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Tang

The Tang dynasty (618–907 CE) was an imperial dynasty of China founded by Li Yuan, who proclaimed himself Emperor Gaozu after overthrowing the preceding Sui dynasty amid widespread rebellion against its harsh policies and failed military campaigns.^[1] It is widely regarded by historians as a golden age of Chinese civilization, characterized by territorial expansion to include much of Central Asia, economic prosperity driven by the Silk Road trade and agricultural innovations like the equal-field system, and a cosmopolitan culture that integrated influences from Persia, India, and Central Asia through the capital Chang'an, one of the world's largest cities at the time.^[2]^[3] Under emperors like Taizong (r. 626–649), who consolidated power through military reforms and merit-based bureaucracy, the dynasty achieved military dominance, subduing nomadic threats and establishing protectorates in the Tarim Basin and beyond, while fostering advancements in poetry, painting, and technology such as woodblock printing.^[4]^[1] The era saw the only female ruler in Chinese imperial history, Wu Zetian (r. 690–705 as emperor), who briefly interrupted Tang rule with her Zhou dynasty but promoted Buddhism, expanded the civil service exams, and stabilized the realm before restoring the Li family.^[2] Cultural flourishing peaked with poets like Li Bai and Du Fu, whose works defined classical Chinese literature, amid a tolerant religious landscape that included Daoism, Confucianism, and foreign faiths like Nestorian Christianity and Manichaeism.^[3] The dynasty's decline accelerated after the An Lushan Rebellion (755–763), a devastating civil war led by a frontier general that halved the population through warfare, famine, and disease, exposing weaknesses in centralized control and reliance on eunuchs and regional warlords.^[1] Subsequent emperors struggled with factional strife, fiscal strain from military overextension, and Huang Chao's peasant uprising (874–884), culminating in the dynasty's collapse in 907 amid fragmentation into the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.^[4] Despite these upheavals, Tang innovations in governance, such as refined legal codes and administrative efficiency, influenced successor states and left a legacy of artistic and intellectual achievement that shaped East Asian history.^[2]

Chinese Historical Entities

Tang Dynasty

The Tang dynasty (Chinese: 唐朝; pinyin: Tángcháo) ruled China from 618 to 907 CE, succeeding the Sui dynasty after a period of unification and internal strife. Founded by Li Yuan, who proclaimed himself Emperor Gaozu amid the collapse of Sui authority, the dynasty established its capital at Chang'an (modern Xi'an), which became a major cosmopolitan center facilitating trade along the Silk Road.^[3]^[5] The era is often characterized as a golden age due to territorial expansion, administrative innovations, and cultural flourishing, with the empire extending influence into Central Asia, Korea, and Vietnam through military campaigns and diplomacy.^[6]^[7] Early emperors consolidated power effectively; Li Shimin (Emperor Taizong, r. 626–649 CE) expanded the empire's borders and reformed the bureaucracy by emphasizing merit-based examinations and equal-field land distribution to bolster agricultural output and tax revenue.^[8] Subsequent rulers like Emperor Gaozong (r. 649–683 CE) maintained stability, though the influence of Empress Wu Zetian, who briefly interrupted the dynasty as the only female emperor in Chinese history (r. 690–705 CE), marked a period of political intrigue before the Li family's restoration.^[8] The dynasty's governance featured a centralized bureaucracy with three departments (administration, review, and secretariat) and six ministries, promoting efficiency and reducing corruption through institutional checks.^[3] Economically, the Tang prospered through agricultural reforms, canal expansions from the Sui era, and vibrant trade networks that imported luxuries like horses and exported silk and porcelain, fostering urban growth and a merchant class.^[3] Military strength derived from the fubing system, a militia of farmer-soldiers rotated for service, enabling conquests that secured tribute from nomadic groups and established protectorates in the Tarim Basin.^[5] Culturally, the period saw advancements in poetry (e.g., works by Li Bai and Du Fu), painting, and Buddhism's peak influence, with state patronage of monasteries and the translation of scriptures; printing techniques emerged late in the dynasty, aiding knowledge dissemination.^[7] Social mobility increased via the imperial examination system, allowing commoners entry into officialdom based on Confucian scholarship.^[9] The An Lushan Rebellion (755–763 CE), led by the general An Lushan against Emperor Xuanzong's court favoritism and frontier militarization, devastated the empire, causing an estimated 13–36 million deaths through warfare, famine, and disease, and fracturing central authority as regional warlords gained autonomy.^[10]^[11] Despite suppression with Uighur allies, the uprising exposed vulnerabilities in the fubing system, leading to reliance on professional armies loyal to governors rather than the throne.^[12] Subsequent eunuch interference in politics, excessive taxation to fund campaigns, and natural disasters like floods exacerbated economic decline, eroding fiscal stability.^[13] By the late 9th century, eunuch cliques and military governors (jiedushi) dominated, culminating in the deposition of the last emperor, Ai of Tang, by Zhu Wen in 907 CE, who founded the Later Liang dynasty and ushered in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of fragmentation.^[14] The dynasty's fall stemmed from overextension, internal power shifts post-rebellion, and failure to reform amid growing warlordism, though its administrative and cultural legacies influenced subsequent eras.^[15]^[13]

Pre-Imperial Tang States

The State of Tang (唐國 Táng Guó) was an early vassal state of the Western Zhou dynasty, enfeoffed in the 11th century BCE to Tang Shuyu, a son of King Cheng of Zhou, in the region of present-day southern Shanxi province near the Fen River valley.^[16] This enfeoffment followed the defeat of the Xianyun nomads, granting Tang control over fertile lands previously under Zhou oversight, with its capital initially at Tang (modern Yicheng) before shifting to Jiang (near modern Taiyuan).^[16] The state's establishment reflected Zhou's strategy of distributing territories to royal kin to secure loyalty and administer border areas against northern threats. Under early rulers like Tang Shuyu (r. ca. 1067–1001 BCE) and his successors, Tang maintained a defensive posture, focusing on agriculture, bronze production, and alliances with neighboring states such as Guo and Huo.^[16] By the reign of Marquis Li (r. ca. 857–832 BCE), the state expanded through military campaigns, absorbing smaller polities and adopting the name Jin (晉國) around 857 BCE to signify its growing power and shift toward a more aggressive regional role.^[16] This renaming marked Tang's transition from a minor fief to a dominant power in the Yellow River basin, with territory encompassing over 1,000 square kilometers by the Spring and Autumn period (771–476 BCE).^[16] As Jin, the former Tang state rose to prominence during the Spring and Autumn period, becoming one of the era's strongest powers under leaders like Duke Wen of Jin (r. 636–628 BCE), who achieved hegemony by defeating Chu at the Battle of Chengpu in 632 BCE and leading coalitions against northern Rong tribes. Jin's military innovations, including large chariot armies numbering up to 1,000 vehicles, and diplomatic maneuvers solidified its control over central plains tributaries, contributing to Zhou's nominal overlordship. Internal factionalism among the elite clans—Huan, Fan, and Xi—led to civil strife, culminating in the "Three Families' Partition" in 453 BCE, where the Han, Zhao, and Wei families eliminated rivals and divided Jin's lands, formally recognized by Zhou in 403 BCE. This event ended the state of Jin (and its Tang origins), fragmenting it into the Three Jins, which played key roles in the Warring States period until Qin's unification in 221 BCE. Minor polities bearing the Tang name existed concurrently or later, such as a Tang state in modern Henan during the Eastern Zhou, but these were short-lived and subordinate, lacking the scale or influence of the Shanxi-based Tang/Jin. Archaeological evidence from sites like Houma in Shanxi reveals Jin's administrative sophistication, including oracle bone inscriptions and ritual bronzes affirming its continuity from Tang foundations.^[16] The legacy of this pre-imperial Tang persisted in nomenclature, as the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE) drew its name from Li Yuan's title as Duke of Tang, evoking the ancient state's prestige in the same region.^[17]

