019 analysis of teacher candidates found reflective exercises developed critical thinking and dispositions for classroom application.^[85] Evidence on effectiveness remains supportive but context-dependent, with meta-analyses revealing moderate positive effects on professional identity and learning outcomes. A 2022 systematic review of self-reflection interventions in education reported improvements in self-confidence and professional development, particularly when guided by structured prompts rather than unstructured rumination.^[86] Another 2021 meta-analysis of reflection interventions in higher education confirmed gains in academic performance and skill application, though outcomes varied by intervention design—collaborative reflections yielding stronger results than solitary ones.^[87] However, causal links are not uniform; some studies note limitations in low-stakes environments, where reflection may devolve into confirmation bias without external validation.^[83] In professional practice beyond initial training, reflection supports ongoing adaptation, as seen in initiatives like Australia's Strong Start Great Teachers program, which from 2015 onward embedded reflective cycles to meet diverse student needs through data-informed adjustments.^[88] Challenges include time constraints and resistance from practitioners favoring intuitive methods, underscoring the need for institutional support to sustain evidence-based implementation over performative compliance.^[89] Overall, when grounded in verifiable student data and peer scrutiny, reflective practice contributes to causal improvements in teaching efficacy, though its impact diminishes without rigorous measurement.^[90]

Modern applications in technology

In artificial intelligence, self-reflection techniques enable language agents to evaluate and refine their own outputs through verbal feedback, improving performance without altering model weights. The Reflexion framework, introduced in 2023, uses linguistic reinforcement where an agent generates self-critiques from past failures to guide future actions, achieving up to 91% success on coding tasks like AlfWorld and 22% gains on decision-making benchmarks such as HotPotQA.^[91] This approach draws from reinforcement learning principles but relies on natural language processing for iterative improvement, as demonstrated in empirical tests where agents outperformed baselines by learning from episodic memory of errors.^[91] Subsequent advancements, including reflection prompting in 2024, prompt large language models to review initial responses for accuracy and coherence, reducing hallucinations and enhancing reasoning in dynamic environments.^[92] Reflective practices in software engineering promote continuous learning by systematically analyzing project outcomes, a staple in agile methodologies since the early 2000s but refined in modern DevOps pipelines. Teams conduct retrospectives at sprint ends to dissect processes, identifying causal factors in successes or delays—such as code quality issues traced to insufficient testing—and implement actionable changes, yielding measurable productivity gains like 20-30% faster delivery cycles in adopting organizations.^[93] In work-based programs, students and professionals develop reflective habits through structured debriefs, fostering metacognitive skills that correlate with higher skill transfer from academia to industry, as evidenced in 2025 studies of software engineering curricula.^[94] These practices emphasize empirical review over assumption, countering biases in team dynamics by prioritizing data from metrics like defect rates and deployment frequencies.^[95] Emerging AI tools further integrate reflection to support human users in technology workflows, such as agents that simulate metacognition for debugging or design iteration. For instance, self-reflective AI agents in 2024 adaptations of Reflexion have been applied to adaptive robotics, where verbal self-assessment allows real-time adjustment to environmental changes, outperforming non-reflective models by 15-25% in navigation tasks.^[96] In human-AI collaboration, platforms employ reflection to audit algorithmic decisions, revealing biases in training data through iterative querying, though efficacy depends on prompt quality and model scale.^[97] These applications underscore reflection's role in causal analysis, enabling technology systems to evolve via evidence-based feedback loops rather than static rules.

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What Is Metacognition? How Does It Help Us Think?
Oct 9, 2020 · Metacognition is the practice of being aware of one's own thinking. Some scholars refer to it as “thinking about thinking.”
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What is metacognitive reflection? The moderating role of ... - Frontiers
Individuals who engage in metacognitive reflection have the capacity to pause and think, which bolsters their ability to effectively regulate their emotions and ...
[48]
Reflection as a tool for constructing meaning from experience
Oct 24, 2023 · Harvey et al. (2016) define reflection as the intentional process of engaging a student's cognitive, emotional, and physical capacities to ...
[49]
The Effect of Trait Self-Awareness, Self-Reflection, and Perceptions ...
Nov 30, 2017 · For example, individuals with higher levels of trait self-awareness may be more predisposed to engage in self-reflective reasoning, whereas for ...
[50]
Self-Reflection at Work: Why It Matters and How to Harness Its ...
Jan 23, 2023 · Here we synthesize research on the benefits and costs of self-reflection in organizational contexts and discuss the role that psychological ...
