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Cascadia

Cascadia is a bioregion and political movement for increased or complete regional autonomy in western North America, encompassing the watersheds of major rivers such as the Columbia and Fraser that drain into the Pacific Ocean through the temperate rainforest zone, primarily including the U.S. states of Washington and Oregon, the Canadian province of British Columbia, and portions of Idaho.^[1]^[2] The concept emerged in the 1970s and 1980s as part of bioregionalism, emphasizing ecological boundaries over political ones to promote sustainable living aligned with natural systems like mountain ranges, forests, and river basins. This framework has fostered a regional identity tied to environmental stewardship, with cultural symbols including the Douglas fir-inspired "Doug" flag and advocacy for decentralized governance.^[3] The Cascadia megaregion, centered on the urban corridor from Portland through Seattle to Vancouver, supports approximately 10 million residents and generates an economy valued at around $600 billion annually, driven by technology, trade, and natural resources.^[4]^[5] While the bioregional idea has influenced local environmental policies and cross-border cooperation, the associated independence movement, formalized in 2005, seeks political autonomy but remains marginal, with limited empirical support for secession amid strong economic integration with the U.S. and Canada.^[6] Proponents highlight potential benefits like tailored sustainability measures, yet critics note the movement's ties to radical activism, including affiliations with antifa-style protests, which have drawn scrutiny for prioritizing ideological disruption over pragmatic regionalism.^[7] Despite occasional media attention ranking it among speculative separatist efforts, no viable pathway to independence exists, as public sentiment favors federal ties and bioregionalism manifests more as cultural affinity than causal driver for political rupture.^[8]

Geography and Bioregion

Boundaries and Definition

The Cascadia bioregion is delineated by natural features such as watersheds draining into the Pacific Ocean through the North American temperate rainforest belt, encompassing diverse ecoregions shaped by the Cascade Range, coastal ecosystems, and inland plateaus rather than political borders.^[2] ^[9] This bioregional framework, rooted in the bioregionalism movement, prioritizes ecological continuity over arbitrary human divisions like state or provincial lines, with boundaries typically following ridges, peaks, river basins, and ocean margins.^[9] Geographically, Cascadia extends approximately 2,500 miles along the Pacific coast from Cape Mendocino in northern California (around 40°N latitude) northward to the Copper River in southeastern Alaska (up to about 60°N), though core definitions often limit the northern extent to southern British Columbia or Haida Gwaii.^[10] ^[11] Westward, it is bounded by the Pacific Ocean; eastward, by the Rocky Mountains or the Continental Divide, incorporating the Columbia River basin and high plateaus; and southward, variably including portions of Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Wyoming, Utah, and Alberta depending on watershed delineations.^[12] ^[13] The region comprises 75 distinct ecoregions, reflecting a gradient from coastal rainforests and fjords to alpine meadows and volcanic highlands, with the Cascadia Subduction Zone influencing subsurface geology but not strictly defining surface bioregional limits.^[14] ^[15] Definitions among bioregional advocates, such as those from the Cascadia Bioregion organization, emphasize this holistic scope to highlight shared environmental dynamics, including salmon runs, old-growth forests, and seismic influences, though precise inland extents can vary based on specific watershed mappings.^[14] ^[16] The bioregion's total area is estimated at around 388,000 square miles in narrower interpretations focused on British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and northern California, expanding to over 500,000 square miles when including peripheral watersheds in Idaho, Montana, and southern Alaska.^[17] ^[12]