Food and Beverages

Tang (Powdered Drink Mix)

Tang is a fruit-flavored powdered beverage mix invented in 1957 by food scientist William A. Mitchell at General Foods Corporation and first marketed to consumers in 1959 as an orange-flavored breakfast drink.^[18] The product was designed for convenience, offering a shelf-stable alternative to fresh orange juice with added vitamin C to combat deficiencies, dissolving easily in water to produce a ready-to-drink beverage.^[19] Initial sales were modest, but its powdered form and nutritional fortification positioned it as a practical option for households seeking quick preparation without refrigeration.^[20] The product's association with NASA's space program significantly elevated its profile, beginning with its inclusion on John Glenn's Mercury-Atlas 6 mission in 1962, where it served as a lightweight, stable source of hydration and vitamins for astronauts.^[21] Contrary to popular myth, NASA did not invent Tang; General Foods supplied it as one of several commercial products tested for space suitability due to its ease of storage and reconstitution in zero gravity.^[20] This endorsement led to widespread marketing tying Tang to space exploration, boosting U.S. sales and embedding it in cultural memory as an "astronaut drink," though its use in later missions like the Space Shuttle era was limited compared to other beverages.^[19] Ownership of the Tang brand transferred through corporate changes: General Foods merged into Kraft Foods, which spun off Mondelēz International in 2012, granting Mondelēz rights in most global markets while Kraft Heinz retained North American distribution.^[22] Available in over 30 countries, Tang offers flavors such as orange, lemon, grape, and region-specific variants like mango or peach, tailored to local tastes and often fortified with additional minerals.^[23] Global sales reached $750 million in 2009, primarily from emerging markets in Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe, peaking at over $1 billion annually by 2011 before stabilizing around $700 million.^[24]^[25] Compositionally, a typical 8-ounce serving of prepared Tang contains about 93% sugar by dry weight, along with citric acid, artificial colors (e.g., Yellow 5 and Red 40), flavors, and preservatives, delivering 100% of the daily recommended vitamin C but minimal other nutrients.^[26]^[27] Critics, including nutritionists, highlight its high added sugar (around 29 grams per serving) as a health risk, potentially contributing to obesity, dental issues, and blood sugar instability when consumed regularly as a juice substitute, with artificial additives raising separate concerns about long-term effects despite regulatory approval.^[28]^[29] Product recalls, such as Kraft Heinz's 2018 action on select batches due to possible glass or metal contamination, underscore manufacturing risks, though no widespread safety failures have been documented.^[30]

Tang in Culinary Contexts

In culinary terminology, tang denotes a sharp, distinctive, and often lingering flavor profile characterized by pungency or acidity, evoking a bright, piercing sensation on the palate. This quality arises primarily from acidic compounds that stimulate taste receptors, distinguishing it from mere sourness by its complexity and ability to enhance underlying flavors without overwhelming them.^[31]^[32] The sensation of tang typically stems from organic acids prevalent in ingredients or produced through processes like fermentation. Citric acid, abundant in citrus fruits such as lemons and oranges, imparts a fresh, zesty tang that diminishes upon heating due to molecular breakdown. Acetic acid from vinegar or fermented sources delivers a sharper, vinegary edge, while lactic acid in yogurt, buttermilk, or aged cheeses contributes a milder, creamy tang. Malic acid in underripe fruits like green apples adds a crisp bite, and tartaric acid in grapes supports the tang in wines and reductions. Fermentation amplifies tang by converting sugars into these acids; for instance, sauerkraut derives its characteristic tang from lactic acid bacteria acting over days to weeks, yielding pH levels around 3.5-4.0.^[33]^[34] In cooking, tang serves to balance richer elements like fats, salts, and sweets, preventing monotony and elevating dish harmony—a principle rooted in flavor contrast. Chefs deploy it in vinaigrettes, where vinegar or citrus cuts through oil for emulsion stability; in marinades, as acetic acid tenderizes proteins via pH reduction below 4.6; or in sauces like beurre blanc, where lemon juice counters butter's richness. It also preserves foods by inhibiting microbial growth, as seen in pickling brines with 5% acetic acid concentrations. Overuse risks masking subtleties, but precise application—such as a dash of verjus in reductions—brightens meats or vegetables without dominating.^[35]^[34] Examples abound across global cuisines: In Mediterranean fare, tzatziki's yogurt-laced tang from lactic acid complements grilled lamb; Southeast Asian nam pla (fish sauce) blends fermented tang with umami in curries; and in American barbecue, vinegar-based sauces provide tangy counterpoint to smoked pork, with recipes specifying 1-2 tablespoons per cup of base for optimal pH balance. Fermented kimchi in Korean dishes offers a spicy tang from gochugaru and lactic fermentation, peaking after 3-5 days at 20-25°C. These applications underscore tang's versatility in amplifying freshness and structure in both savory and sweet contexts, such as lemon curd where citric acid gels proteins at 1:1 sugar ratios.^[34]^[35]