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[PDF] Enhancing Professionalism Through Self-Reflection - ResearchGate
In this article we review the actions that psychologists can take to improve their ability to self-reflect. These activities include building professional ...
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Contemporary self-reflective practices: A large-scale survey
Self-reflection is a complicated psychological process people experience in different frequencies and amounts. It can be a valuable part of many health ...
[53]
Reflective Skills, Empathy, Wellbeing, and Resilience in Cognitive ...
The study aimed to examine quantitative evidence of effects of comprehensive mindfulness-based SP/SR on self-reflection, empathy, psychological wellness, and ...
[54]
https://oxfordre.com/psychology/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.001.0001/acrefore-9780190236557-e-469
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[PDF] REFLECTION AND IMPULSE - Bertram Gawronski
In modem academic psychology, theories and research relating to impulse versus reflection are ubiquitous and prevalent in nearly every sub-discipline. In ...
[56]
[PDF] Cultivating Reflection and Metacognition - College of LSA
Reflection is an act of looking back in order to process experiences. Metacognition, a type of reflection, is a way of thinking about one's thinking in ...Missing: psychology | Show results with:psychology
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Cinema Through the Looking Glass: My Favorite Mirror Shots (Part 1)
Nov 24, 2023 · Mirrors carry much spiritual and psychological symbolism. They can show us who we are, allow us to look deep inside ourselves at the parts we try to hide.
[58]
Mirrors In Classic Hollywood Set Design: The Role Of Lighting And ...
Nov 6, 2024 · They were often used to represent the ideas of duality, self-reflection and vanity within the film. When a character looks into the mirror ...
[59]
https://warped-perspective.com/2014/08/reflecting-terror-mirror-culture-and-the-horror-genre/
[60]
The Infamous Mirror Shot: How Filmmakers Make Cameras Disappear
Jun 17, 2021 · Learn how filmmakers deal with and remove visible cameras when shooting mirror shots with these filmmaking hacks.
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The 20 Best Uses of Mirrors in Cinema History
Sep 13, 2016 · This list looks at the films that best used mirrors in effective, innovative, or striking ways. 20. Boogie Nights
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https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100200903
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Canon perpetuus from Musikalisches Opfer – Bach
Sep 30, 2021 · Although the canon has a mirrored part, the mirror shows a different musician, rather than the same one. Why? Because Bach made it easy for ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition<|separator|>
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34.1 Twelve-Tone Technique
The four types of row forms used in twelve-tone technique are prime (P), retrograde (R), inversion (I), and retrograde inversion (RI). The prime is the original ...
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34.1: Twelve-Tone Technique - Humanities LibreTexts
Jul 15, 2023 · The four types of row forms used in twelve-tone technique are prime (P), retrograde (R), inversion (I), and retrograde inversion (RI). The prime ...
[66]
Spiegel im Spiegel – Arvo Pärt Centre
The structure of the piece follows a strict formula, where no note is left to chance. The title directly reflects what is happening in the music: each ascending ...
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Spiegel im Spiegel – Arvo Pärt (analysis) - Any Old Music
Spiegel im Spiegel has many reflective qualities as if parts of it are in front of a mirror. The pairs of phrases, for instance, perpetually growing––like the ...Spiegel im Spiegel – Arvo Pärt... · Tintinnabuli in Spiegel im... · Parallel 3rds
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Arvo Pärt's Spiegel im Spiegel reflects like infinite mirrors - The Tech
Jan 9, 2025 · The complex emotions that the composition captures, from yearning to introspection, allows it to have endless interpretations.
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Mirror chords theory - Music Stack Exchange
Mar 10, 2018 · Mirror chords use an axis of symmetry to find a mirror image of a pitch. For example, C inverts to D around G, which is a perfect fifth above G.Missing: reflection composition
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Mirror Harmony Modes/scale
Mirror harmony modes are created by inverting major scale modes, resulting in symmetrical reflection. Examples include Lydian-Locrian, Ionian-Phrygian, and ...
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Reflections in art - PMC - PubMed Central - NIH
When we consider reflections, it is helpful to divide them into two types: highlights on curved, glassy surfaces, and extended reflections on flat reflecting ...
[72]
Reflections on the mirror in art | Art UK
Jan 14, 2022 · Mirrors in art can represent self, truth, illusion, and vanity. They are used for self-portraits, to show depth, and to create visual illusions.
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Reflection Coursework Guide - Tate
Artists use reflections in self-portraits, with mirrors in gallery, as sculptural material, and in water, to create a sense of infinity.