Physical Features

The Cascadia bioregion exhibits diverse topography shaped by tectonic activity and erosion, encompassing parallel north-south trending mountain ranges, broad river valleys, coastal lowlands, and inland plateaus across an area of approximately 535,000 square miles (1,385,000 km²).^[12] Its Pacific coastline extends over 2,500 miles, featuring rugged fjords, islands, and sandy beaches from northern California to southern Alaska, with the continental shelf sloping sharply into the ocean depths.^[12] Inland, the terrain rises abruptly to form the Coast Ranges and Olympic Mountains along the western margin, transitioning eastward to the higher Cascade Range, which acts as a climatic divide with wetter western slopes and drier eastern interiors.^[18] The Cascade Range dominates the region's central highlands, stretching more than 600 miles from British Columbia through Washington and Oregon into northern California, with volcanic peaks and ridges averaging 7,000 feet (2,100 m) in elevation in the northern sections.^[19] ^[20] Prominent stratovolcanoes include Mount Rainier, rising to 14,410 feet (4,390 m) as the highest point in the bioregion, alongside Mount Hood at 11,249 feet (3,429 m) and Mount Shasta at 14,179 feet (4,322 m).^[21] These mountains, formed by subduction-related volcanism, feature glaciated summits, U-shaped valleys, and lava plateaus, while the eastern flank gives way to the Columbia Plateau, a vast expanse of basaltic uplands averaging 2,000–4,000 feet (600–1,200 m) in elevation, incised by canyons.^[22] Hydrologically, Cascadia is defined by extensive river systems draining toward the Pacific, with the Columbia River forming the backbone—a 1,243-mile (2,000 km) waterway whose watershed spans 258,000 square miles (668,000 km²), originating in the Canadian Rockies and carving the Columbia Gorge through the Cascades.^[23] ^[24] Tributaries such as the Fraser River (850 miles or 1,370 km long, draining much of interior British Columbia) and Snake River contribute to fertile alluvial valleys like the Willamette and Puget Sound lowlands, where sediment deposition supports deep soils amid estuaries and tidal flats.^[25] These features, combined with geothermal hot springs and volcanic fields, underscore the region's dynamic physiography influenced by ongoing plate interactions.^[26]

Ecology and Biodiversity

The Cascadia bioregion encompasses diverse ecosystems, including coastal temperate rainforests, montane forests, riverine habitats, and marine environments, which collectively support exceptional biodiversity due to the region's mild, wet climate and topographic complexity. These systems feature old-growth conifers in rainforests that sequester vast amounts of carbon, with seven of the world's top ten carbon-absorbing forests located here. Annual salmon runs in rivers like the Columbia and Fraser provide nutrient subsidies that sustain terrestrial and aquatic food webs, linking marine, freshwater, and forest ecosystems. The bioregion qualifies as a global ecological hotspot owing to its relatively intact native habitats and high species richness across taxa.^[27]^[28]^[27]^[29] Temperate rainforests dominate the coastal zones, characterized by towering old-growth trees such as Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) and Thuja plicata (western redcedar), alongside understories rich in epiphytes, ferns, and fungi. Forest diversity includes over 40 tree species in British Columbia portions alone, extending to dry pine, boreal, and alpine types inland. These habitats host multi-taxa biodiversity, including threatened species like the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) and Pacific fisher (Pekania pennanti), which rely on structural complexity for foraging and reproduction. Reptilian diversity stands at 48 species, complemented by hundreds of fungi and lichen taxa that drive decomposition and symbiosis.^[27]^[30]^[27]^[28] Aquatic and marine realms amplify Cascadia's biodiversity, with kelp forests and coastal wetlands supporting vibrant invertebrate communities and sediment carbon storage. River systems teem with anadromous salmonids, such as Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), whose migrations deliver marine-derived nutrients to riparian zones, enhancing riparian tree growth and invertebrate productivity. Offshore waters harbor cetaceans like orcas (Orcinus orca) and gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus), alongside seabirds including tufted puffins (Lunda cirrhata). Overall, the bioregion sustains over 350 bird and mammal species, thousands of invertebrates, and soil organisms, underscoring interconnected trophic dynamics.^[27]^[27]^[27]^[28]