Geographical Locations

Locations in Europe

Tang is a small village in County Westmeath, Ireland, positioned along the N55 national secondary road connecting Athlone to Ballymahon in neighboring County Longford.^[36] The settlement lies at approximately 53°32′6″N 7°47′13″W and at an elevation of 41 meters, characteristic of the region's oceanic climate.^[37] As a half-parish, it encompasses rural areas with limited infrastructure, primarily serving local agricultural communities without notable urban development or historical landmarks documented in geographic records.^[36] In Denmark, Tang denotes a populated locality within Lemvig Municipality in the Central Denmark Region, situated in Jutland at coordinates 56°31′00″N 8°25′59″E and an elevation of 31 meters.^[38] This rural hamlet near Gudum features flat terrain typical of western Jutland, with no significant population data or economic hubs reported, aligning with Denmark's dispersed rural settlements. Local geography supports modest farming and proximity to coastal influences, though it lacks prominence in national records beyond basic cartographic notation.^[39]

Locations in Asia

Tang Valley, located in Bhutan's Bumthang District, lies approximately 11 kilometers northeast of Jakar town along a side road off the main Bumthang-Ura highway. The valley features traditional Bhutanese rural landscapes, including barley fields, pine forests, and several ancient monasteries such as Pema Tekchok Choling and Zangdo Pelri, with elevations reaching around 2,800 meters.^[40] In China, Tang'an Village in Liping County, Guizhou Province, serves as a preserved Dong ethnic minority settlement, noted for its primitive architecture, drum towers, and stone rice terraces spanning over 200 mu (about 13.3 hectares). Established centuries ago, it exemplifies traditional Dong stilt houses and water mills, with a population of around 200 households as of recent records.^[41] Tangmo Ancient Village in Huangshan City, Anhui Province, dates its origins to the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) and is designated as a national 5A-level tourist site, renowned for its shuikou (waterfront) gardens and huizhou-style architecture integrated with waterways. Covering 2.5 square kilometers, it includes over 200 well-preserved residences and ancestral halls from the Ming and Qing dynasties, reflecting water management systems like sluice gates and stone bridges.^[42] Smaller localities named Tang appear in Pakistan, such as a village in Sialkot District, Punjab Province, situated at coordinates 32°22'0"N 74°34'0"E amid agricultural terrain. Similarly, a locality exists in Lowgar Province, Afghanistan, at 34°11'45"N 69°46'8"E, in a mountainous region southeast of Kabul.^[43]^[44]

Other Locations

Tang is a locality in Upper Nile State, South Sudan, positioned near the settlements of Wunkwil and Nyabiong.^[45] In Oceania, Tangiwai constitutes a rural community within New Zealand's Ruapehu District in the Manawatū-Whanganui region. The area became historically significant following the Tangiwai disaster on December 24, 1953, when a lahar originating from Mount Ruapehu's crater lake breached a rail bridge, leading to the derailment of a Wellington-to-Auckland passenger train and the loss of 151 lives out of 285 passengers and crew.^[46] A memorial at the site commemorates the event, highlighting the geological hazards associated with the region's volcanic activity.^[46]

Personal Names

Tang as a Surname

Tang is the standard pinyin romanization for the Chinese surnames 唐 (Táng) and 湯 (Tāng), both of ancient origin and prevalent among Han Chinese populations.^[47] The more common variant, Táng (唐), traces its roots to the ancient fiefdom of Tang (唐國), a small state during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1046–256 BCE) located in present-day Yicheng County, Shanxi province; this territory was granted to Di Ao, a descendant of the legendary emperor Zhuanxu, and later associated with the lineage of Emperor Yao, establishing the surname among noble clans.^[47] The character 唐, meaning an open expanse or ancient place name, lent its name to the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE), though the ruling Li family derived the dynastic title from their ancestral ties to the Tang fief rather than bearing the surname themselves.^[48] The less frequent Tāng (湯) originates from the posthumous title Cheng Tang (成湯), held by Lü (c. 1670–1587 BCE), the founder of the Shang dynasty, whose name incorporated the character 湯, denoting hot water or broth in ancient usage.^[48] This surname emerged among descendants or officials linked to the Shang royal house, with the character later adopting literal meanings related to soup in classical texts.^[47] Both forms appear in historical records from the Spring and Autumn period onward, with Táng gaining prominence through regional affiliations in northern China before spreading southward via migration.^[49] In contemporary distribution, the surname Tang (encompassing both characters) is borne by over 12 million individuals in China, ranking among the top 30 surnames there, with significant concentrations in provinces like Guangdong and Fujian due to historical emigration patterns.^[50] ^[49] Overseas, it is common among Chinese diaspora communities, particularly in Southeast Asia and North America; in the United States, it ranked as the 1,108th most common surname in the 2010 census, with 34,961 bearers, over 93% identifying as Asian or Pacific Islander.^[51] ^[52] Variants occur in other languages, such as Vietnamese Đường (for 唐) or Korean Dang, reflecting Sinospheric influences, though these are distinct in pronunciation and cultural context.^[47]

Notable Individuals

Tang Yin (1470–1524), courtesy name Bohu, was a scholar, painter, calligrapher, and poet of the Ming dynasty, renowned for his landscape paintings, figure studies, and verses that often conveyed themes of personal struggle, solitude, and fleeting pleasure.^[53]^[54] Despite early academic promise, including topping provincial examinations in 1499, his career was derailed by a bribery scandal involving examination officials, leading him to pursue art full-time in Suzhou.^[54] Henry Tang Ying-yen (born September 6, 1952) is a Hong Kong businessman and politician who served as Chief Secretary for Administration from 2007 to 2011, overseeing policy coordination, and as Financial Secretary from 2003 to 2007, managing fiscal matters during economic recovery post-SARS.^[55]^[56] A member of the Executive Council since 1991, he later chaired the West Kowloon Cultural District Authority, advancing arts infrastructure projects.^[57] Audrey Tang (born 1981), also known as Audrey Tang Shu-ying, is a Taiwanese software engineer and politician who served as Minister without Portfolio in the Ministry of Digital Affairs from 2016 to May 2024, pioneering initiatives in civic tech, open data, and digital resilience against misinformation.^[58]^[59] Starting as a child prodigy hacker contributing to Perl and Ubuntu projects by age 11, she advocated for collaborative governance models, including the vTaiwan platform for public policy deliberation.^[60]

Naval and Military Uses

USS Tang (Submarine)