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Mirror: Motifs - SparkNotes
The mirror and the lake both have reflective surfaces, but they reflect—and reflect on—the world in slightly different ways.
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Ten of the best mirrors in literature | Books | The Guardian
Oct 30, 2010 · "I Look into My Glass", by Thomas Hardy For the ageing poet, a mirror is a cruel thing. "I look into my glass, / And view my wasting skin, / ...
[76]
Magic Mirrors in Fairy Tales: A Reflection on a Timeless Symbol
Perhaps this is the real reason why mirrors are a symbol of truth: their cold, hard reflections leave little room for imagining away reality. And that's the ...
[77]
Mirrors in culture: Symbolism and myths around the world
Jun 3, 2024 · In literature, mirrors often symbolise introspection and self-awareness. An example is Lewis Carroll's Alice on the Other Side of the Mirror ...
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The Mirrors are the Windows to the Soul - Issuu
This essay focuses on why this “mirror motif” works so well, using The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde as an example.<|separator|>
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5 Life-Changing Classics That Will Transform the Way You See the ...
Feb 18, 2025 · Themes of independence, passion, and self-awareness. If you enjoy ... Jane Eyre is a novel of self-discovery, defiance, and personal growth.
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[PDF] MIRRORS IN THE FICTION OF BORGES AND NABOKOV by JAMIE ...
Moreover, they favor imagery to symbolism. One of the most prevalent images employed by these authors is the mirror.
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Reflection, learning and education - infed.org
Dewey defined reflective thought as 'active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that ...
[82]
3.2 The Beginning of Theories & Models of Reflective Practice
The fundamental theories and models of reflection and reflective practice were born initially from the work of Dewey and Schön.
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Reflective Practices in Education: A Primer for Practitioners - PMC
As such, reflective practitioners are able to have honest and informed discussions with their students who may be confused or unhappy with a particular decision ...
[84]
Reflective Teaching | Poorvu Center for Teaching and Learning
Reflective teaching refers to the practice of evaluating one's own pedagogy, examining curricular choices, considering student feedback, and making revisions to ...
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[PDF] The Impact of Reflective Practice on Teacher Candidates' Learning
May 5, 2019 · Reflective practice facilitates the development of new knowledge, skills, and dispositions in teacher candidates by fostering critical ...
[86]
A Systematic Review of the Outcomes, Level, Facilitators ... - Frontiers
Both meta-analysis and meta-synthesis results revealed self-reflection enhanced self-confidence, professional identity, and professional development as well as ...
[87]
How should reflection be supported in higher education? — A meta ...
The present study adopted a meta-analytic approach to evaluate reflective interventions that were conducted with the intention to promote learning outcomes ...
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Reflective practice - NSW Department of Education
Jan 6, 2025 · Reflective practice provides a means for teachers to improve their practice to effectively meet the learning needs of their students.
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Exploring the outcomes of a reflective teaching strategy with students
Jul 4, 2023 · The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an evidence-based reflection intervention to clarify and support student reflective practice.Missing: effectiveness | Show results with:effectiveness
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systematic reflection of teaching behaviour and changes in student ...
Sep 4, 2023 · Empirical evidence accordingly showed that prior educational experiences in private or professional contexts had an important and positive ...
[91]
Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learning
Mar 20, 2023 · We propose Reflexion, a novel framework to reinforce language agents not by updating weights, but instead through linguistic feedback.
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Reflexion | Prompt Engineering Guide
Self-Reflection: Generates verbal reinforcement cues to assist the Actor in self-improvement. This role is achieved by an LLM and provides valuable feedback ...
[93]
Embedding Reflection and Learning into Agile Software Development
Oct 26, 2014 · Using reflective practice, agile developers can determine the degree to which the process, or aspects of it, can be expanded, adapted, altered, ...
[94]
The Development of Reflective Practice on a Work-Based Software ...
Apr 29, 2025 · This study examines the development of reflective practice among students in an undergraduate work-based Software Engineering program.
[95]
Fostering Continuous Learning and Growth Through Reflective ...
Jan 5, 2025 · Reflective practices, as outlined in this article, offer a structured approach for teams to examine experiences, analyze their outcomes, and ...
[96]
AI Agents that “Self-Reflect” Perform Better in Changing Environments
Jul 6, 2023 · Stanford researchers invented the “curious replay” training method based on studying mice to help AI agents successfully explore and adapt to changing ...
[97]
The cognitive mirror: a framework for AI-powered metacognition and ...
Oct 8, 2025 · It becomes a clear mirror for self-reflection. This study outlines the conceptual framework and describes an initial prototype implementation.