Geology and Seismic Activity

The Cascadia Subduction Zone

The Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) is a convergent plate boundary extending approximately 1,000 kilometers along the Pacific Northwest coast, from northern Vancouver Island in Canada to Cape Mendocino in northern California.^[31] ^[32] At this margin, fragments of the ancient Farallon Plate—primarily the Juan de Fuca Plate, along with the smaller Explorer and Gorda plates—subduct eastward beneath the overriding North American Plate.^[33] The subduction angle is shallow, with the oceanic lithosphere descending at a low dip, facilitating the formation of a megathrust fault interface that spans the zone's length.^[31] Subduction mechanics in the CSZ involve the denser oceanic crust of the Juan de Fuca Plate (typically 5–10 million years old) being forced beneath the continental crust due to plate motion driven by slab pull and ridge push forces.^[33] This process generates an accretionary wedge of deformed sediments scraped from the subducting plate, which accumulates along the forearc basin, and contributes to the volcanic arc of the Cascade Range where the slab reaches depths of about 100 kilometers, melting and producing magma.^[34] The shallow portion of the megathrust, extending to depths of roughly 15–30 kilometers, is largely locked, accumulating elastic strain from the relative plate convergence, while deeper sections exhibit aseismic slip.^[35] Episodic tremor and slip events, occurring at 20–40 kilometer depths below the locked zone, periodically release some stress without generating significant earthquakes.^[35] Geophysical data, including seismic reflection profiles and GPS measurements, indicate near-full coupling on the shallow megathrust in the central CSZ, implying high seismic potential from strain buildup, though the exact degree of locking varies along-strike due to upper-plate heterogeneity and slab fragmentation.^[36] Recent subsurface mapping has refined understanding of fault morphology, revealing how the young, bending Juan de Fuca Plate fragments within the seismogenic zone, influencing rupture propagation.^[37] The zone's structure, compiled in databases of paleoseismic, geophysical, and tectonic datasets, underscores its role as a type-example for studying subduction hazards, with marine geohazards like landslides adding complexity to the tectonic regime.^[38]

Historical Earthquakes and Tsunamis

The most recent great earthquake along the Cascadia Subduction Zone occurred on January 26, 1700, at approximately 9:00 PM local time, with an estimated moment magnitude of 9.0.^[39] ^[40] This megathrust event ruptured over 1,000 kilometers of the fault, from northern Vancouver Island to northern California, causing widespread coastal subsidence of 1 to 2 meters in Oregon and Washington.^[39] ^[41] The earthquake generated a massive tsunami with run-up heights exceeding 10 meters along parts of the Oregon and Washington coasts, evidenced by eroded bluffs, buried soils, and sand sheets overlying Native American village sites.^[39] This tsunami propagated across the Pacific, striking Japan's eastern coast on January 27, 1700 (local time), with waves up to 3-5 meters high and no local earthquake precursor, as recorded in historical Japanese documents.^[42] Oral histories from Indigenous groups, such as the Quileute and Makah, describe the event as causing the land to "rise and fall" for hours, followed by flooding that destroyed villages and canoes.^[39] Paleoseismic evidence from tree-ring dating of "ghost forests" (killed by sudden subsidence and saltwater intrusion), coastal marsh stratigraphy, and offshore turbidite deposits indicates at least 19 great earthquakes (magnitude ~8-9) along Cascadia in the past 10,000 years, with recurrence intervals averaging 300-600 years.^[43] ^[42] Prior events include ruptures around 7,000 years ago and clusters in the late Holocene, such as circa 1300-1500 CE, inferred from synchronized turbidite layers and onshore subsidence records spanning northern and southern segments.^[44] ^[45] Tsunami signatures from these events, including boulder deposits and inlet infilling, show run-ups of 5-15 meters, highlighting recurring coastal inundation risks.^[46]