USS Tang (SS-306) was a Balao-class diesel-electric submarine constructed by the Mare Island Navy Yard in Vallejo, California. She was laid down on 15 January 1943, launched on 17 August 1943, and commissioned on 15 October 1943 with Lieutenant Commander Richard H. O'Kane in command.^[61] Designed for extended underwater operations in the Pacific Theater, Tang displaced 1,870 tons on the surface and 2,391 tons submerged, with a length of 311 feet 7 inches and a top speed of 20.25 knots surfaced.^[61] During World War II, Tang completed five war patrols from bases in Hawaii, establishing a record of combat effectiveness unmatched by any other U.S. submarine. She was officially credited with sinking 31 Japanese merchant and naval vessels totaling 227,800 gross register tons, along with damaging two others for 4,100 tons.^[62] Her first patrol, from 22 January to 25 February 1944 in the Caroline and Mariana Islands, resulted in five sinkings, including the cargo ships Gyoten Maru and Fukuyama Maru. The second patrol, from 16 March to 22 May 1944 near the Palaus, Davao Gulf, and Truk, yielded no confirmed sinkings but involved rescuing 22 downed U.S. aviators. The third patrol, from 8 June to 28 July 1944 in the East China and Yellow Seas, was among the most destructive U.S. submarine operations of the war, sinking ten ships for 39,160 tons, such as the troop transport Tamahime Maru. The fourth patrol, from 31 July to 3 September 1944 off Honshu, accounted for five more sinkings, including the transport Tsukushi Maru (8,135 tons).^[61]^[63] On her fifth and final patrol, beginning 24 September 1944 from Pearl Harbor with a refueling stop at Midway, Tang targeted shipping in the Formosa Strait. She sank the freighters Joshu Go, Oita Maru, Kogen Maru, and Matsumoto Maru early in the patrol. On 24 October 1944, after expending 24 torpedoes successfully, O'Kane fired the submarine's last Mark 18 electric torpedo at a distant transport. The weapon malfunctioned, executing a circular run and striking Tang's starboard side near the aft torpedo room at approximately 180 feet depth, detonating and flooding the vessel. The submarine sank rapidly in the Taiwan Strait off Turnabout Island, China, with 69 of her 78 crew members lost. Nine survivors, including O'Kane, reached shore in a rubber raft after a 22-hour swim against currents and cold, only to be captured by Japanese patrol forces; eight were imprisoned, and O'Kane endured captivity until war's end.^[61]^[62]^[63] Tang received two Presidential Unit Citations and four battle stars for her service. O'Kane was awarded the Medal of Honor on 26 March 1946 for "conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity" during the third through fifth patrols, particularly for pressing aggressive attacks despite risks. The submarine was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 8 February 1945. Postwar analyses, including Joint Army-Navy Assessment Committee reviews, adjusted some wartime claims downward due to overestimations of tonnage and hits, but Tang's operational record remained exemplary in disrupting Japanese supply lines.^[61]^[62]

Other Vessels

USS Tang (SS-563) served as the lead ship of the Tang-class diesel-electric attack submarines, representing the U.S. Navy's initial postwar effort to develop high-speed hunter-killer submarines capable of speeds exceeding 18 knots submerged. Her construction contract was awarded to Portsmouth Naval Shipyard on May 16, 1947; keel laid April 18, 1949; launched June 19, 1951; and commissioned October 25, 1951. The vessel displaced 1,915 tons surfaced and 2,450 tons submerged, with a length of 270 feet and a crew of approximately 7 officers and 52 enlisted. She conducted training and fleet operations primarily along the U.S. East Coast and in the Mediterranean until her decommissioning in 1980, after which she was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on August 6, 1987, and transferred to Turkey as TCG Preveze (S-353) on August 17, 1987.^[64] The third U.S. Navy vessel to bear the name Tang, designated SSN-805, is a Block V Virginia-class nuclear-powered fast-attack submarine under construction for multi-mission roles including anti-submarine warfare, strike warfare, and intelligence gathering. Secretary of the Navy Kenneth J. Braithwaite announced her naming on November 18, 2020, honoring the legacy of the World War II submarine SS-306.^[65] Her keel was authenticated on August 17, 2023, at General Dynamics Electric Boat's Quonset Point facility in Rhode Island, marking her as the 32nd boat in the class.^[66] Expected to displace approximately 7,800 tons submerged, with a length of 377 feet and advanced Virginia Payload Module for increased Tomahawk missile capacity, SSN-805 is projected for delivery in the late 2020s following sea trials and commissioning.^[66]

Biology and Natural Phenomena

Tang (Surgeonfish)

Tangs, or surgeonfishes, are marine fish in the family Acanthuridae, encompassing around 80 species of thin, deep-bodied tropical reef dwellers known for their vibrant coloration and defensive adaptations. These fish feature a pair of sharp, retractable spines located on the caudal peduncle, which can be erected like scalpels for slashing predators or rivals during territorial disputes; the "surgeonfish" moniker stems from this lancet-like structure, while "tang" serves as a common shorthand, particularly for popular aquarium species.^[67]^[68]^[69] Primarily herbivorous, tangs graze on benthic algae and detritus, with some omnivorous tendencies toward plankton in juveniles; for instance, the blue tang (Acanthurus coeruleus) consumes algae exclusively as an adult. They inhabit coral reefs, rocky substrates, and seagrass beds in tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific, Atlantic, and eastern Pacific, often in shallow, wave-exposed areas where algae proliferates. Diurnal and social, many form loose schools or defend territories aggressively, using their spines to inflict wounds on intruders.^[70]^[71]^[72] Notable species include the yellow tang (Zebrasoma flavescens), which spawns around full moons and relies on algae for its diet while wielding a prominent caudal spine for protection, primarily around Hawaiian reefs; the powder blue tang (Acanthurus leucosternon), distinguished by its bright blue hues and similar herbivorous habits in Indo-Pacific reefs; and the convict tang (Acanthurus triostegus), one of the most abundant in the family, widespread across tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean corals where it aggressively guards feeding territories. These fish play key ecological roles in reef algae control, preventing overgrowth that could smother corals, though overcollection for aquaria has prompted conservation concerns in some regions.^[73]^[74]^[75]

Linguistic and Technical Meanings

Tang (Flavor or Odor)