Current Risks and Recent Developments

The Cascadia Subduction Zone poses a significant risk of a megathrust earthquake exceeding magnitude 9.0, capable of generating tsunamis up to 100 feet high and causing widespread subsidence that could sink coastal areas by several feet.^[41] Geological records indicate recurrence intervals of 300 to 500 years, with the last major event occurring on January 26, 1700, placing the region overdue by over three centuries.^[47] Scientific estimates assess a 37% probability of a magnitude 7.1 or greater event within the next 50 years, with potential fatalities exceeding 14,000 in Oregon and Washington alone from shaking, liquefaction, and inundation.^[48] ^[49] Recent paleoseismic and modeling studies highlight compounded threats, including post-event sea-level rise exacerbating permanent coastal reconfiguration through subsidence and erosion.^[50] Emerging research in 2025 has identified potential synchronization between Cascadia and the San Andreas Fault, where a Cascadia rupture could trigger a subsequent magnitude 7.8+ event on the San Andreas within hours to days, based on historical stratigraphic evidence of correlated turbidite deposits spanning 30 years of data recovery.^[51] ^[52] Seismicity in the zone remains low, with no major events recorded in 2024 or 2025; the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network cataloged hundreds of minor quakes (magnitudes up to 4.0), primarily crustal, alongside aftershocks from a December 2024 magnitude 7.0 event near the southern Mendocino Triple Junction.^[53] ^[54] Advancements in monitoring include expansions of the ShakeAlert system for seconds-scale warnings and ongoing USGS efforts in tectonic tremor detection to forecast slow-slip events preceding ruptures.^[55] Preparedness initiatives intensified in 2025, with Oregon Governor Tina Kotek issuing an executive order on September 9 mandating seismic retrofits for critical infrastructure and the USGS hosting a Subduction Zone Science Meeting in January to refine hazard models.^[47] ^[56] Commemorations of the 325th anniversary of the 1700 quake, including public drills and documentaries, underscore regional emphasis on resilience planning amid static probability assessments.^[57]

Independence and Autonomy Movements

Origins and Historical Context

The concept of Cascadia as a distinct political entity traces its earliest roots to the early 19th century, when American and British interests vied for control of the Oregon Country (encompassing present-day Washington, Oregon, Idaho, parts of Montana, and British Columbia). In 1811, fur trader John Jacob Astor established Fort Astoria as a foothold for what he envisioned as an independent Pacific empire, a notion echoed in post-War of 1812 discussions by U.S. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams regarding an "empire of Astoria" free from European dominance.^[58] These proposals reflected geographic isolation and economic ambitions but dissolved amid U.S.-British treaties and settlement pressures, with no sustained independence effort materializing.^[58] Mid-19th-century sentiments resurfaced during the 1850s amid sectional tensions preceding the American Civil War, as some Oregon settlers advocated a "Pacific Republic" to avoid entanglement in eastern conflicts, peaking under Whig administration uncertainties.^[58] However, loyalty to the Union prevailed, and the idea faded post-1860s with statehood for Oregon (1859) and Washington Territory's integration. These episodic autonomy calls highlighted the region's peripheral status relative to eastern power centers, fostering a latent regional identity tied to natural resources and distance from national capitals.^[58] The modern Cascadia framework emerged in the late 20th century through bioregionalism, a philosophy prioritizing ecological boundaries over artificial political ones, gaining traction amid 1970s environmentalism. Ernest Callenbach's 1975 novel Ecotopia popularized a vision of a seceded, sustainable Northwest republic, influencing cultural discourse.^[58] In 1981, designer David McCloskey coined "Cascadia" to describe the bioregion defined by the Cascade Range, Salish Sea, and shared watersheds, formalizing it at the 1986 Cascadia Bioregional Congress at The Evergreen State College.^[58]^[6] This era emphasized grassroots sustainability and Indigenous perspectives over separatism, though it laid groundwork for autonomy by critiquing centralized governance's misalignment with local ecosystems.^[6] Explicit independence advocacy crystallized in the 2000s, with activist Brandon Letsinger founding CascadiaNow! in 2005 as the Cascadia Independence Project to promote bioregional sovereignty through education and referenda.^[6] Building on bioregional congresses and cultural symbols like the Doug flag (designed in the 1990s), the movement framed secession as a means to achieve decentralized democracy, environmental stewardship, and cross-border unity, distinct from earlier economic-driven proposals.^[6] By 2014, CascadiaNow! incorporated as a nonprofit, marking institutionalization amid broader North American secession discussions.^[6]

Ideology, Symbols, and Organizations

The ideology of the Cascadian independence movement is rooted in bioregionalism, a philosophy that defines human societies and activities in relation to natural ecosystems, emphasizing local knowledge, cultural ties to place, and sustainable practices over imposed political boundaries.^[59] ^[60] Advocates argue that aligning governance with the Cascadia bioregion—encompassing watersheds, forests, and geological features—enables better stewardship of resources, such as addressing shared environmental challenges like salmon runs and old-growth forests, which span state and national lines.^[61] This approach prioritizes decentralization, community empowerment, and democratic processes to foster ethical, resilient local economies, often critiquing centralized federal policies for neglecting regional specifics.^[62] While some early groups framed Cascadia as ideologically progressive, the movement broadly rejects rigid left-right spectra, instead promoting civic nationalism based on bioregional identity, natural borders, and practical sustainability without ethnic or universal cultural mandates.^[63] Independence proponents envision a transition through voluntary, democratic means, potentially forming an autonomous entity focused on environmental restoration, local food systems, and reduced reliance on distant governance, though such goals remain aspirational amid low mainstream adoption.^[6] ^[7] The chief symbol of Cascadia is the Doug Flag, an unofficial banner designed in 1994 by Alexander Baretich, consisting of three horizontal stripes—blue for skies, waters, and rivers; white for clouds and snow-capped mountains; and green for forests—with a central black silhouette of a Douglas fir tree denoting resilience and the bioregion's coniferous dominance.^[64] ^[65] This flag, often displayed at regional events and on apparel, encapsulates bioregional ethos by evoking the landscape's elemental features rather than political heraldry, and has gained informal recognition in Pacific Northwest subcultures since the 1990s.^[66] Prominent organizations advancing Cascadian autonomy include CascadiaNow!, a supporter-driven group established to raise bioregional awareness through mapping, education, and projects linking ecological, economic, and cultural elements across the region.^[67] The Cascadia Department of Bioregion organizes assemblies and initiatives for neighborhood-level democracy, aiming to build sustainable models via local participation and ethical governance.^[68] Cascadia Underground supports independence advocacy through publications, events, and the Cascadian Independence Project, which outlines democratic pathways to bioregional self-determination while connecting disparate groups.^[62] These entities, often volunteer-led and grant-funded, collaborate on events like bioregional congresses but operate as loose networks without centralized authority, reflecting the movement's decentralized principles.^[69]

Support, Polling, and Viability

Support for Cascadian independence remains marginal, with no large-scale, representative polls specifically measuring public opinion on forming a sovereign bioregion spanning Washington, Oregon, British Columbia, and adjacent areas. A 2024 analysis of state-level data indicated that 23% of Washington residents supported their state seceding from the United States, while 51% opposed it outright.^[70] In British Columbia, a 2020 survey found 27% favoring provincial independence from Canada, with support rising to higher levels among younger demographics (18-34 years old), though this pertains to BC alone rather than a cross-border Cascadia.^[71] Broader regional secession sentiment, as captured in a 2021 University of Virginia poll, showed elevated interest among West Coast Democrats for dividing the U.S. into regional entities, but overall figures hovered below 50% and did not address Cascadia explicitly.^[72] Advocacy groups within the movement, such as the Cascadia Department of Bioregion, cite a 2018 Zogby International survey showing 39% national U.S. support for secession concepts and 68% openness to the idea; however, this poll addressed general state or regional independence rather than Cascadia, and regional breakdowns indicated Pacific states at around 40-50% openness without majority commitment to action.^[8] Internal movement surveys, like the 2020 State of Cascadia report, reported 95% of respondents favoring a referendum on independence, but these drew from self-identified supporters and lack methodological transparency or random sampling, rendering them unrepresentative of the broader population.^[73] Viability assessments highlight formidable barriers, including U.S. Supreme Court precedent in Texas v. White (1869) deeming unilateral secession unconstitutional without federal consent, which applies to any Cascadian effort involving American states. Canadian constitutional requirements for provincial separation, as outlined in the Clarity Act (2000), demand clear majority referenda and negotiations, further complicated by Quebec precedents showing low success odds without overwhelming support. Economic analyses underscore interdependence: the proposed Cascadia's GDP, estimated at around $1.5 trillion if including California peripherally, relies heavily on national trade networks, federal infrastructure funding, and military protection, with secession risking trade disruptions under NAFTA/USMCA frameworks. Political momentum is constrained by the movement's niche status, with no major party endorsements and urban-rural divides in the Pacific Northwest mirroring national polarization rather than coalescing around bioregional autonomy. Independent observers, including academic reviews, characterize full independence as improbable absent catastrophic federal collapse, positioning Cascadia more as a cultural or cooperative framework than a feasible polity.^[58]