"Tang" denotes a sharp, distinctive, and often lingering flavor or a pungent odor, evoking a stimulating or zestful quality in sensory experience. This term describes sensations such as the acidic bite in citrus fruits or the briny sharpness of seawater, distinguishing it from basic tastes like sweet or salty by its invigorating pungency.^[31]^[32] The word originates from Middle English tang, derived from Old Norse tangi, meaning a point or projection, akin to concepts of sharpness or sting, and possibly linked to Proto-Germanic roots implying a biting action. By the 14th century, it had evolved to signify a piercing taste or smell, reflecting metaphorical extensions from physical points—like a knife's tang—to sensory sharpness.^[76]^[31]^[77] In sensory physiology, tang arises primarily from the interaction of acidic compounds or volatile aromatics with taste buds and olfactory receptors, often amplified by the trigeminal nerve's detection of irritation or coolness. Sourness contributes via hydrogen ions from acids activating specific ion channels on the tongue, while odors perceived retronasally integrate to form perceived flavor zest; for instance, lactic and acetic acids in sourdough produce its characteristic tang through microbial fermentation yielding these volatiles.^[78]^[79] Smell accounts for up to 80% of flavor perception, making tang a composite of gustatory sharpness and olfactory nuance rather than isolated taste.^[80] Common examples include the tangy profile of vinegar from acetic acid or the metallic tang in blood from iron compounds, both evoking a crisp, appetizing edge in culinary contexts. In environmental settings, the tang of pine resin stems from terpenes stimulating nasal receptors, underscoring tang's role in evoking freshness or intensity.^[32]^[81]

Tang (Tool Component)

In edged tools such as knives, swords, and chisels, the tang refers to the unsharpened extension of the blade that protrudes into or through the handle, enabling secure attachment and distributing forces during use to maintain structural integrity.^[82] This component, often forged from the same steel as the blade, prevents separation under stress and influences the tool's balance, weight distribution, and overall durability.^[83] In engineering terms, the tang functions as a mechanical anchor, typically secured via pins, epoxy, or friction fit, with its design varying based on intended application—heavy chopping favors robust forms, while precision work prioritizes lighter configurations.^[84] Knife tangs are broadly classified into full and partial types, each with subtypes optimized for strength versus weight. A full tang extends the entire length of the handle and often matches its width, providing maximal rigidity and resistance to bending or twisting, as the metal backbone runs continuously from tip to butt.^[85] Subvariants include the hidden tang, where the full-length extension is sandwiched between handle scales without side visibility, reducing weight while retaining strength through encapsulation; the skeletonized tang, featuring cutouts to lighten the tool without sacrificing core support; and the extended tang, which protrudes beyond the handle to form a striking pommel.^[86] These designs excel in demanding tasks like butchery or survival use, where failure could be catastrophic, though they increase overall mass compared to partial alternatives.^[87] Partial tangs, by contrast, extend only partially into the handle, yielding lighter tools suitable for finesse-oriented applications like filleting or carving, but with inherent trade-offs in leverage and longevity under heavy lateral loads.^[88] Common subtypes are the rat-tail or stick tang, a narrow, tapered rod inserted into a handle slot for minimal weight; the push tang, a short stub wedged or peened into place; and the tapered tang, which narrows progressively for easier insertion but risks loosening over time without reinforcement.^[82] Encapsulated partial tangs embed the extension within molded handle material, blending aesthetics with moderate support, though empirical tests show they underperform full tangs in torque resistance by up to 50% in high-stress scenarios.^[86] Selection depends on material properties—high-carbon steels demand fuller tangs to counter brittleness—ensuring the tool's causal reliability in transmitting cutting forces without deformation.^[89] Beyond knives, tangs appear in woodworking tools like chisels and gouges, where the extension mounts into wooden handles via sockets or ferrules to absorb mallet strikes, prioritizing vibration damping over blade-like sharpness.^[84] In historical sword-making, tangs were peened or threaded for hilt retention, evolving from Bronze Age designs around 3000 BCE to modern precision forging, underscoring their role in preventing catastrophic failures during combat or utility.^[90] Modern manufacturing standards, such as those in ASTM specifications for hand tools, emphasize tang dimensions for safety, with full tangs correlating to lower breakage rates in drop tests exceeding 10 feet.^[91] Overall, tang efficacy hinges on metallurgy and fit, with inferior designs—often seen in budget imports—prone to delamination, highlighting the need for verifiable construction in professional contexts.^[92]

Acronyms and Abbreviations

TANG

TANG is an acronym most prominently associated with the U.S. Navy's Tactical Advancements for the Next Generation program, an initiative focused on applying design and systems thinking to address national security challenges through human-centered innovation.^[93] Established in 2011, the program employs multi-organizational teams to develop solutions involving physical and digital systems, customer interactions, and organizational processes, with resourcing provided through OPNAV N94 and execution by PEO Integrated Warfare Systems 5.^[93] In U.S. military aviation contexts, TANG has been used informally to abbreviate the Texas Air National Guard (TX ANG), as seen in unit designations like the 149th Fighter Wing and operational references.^[94] Similarly, it abbreviates the Tennessee Air National Guard (TN ANG), appearing in official recognitions and project descriptions for units such as the 134th Air Refueling Wing.^[95]^[96] Philosophically, TANG denotes the Transcendental Argument for the Non-existence of God, a critique of presuppositional apologetics formulated by atheist philosopher Michael Martin in the 1990s to argue that logical absolutes and knowledge do not presuppose divine existence but can arise naturalistically.^[97] This argument posits that if the transcendental argument for God's existence (TAG) relies on God as necessary for logic, then non-theistic accounts suffice without invoking theism, rendering TAG unsound.^[98] It has been debated primarily in Christian apologetics forums, with responses emphasizing circularity in Martin's naturalism.^[99]