Criticisms and Practical Challenges

The Cascadia independence movement faces substantial legal obstacles, as unilateral secession from the United States violates the Constitution according to the Supreme Court's ruling in Texas v. White (1869), which held that the Union is perpetual and states cannot withdraw without consent from other states. In Canada, the Clarity Act of 2000 requires a clear referendum question and substantial majority for negotiations, a threshold unmet in regional polls and complicated by federal opposition to territorial fragmentation. These barriers render full independence improbable absent extraordinary circumstances like national dissolution, as historical precedents such as the American Civil War demonstrate the coercive response to secession attempts.^[58] Economic viability poses further challenges, given the region's deep integration into North American supply chains, with ports in Seattle, Vancouver, and Portland handling over $200 billion in annual trade reliant on U.S. and Canadian infrastructure and markets.^[74] Independence would necessitate establishing a new currency, customs regime, and defense apparatus, potentially disrupting tech sectors in Seattle (e.g., Amazon, Microsoft contributing ~15% of Washington's GDP) and resource extraction in British Columbia, while federal transfers and military protection underpin current stability.^[75] Critics note that the bioregion's economy, generating ~$1.5 trillion combined GDP across proposed territories, thrives on cross-border ties rather than isolation, risking capital flight and recession akin to post-secession struggles in regions like Catalonia.^[76] Internal political fragmentation undermines cohesion, with stark urban-rural divides: liberal coastal areas contrast with conservative eastern Washington and Oregon, where movements to join Idaho reflect opposition to Cascadian environmentalism and progressive policies.^[58] This disunity, evidenced by failed local secession bids like Greater Idaho (garnering ~10-20% support in rural counties as of 2020), could spawn counter-secessions, diluting any unified front.^[77] Ideologically, detractors contend the movement deviates from bioregionalism's ecological focus toward nationalism, manifesting in flags, anthems, and cultural revival efforts like Chinook Jargon that foster exclusionary identity rather than resource-based interdependence.^[78] Such tendencies risk attracting authoritarian elements, contradicting the movement's anti-statist roots, while low mainstream support—hovering below 25% in broader Pacific Northwest secession polls—highlights its fringe status amid competing regional loyalties.^[70] Proponents' pivot to "autonomy" over outright independence sidesteps some hurdles but evades rigorous feasibility testing, positioning Cascadia more as aspirational rhetoric than actionable policy.^[79]

Culture and Identity

Bioregionalism and Environmentalism

The Cascadia bioregion represents a foundational concept in bioregionalism, delineating a geographic area aligned with natural watersheds, ecoregions, and ecosystems rather than political borders. This bioregion typically spans the Pacific Northwest, incorporating the watersheds of major rivers such as the Columbia, Fraser, and Klamath, extending from southeastern Alaska southward to Cape Mendocino in northern California and eastward along the Rocky Mountains.^[80] Bioregionalism, as applied here, promotes human adaptation to local environmental limits through practices like permaculture, watershed stewardship, and decentralized economies that prioritize ecological carrying capacity over industrial expansion.^[59] The philosophy originated in collaborations between thinkers like Peter Berg and Raymond Dasmann in the mid-1970s, influencing Cascadian applications by emphasizing "reinhabitation"—reconnecting communities to their biotic communities.^[81] In Cascadia, bioregionalism intertwined with environmentalism during the 1970s and 1980s, emerging from broader ecological activism against logging, dam construction, and habitat fragmentation in temperate rainforests.^[10] The term "Cascadia" was coined in 1981 by Seattle University professor David McCloskey to articulate a shared regional identity rooted in natural features like the Cascade Range and salmon migration routes.^[3] This framework gained momentum at the First Cascadia Congress in July 1986, where over 100 ecologically minded participants at The Evergreen State College discussed bioregional mapping, sustainable forestry, and opposition to transboundary pollution from sources like U.S. and Canadian industrial effluents.^[82] Environmental activism within Cascadian bioregionalism has focused on preserving old-growth forests, restoring salmon habitats, and advocating for renewable energy transitions, often critiquing federal policies that prioritize resource extraction over biodiversity.^[3] Organizations like the Cascadia Department of Bioregion promote initiatives such as community-supported agriculture and watershed councils to foster self-reliance and reduce carbon footprints tied to long-distance trade.^[6] These efforts align with global bioregional trends but emphasize Cascadia's unique temperate rainforest ecology, where annual precipitation exceeds 200 inches in coastal zones, supporting keystone species like the Douglas fir and orca populations.^[61] Proponents argue that bioregional governance could mitigate risks from seismic activity and climate-driven wildfires by decentralizing decision-making to those with direct ecological stakes.^[83]

Media, Sports, and Popular Culture

In sports, the Cascadia Cup represents a prominent expression of bioregional identity through competition among Major League Soccer clubs from the core Cascadia cities: the Portland Timbers, Seattle Sounders FC, and Vancouver Whitecaps FC. Initiated in 2004 by fan supporter groups including the Timbers Army, Emerald City Supporters, and Vancouver Southsiders, the cup awards points based on results from interclub matches, with the highest-scoring team claiming the trophy annually.^[84] Vancouver Whitecaps FC captured the 2025 edition on September 27, marking their record eighth victory and highlighting the rivalry's intensity, which draws tens of thousands of attendees to matches and features elaborate tifos—large choreographed banners—depicting Cascadian symbols like the Douglas fir tree.^[85] ^[86] Complementary events include the Cascadia Dirt Cup, a mountain biking series emphasizing the bioregion's trails and outdoor ethos.^[86] Music tied to Cascadia often reflects its environmental and bioregional themes. Cascadian black metal, originating in the Olympia, Washington scene around the early 2000s, integrates motifs of forest ecology, isolation, and anti-urbanism, with bands such as Wolves in the Throne Room pioneering atmospheric soundscapes inspired by the Pacific Northwest's landscapes; the genre's name explicitly nods to the bioregion.^[87] Vancouver indie rock group Said the Whale released the album Cascadia in 2011, incorporating regional references to geography, sustainability, and local folklore.^[86] Folk traditions include "Cascadia the Free," a song by Littlebear and the Fostervillagers evoking autonomy and natural harmony.^[86] Additionally, "O'Cascadia" served as the anthem for the 2018 CONIFA World Football Cup, blending folk elements with calls for bioregional solidarity.^[88] In media and literature, Cascadia influences narratives centered on ecology, autonomy, and seismic risks. Ernest Callenbach's 1975 novel Ecotopia depicts a seceded Pacific Northwest state prioritizing steady-state economics and environmental restoration, providing a foundational utopian vision that shaped bioregionalist discourse.^[86] H.W. "Buzz" Bernard's 2016 thriller Cascadia simulates a magnitude 9.0 earthquake along the subduction zone, underscoring regional vulnerabilities based on geological data.^[89] Documentaries like Occupied Cascadia (2012) examine Indigenous decolonization efforts across the bioregion.^[86] The Cascadia International Women's Film Festival, based in Bellingham, Washington, has screened region-specific works since 2016, including those by Indigenous filmmakers, and marked its 10th anniversary with expanded programming in 2026.^[90] Local critics, via the Cascadian Film and Television Critics Association founded in 2022, analyze Pacific Northwest productions, reinforcing cultural self-awareness.^[91]

Places and Other Uses

Named Locations

Cascadia is an unincorporated community in Linn County, Oregon, situated along the South Santiam River at the confluence with Soda Creek.^[92] The community originated as a settlement in 1890, deriving its name from the nearby Cascade Range, and developed around natural mineral springs that attracted early visitors for their purported health benefits.^[93] Adjacent to the community lies Cascadia County Park (formerly Cascadia State Park), a recreational area spanning 38 acres along the South Santiam River, offering camping, picnicking, fishing, and access to hiking trails leading to Soda Creek Falls, a 90-foot waterfall.^[92] The park's infrastructure includes a historic covered bridge built in 1955, riverfront day-use areas, and group camping facilities, with its history tied to a 19th-century resort era centered on the mineral springs.^[94] Management transferred from state to county oversight in the late 20th century to preserve local access amid budget constraints.^[92] No other prominent geographic locations bear the name Cascadia, though the term occasionally appears in informal or branded contexts unrelated to permanent settlements, such as temporary event sites or fictional mappings.^[95]