References

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Tang Dynasty 唐, 618-907 (www.chinaknowledge.de)
The Tang dynasty 唐 (618-907) was the second great dynasty of Chinese history that was able to unify a vast territory, to spread its culture to the surrounding ...
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Tang dynasty (618–907), an introduction - Smarthistory
The Tang dynasty (618–907) is considered a golden age in Chinese history. It succeeded the short-lived Sui dynasty (581–618), which reunified China.
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Tang dynasty (618–907) - Smithsonian's National Museum of Asian Art
The Tang dynasty. (618–907) is considered a golden age in Chinese history. It succeeded the short-lived Sui dynasty (581–618), which reunified China after ...
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Timeline: Tang Dynasty - World History Encyclopedia
The Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE) was one of the greatest in Imperial Chinese history. It was a golden age of reform and cultural advancement.<|separator|>
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Tang Dynasty
It is also notable for its great material prosperity, high artistic and cultural achievement, and a level of interest and tolerance regarding foreign cultures ...Missing: facts achievements<|separator|>
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The Tang expanded the boundaries of China through Siberia in the north, Korea in the east, and what is now Vietnam in the south. They also extended their ...
[7]
[PDF] Tang Civilization and the Chinese Centuries - Columbia University
The Tang Decline and Heritage. During the Tang Dynasty, China truly was the Middle Kingdom. Measured by any standard, Tang China surpassed the rest of Eurasia.
[8]
Emperors of the Tang Dynasty - Travel China Guide
Emperors ; 1, Tang Kao Tsu (Li Yuan) · 618 - 626 ; 2, Tang Taizong (Li Shimin) · 627 - 649 ; 3, Tang Gaozong (Li Zhi) · 650 - 683 ; 4, Tang Zhongzong (Li Xi'an) · 684,Missing: timeline | Show results with:timeline
[9]
China's Medieval Tang Dynasty Had a Surprising Level of Social ...
Jan 19, 2024 · Demographic data on Chinese tomb epitaphs from the 7th through 10th centuries resemble U.S. sociological patterns in the 1960s and 1970s.
[10]
Decline of the Tang Dynasty | Early World Civilizations
The An Lushan Rebellion and its aftermath greatly weakened the centralized bureaucracy of the Tang dynasty, especially in regards to its perimeters.
[11]
An Lushan and the Fall of China's Golden Age - Retrospect Journal
Feb 20, 2022 · The Tang dynasty was severely weakened in 755 by the An Lushan Rebellion, which swept China into a seven year long civil war, and ultimately ...
[12]
Rebellion of An Lushan | Research Starters - EBSCO
The rebellion of An Lushan (755-763) was a pivotal moment in Chinese history that contributed to the decline of the Tang Dynasty (618-907).
[13]
Causes of the Collapse of the Tang Dynasty in China - CliffsNotes
Rating 5.0 (1) Feb 13, 2024 · The rebellion weakened the central authority of the Tang government, leading to a fragmentation of power and a decline in overall stability. 2.
[14]
Decline of the Tang Dynasty | World Civilization - Lumen Learning
In 907 the Tang dynasty was ended when Zhu Wen, now a military governor, deposed the last emperor of Tang, Emperor Ai of Tang, and took the throne for himself.
[15]
Tang Dynasty (AD 618 - 907) - Ancient China - Chinese History Digest
Li Yuan reigned as the first Tang emperor Gaozu until his abdication in AD 626. At that time, his son Li Shimin took over the reigns of the empire (reigning as ...<|separator|>
[16]
The Regional State of Jin 晉(www.chinaknowledge.de)
Jin 晉was one of the large regional states of the Zhou period 周(11th cent.-221 BC). It was located in modern Shanxi. During the Spring and Autumn period ...
[17]
The 13 Dynasties that Ruled China in Order | History Hit
1. Xia Dynasty (c. 2070-1600 BC) · 2. Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1050 BC) · 3. Zhou Dynasty (c. 1046-256 BC) · 4. Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC) · 5. Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 ...
[18]
About Tang Drink
Tang Drink® was invented in 1957 by food scientist William A. Mitchell and first marketed in 1959 by General Foods Corporation. The instant powdered orange ...
[19]
Tang! The space-age drink that's still a worldwide staple | CNN
May 1, 2021 · Tang debuted in 1957 as a vitamin C-packed breakfast drink. Its selling point was that the powdered mix was shelf-stable, and it was ...Missing: date | Show results with:date
[20]
How NASA Made Tang Cool - Food & Wine
May 18, 2017 · While there is a common misconception that the minds at NASA invented it, that's not true. Tang was actually available on grocery store shelves ...Missing: date | Show results with:date
[21]
Do Astronauts Still Drink Tang In Space? - The Takeout
Jan 21, 2025 · Tang, a vitamin C-packed beverage mix, has been linked to astronauts and NASA's space program since it was included on an Earth orbiting mission in 1962.
[22]
Tang | Mondelēz International, Inc.
Tang is our powdered beverage brand. This fresh and fruit-flavored drink is available in a variety of flavors and fortified with minerals and vitamins.Missing: current | Show results with:current
[23]
Tang Fact Sheet | PDF | Drink | Orange (Fruit) - Scribd
Nov 20, 2017 · It is sold in over 30 countries and reached $1 billion in annual sales in 2011. Key facts: Tang comes in various fruit flavors tailored to local ...
[24]
Tang a hit again, just not in U.S. - NBC News
Apr 29, 2010 · Kraft Foods saw sales of Tang in developing markets soar 30 percent last year, to more than $750 million, powered by Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe.
[25]
What Ever Happened To The Drink Tang? - Yahoo
Jan 27, 2025 · Tang was a $750 million business, largely in Latin America, Asia, and Eastern Europe. It reached $1 billion by 2013, and has since dropped back to about $700 ...
[26]
Tang has ~93% sugar AND contains artificial sweeteners on top ...
Aug 20, 2023 · Tang has ~93% sugar AND contains artificial sweeteners on top! Tang is nothing but flavoured sugar powder. If they limited their marketing ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[27]
Is Tang a Good Source of Vitamin C? Exploring the Nutritional Value ...
Aug 27, 2025 · Tang provides 100% of the RDA of Vitamin C, but its high sugar content means it should be used sparingly, not as a primary source.Missing: controversies | Show results with:controversies
[28]
Disadvantages of Drinking Tang Instead of Juice - HubPages
Aug 17, 2023 · Tang is probably not your best choice as a nutritious breakfast beverage. The sugar in Tang is detrimental to your health.Missing: controversies | Show results with:controversies
[29]
Is drinking too much Tang bad for your health? - Quora
Sep 5, 2019 · Drinking too much Tang can lead to an excess of sugar in your system, which could cause blood sugar spikes, weight gain, and an increased risk ...Are kids still drinking Tang like they did back in the 80s? - QuoraIs Tang, the orange drink the kids drink so much, actually bad for ...More results from www.quora.comMissing: controversies | Show results with:controversies
[30]
Kraft Heinz Voluntarily Recalls Select Country Time Lemonade ...
Kraft Heinz recalled Country Time, Tang, Arizona Tea, and limited Kool-Aid powdered beverages due to potential glass and metal contamination. Select code dates ...
[31]
TANG Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
1 of 5. noun (1) · ˈtaŋ · Synonyms of tang. 1. a. : a sharp distinctive often lingering flavor. b. : a pungent odor. c · 2 of 5. verb (1). tanged; tanging; tangs.Missing: culinary | Show results with:culinary
[32]
Tang - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
A tang is a sharp flavor or smell, like the tang of fresh-squeezed lemonade or the tang of the salty ocean breeze.Missing: culinary | Show results with:culinary
[33]
The Types of Acidity | culinarycrush
Mar 7, 2025 · Citric acid loses much of its characteristic tang with heat. You can use this to your advantage if hoping to subdue citric acid (e.g. cooking ...
[34]
All About Acid, Cooking's Most Versatile Ingredient
Aug 1, 2018 · Foods such as sauerkraut, kosher dill pickles, kimchi, and kombucha get their acidic tang from natural fermentation. Over time, natural and ...
[35]
The Role of Acidity in Flavor | MINOR'S® Products
Feb 4, 2020 · Acidic ingredients play an important role in flavor, adding bright, fresh notes and enhancing other ingredients, in particular providing balance to both ...
[36]
Tang Map - Locality - County Westmeath, Ireland - Mapcarta
Tang is a village and a 'half-parish' in County Westmeath, on the N55 national secondary road between Athlone and Ballymahon, County Longford.
[37]
Tang, Westmeath, Ireland - City, Town and Village of the world
Tang Geography ; Latitude: 53.535, Longitude: -7.787 53° 32′ 6″ North, 7° 47′ 13″ West · 41 m (135 ft) · Oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb) ...
[38]
Tang map, Denmark, Central Jutland — Google - Satellites.pro
Place information. Name: Tang. Latitude: 56°31'00"N. Longitude: 8°25'59"E. Village: Gudum. Region: Lemvig Municipality. Region: Central Denmark Region. Country:
[39]
TANG Geography Population Map cities coordinates location
Coordinates UTM : MH66 Geographical coordinates in decimal degrees (WGS84) Latitude : 56.517. Longitude : 8.433. Geographical coordinates in degrees minutes ...
[40]
Tang Valley - Druk Asia
Jun 19, 2025 · Location and Geography. Tang Valley lies northeast of Jakar, about 11 kilometres off the main Bumthang-Ura highway. To get there, you'll take a ...
[41]
Tang'an Dong Village - Guizhou - China Fact Tours
Tang'an Dong Village is under the jurisdiction of Zhaoxing Township, Liping County and renowned as the "most primitive Dong Village" in China.
[42]
Tangmo Ancient Village, a Tang-Model Village with Shuikou Garden
Tangmo is a Tang-model village, built in the Tang Dynasty, known as the "No. 1 Shuikou Garden Village in China" and a 5A tourist area.
[43]
Tang Map | Pakistan Google Satellite Maps - Maplandia.com
Welcome to the Tang google satellite map! This place is situated in Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan, its geographical coordinates are 32° 22' 0" North, 74° 34' 0" ...
[44]
Tang Map | Afghanistan Google Satellite Maps - Maplandia.com
original name: Tang ; geographical location: Lowgar, Afghanistan, Asia ; geographical coordinates: 34° 11' 45" North, 69° 46' 8" East. map · 3d map · hotel · car ...
[45]
Tang Map - Locality - Upper Nile State, South Sudan - Mapcarta
Tang is a locality in Upper Nile State, South Sudan. Tang is situated nearby to the locality Wunkwil, as well as near Nyabiong.
[46]
World Famous in New Zealand: The Tangiwai Disaster Memorial | Stuff
Sep 4, 2020 · The site of the deaths of 151 people on Christmas Eve, 1953. That's when a lahar broke through the side of the crater lake of Mt Ruapehu.
[47]
Tang Surname Meaning & Tang Family History at Ancestry.com®
Chinese: Mandarin form of the surname 唐 meaning 'boastful' or 'in vain' in ancient Chinese: (i) from the placename Tang (唐) the name of a fief (located in ...<|separator|>
[48]
Tang Name Meaning and Tang Family History at FamilySearch
Chinese: Mandarin form of the surname 唐, meaning 'boastful' or 'in vain' in ancient Chinese: (i) from the placename Tang (唐), the name of a ...
[49]
Tang Chinese Last Name Facts - My China Roots
Where do the Tangs come from? ... Most Tangs who left China and settled overseas in the past 400 years likely came from the provinces of Guangdong and Fujian.
[50]
Tang Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History - Forebears
This surname originated from the Chinese surname Chen. However, when these people migrated out of China, to their respective countries, the immigration officers
[51]
Tang last name popularity, history, and meaning
The Tang surname appeared 34,961 times in the 2010 census and if you were to sample 100,000 people in the United States, approximately 12 people would have the ...
[52]
Last Names TANG National Statistics - MyNameStats.com
The race and Hispanic origin distribution of the people with the name TANG is 2.8% White, 1.0% Hispanic origin, 0.6% Black, 93.0% Asian or Pacific Islander.National Statistics · Race & Hispanic Origin... · State Statistics For...Missing: surname | Show results with:surname
[53]
Tang Yin - China Online Museum
Tang Yin (唐寅,1470–1524), better known by his courtesy name Tang Bohu (唐伯虎), was a Chinese scholar, painter, calligrapher, and poet of the Ming Dynasty ...
[54]
Tang Yin - An Exceptional Artist with A Pathos Life | ChinaFetching
1524), courtesy name Tang Bohu, was a great painter, litterateur, calligrapher, and poet of the Ming Dynasty.<|control11|><|separator|>
[55]
Henry Tang | Tatler Asia
A former industrialist and politician, Henry was Chief Secretary for Administration from 2007 to 2011. He has also served as Financial Secretary.
[56]
https://www.hkbea.com/html/en/bea-about-directors-Henry-tang.html
[57]
The Honourable Henry TANG Ying-yen, GBM, GBS, JP | WestK
Mr Tang served as a Member of the Legislative Council and the Provisional Legislative Council of Hong Kong for seven years from 1991, and was a Member of the ...Missing: politician | Show results with:politician
[58]
Interview with BBC Newsday｜Background Information
Jun 24, 2023 · First of all, would you please introduce yourself? Link in context. Audrey Tang. Hello, I'm Audrey Tang, Taiwan's digital minister.
[59]
Interview with BBC｜Background Information - News and Releases
Nov 6, 2023 · Hi, I'm Audrey Tang, I'm a digital minister. I'm a non-binary minister, not just in gender, but also parties and really everything. I take all ...
[60]
Interview with TIME｜Background Information - News and Releases
Your role as Taiwan's digital affairs minister really came about and how you kind of found yourself in that role.
[61]
Tang I (SS-306) - Naval History and Heritage Command
Aug 16, 2023 · Tang got underway from Pearl Harbor on 8 June 1944 and hunted enemy shipping in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea areas.
[62]
Tang (SS 306) - Naval History and Heritage Command
Feb 2, 2017 · In her five patrols, Tang is credited with sinking 31 ships, totaling 227,800 tons and damaging two for 4,100 tons. This record is unexcelled ...Missing: tonnage | Show results with:tonnage
[63]
USS Tang (SS-306) - Naval History and Heritage Command
Jul 11, 2025 · Her third war patrol was one of the most devastating American submarine deployments carried out against Japanese shipping during World War II.
[64]
https://www.facebook.com/GotDolphins/posts/commissioned-25-october-1951uss-tang-ssagss-563-the-lead-ship-of-her-class-was-t/1219368656893197/
[65]
SECNAV Names Two Future Virginia-class Submarines Tang, Wahoo
Nov 18, 2020 · Secretary of the Navy announced that two future Virginia-class attack submarines will be named USS Tang and USS Wahoo. USS Vermont (SSN 792) ...
[66]
Keel Authenticated for Future USS Tang (SSN 805)
The future USS Tang will be a Block V submarine and the 32nd Virginia Class submarine. During his remarks, Vice Adm.
[67]
Acanthuridae (Surgeonfishes, tangs, unicornfishes) | INFORMATION
Habitat. Acanthurids inhabit offshore coral reefs as adults but larvae are carried by the currents inshore where they quickly sink to the bottom and begin ...
[68]
Why are tangs call tangs? - Ultimate Reef
Tangs are actually known as surgeon fish - and this is due to the scalpel like blades on the caudal peduncle.
[69]
Spine sticking out of the back of my Kole Tang - Reef Central
Jun 2, 2008 · The spine is called a "tang". All "tangs" have one, the easiest tang to see it on would have to be a Black Zebrasoma or Scopas Zebrasoma tangs.
[70]
Acanthurus coeruleus, Blue tang surgeonfish : fisheries, aquarium, bait
Inhabits coral reefs, inshore grassy or rocky areas. Forms small groups (Ref. 26235). Mainly diurnal. Feeds entirely on algae (Ref.
[71]
[PDF] Acanthuridae
Habitat and Biology: An inshore species of coral reefs or rocky substrates exposed to wave action. Feeds on benthic algae. Territorial and very aggressive.
[72]
https://www.recifart.com/en/blog/post/feeding-surgeonfish-in-a-reef-aquarium.html
[73]
Tangs & Surgeonfish - That Pet Place
$$11.99 delivery 60-day returnsTangs and Surgeonfish are omnivores, but a large part of their diet consists of algae and plant matter. Some tangs, especially the "Bristletooth Tangs" from the ...Feeding · Behavior · Compatibility<|separator|>
[74]
Convict Surgeonfish | Online Learning Center - Aquarium of the Pacific
Apr 22, 2008 · This species is possibly the most numerous in the surgeonfish family, Acanthuridae. It is widely distributed in tropical Pacific and Indo-Pacific waters.
[75]
Differences in the behavior and diet between shoaling and solitary ...
Jan 6, 2023 · In this study, we characterized movement and foraging-associated behaviors of shoaling and solitary surgeonfish on coral reefs.
[76]
tang, n.¹ meanings, etymology and more | Oxford English Dictionary
A pleasant or invigorating sharpness or pungency of taste or smell; zest, tang; an appetizing flavour. poignancy1677–. Pungency or sharpness of taste or smell.
[77]
tang - American Heritage Dictionary Entry
A distinctively sharp taste, flavor, or odor, as that of orange juice. 2. A ... origins back to reconstructed proto-languages. You can obtain more ...
[78]
The science behind sourdough's distinctive tang - Cosmos Magazine
Aug 16, 2023 · Scientists have identified and quantified 21 chemical compounds that contribute to sourdough's unique flavour.
[79]
Tang vs. Taste: What's the Difference?
Nov 18, 2023 · Tang specifically refers to a distinct, often sharp or slightly acidic flavor. It is a quality that adds zest or liveliness to food or drink.
[80]
Taste-Smell Connection - Science World
Our sense of smell in responsible for about 80% of what we taste. Without our sense of smell, our sense of taste is limited to only five distinct sensations.
[81]
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/tang
[82]
All About Knife Tangs
In simplest terms, a knife tang is the bottom portion of a blade that extends down into the handle. It's essentially the backbone of a knife because it's what ...
[83]
https://misen.com/blogs/news/knife-tang
[84]
Constructions of fixed knives: what about the tangs? - Knivesandtools
The tang on a blade is the steel part that protrudes from the blade and is used to attach the handle. That tang can have different shapes.
[85]
https://seidoknives.com/blogs/news/what-is-full-tang-on-a-knife
[86]
https://hexclad.com/blogs/posts/knife-tangs
[87]
https://yakushiknives.com/blogs/yakushi-blog-all-thing-knives/understanding-knife-tang-types-full-tang-vs-partial-tang-explained
[88]
Knife Tang Types - Lansky
Knife tangs are categorized into Full Tang and Partial Tang. Partial Tangs include Push, Hidden, and Rat Tail tangs. Full tang extends the full length of the ...
[89]
https://bpsknives.com/all-about-knives-tang-understanding-the-backbone-of-knife-design/
[90]
The Different Types of Knife Tangs Explained
May 22, 2023 · In simple terms, the knife tang is the portion of the blade that extends into the handle. It's important to know that tangs aren't exclusive to ...Missing: component | Show results with:component
[91]
https://kyokuknives.com/blogs/kyoku-chef-blog/understanding-knife-craftsmanship-the-importance-of-full-tang
[92]
A Guide to Knife Tang – Full Force Hunting
A tang, also known as a shank is found on the back part of a knife or sword. It's the part that extends into the handle. The various tang configurations are ...
[93]
Tactical Advancements for the Next Generation
We are a team of problem solvers that leverages design and systems thinking methodologies to deliver front end innovation for national security challenges.
[94]
149th TANG - Texas Air National Guard - LinkedIn
Today's 149th Fighter Wing of the Texas Air National Guard was formed on 1 July 1960, but its origins go back to June 1943. At that time, the 396th Fighter ...
[95]
General Assembly honors Tennessee Air National Guard 134th ...
Feb 14, 2025 · Lowell Russell, R-Vonore, recognizes the 134th Air Refueling Wing of the Tennessee Air National Guard (TANG) stationed at McGhee-Tyson Air ...
[96]
TN Air National Guard | Chroma Energy Group
Chroma Energy Group proudly partnered with the Tennessee Air National Guard (TANG) to design and install a 1.4 MW solar energy system.
[97]
Answering the Transcendental Argument for the Nonexistence of God
Dec 9, 2008 · However, there are those who refuse to accept it and have offered a counter-argument, the Transcendental Argument for the Non-existence of God ( ...
[98]
TAG vs. TANG - Presuppositionalism 101 - WordPress.com
Martin puts forth what he calls the transcendental argument for the non-existence of God (TANG). ... TANG-if TAG is sound TANG is not. In what follows I ...
[99]
A Brief Response to Michael Martin's Transcendental Argument for ...
A Brief Response to Michael Martin's Transcendental Argument for the Non-Existence of God. By John M. Frame. John Frame is professor of Apologetics and ...