Organizations, Brands, and Media

The Cascadia Department of Bioregion is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization established to promote bioregional awareness and sustainability in the Pacific Northwest, maintaining a directory of affiliated groups and initiatives focused on ecological and cultural ties across the region.^[83] Similarly, Cascadia Wildlands, founded in the 1990s from forest defense efforts, operates as a conservation group advocating for old-growth forest protection through legal, grassroots, and policy actions in Oregon, Washington, and surrounding areas.^[96] Cascadia Research Collective, incorporated in 1979, conducts marine mammal studies primarily funded by government grants, contributing data on cetacean populations off the U.S. West Coast.^[97] Other entities include the Cascadia Association Football Federation (CAFF), which organizes soccer events and promotes regional identity through sports, and CascadiaNow!, a stewardship-focused group supporting bioregional projects like climate action and habitat restoration since the 2000s.^[67]^[69] Cascadia Community College, opened in 2003 in Bothell, Washington, serves local students with programs in STEM, business, and arts, drawing its name from the surrounding bioregion. In media, Cascadia Daily News, launched in 2021 as an independent outlet in Bellingham, Washington, covers local news, sports, and events in Whatcom and Skagit counties via digital and weekly print editions, emphasizing hyperlocal reporting outside traditional paywalls for elections.^[98]^[99] Cascadia Times focuses on environmental journalism spanning Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and adjacent states, highlighting bioregional issues like ecosystem threats and policy responses.^[100] Brands named Cascadia are less centralized but include niche products tied to regional themes; for instance, Cascadia-themed merchandise such as maps, posters, and apparel is distributed through bioregional advocacy outlets to foster identity and sustainability awareness.^[67] Organizational directories also list initiatives like Cascadia Food, which promotes local agriculture networks, though commercial brands remain fragmented without a dominant player.^[69]

References

[1]
WHAT IS CASCADIA? | Cascadia Magazine
The term “Cascadia” is generally used to refer to the bioregion that encompasses the drainages of the greater Columbia and Fraser Rivers. This territory, ...
[2]
The Cascadia Bioregion - The Decolonial Atlas
Dec 10, 2014 · Cascadia is defined as the watersheds of the rivers that flow into the Pacific Ocean through North America's temperate rainforest zone.
[3]
History of the Cascadia Movement
Cascadia is an idea, identity, movement and bioregion, that has been growing since the 1980s, driven by a vision of sustainability, environmental stewardship, ...
[4]
The Cascadia Megaregion: Facts and Figures
The Cascadia mega-region, which stretches up from Portland, Oregon through Seattle and into Vancouver, Canada, is home to nearly 10 million people.
[5]
About | Cascadia Innovation Corridor
and we saw a 30% increase in our population from 2000-2020. · Our combined GDP is $600 billion — about the same ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[6]
The Cascadia Movement
The modern Cascadia independence and political movement was founded in 2005 by Brandon Letsinger who began CascadiaNow! the Cascadia Independence Project.
[7]
Independence | Cascadia Underground
Cascadia is host to one of the largest independence movements in North America. Cascadia has been listed as #7 on Time Magazines top 10 most likely to succeed.
[8]
Independence — Cascadia Department of Bioregion
Cascadia is host to one of the largest independence movements in North America. Cascadia has been listed as #7 on Time Magazine's top 10 most likely to succeed.
[9]
Defining a Bioregion
A bioregion is an area defined by natural boundaries, rather than arbitrary human made ones. These are generally ridges, peaks or trenches. A bioregion is the ...
[10]
[PDF] Cascadia Bioregion - Earth Law Center
Cascadia comprises 75 distinct ecoregions and stretches over 2,500 miles from Alaska's Copper River to Cape Mendocino in Northern. California, reaching as far ...
[11]
Map a Bioregion - Regenerate Cascadia
Cascadia is a(n); bioregion defined by our watersheds and natural boundaries. It stretches from southeast Alaska along the Cascadia Subduction Zone to Cape ...
[12]
The Cascadia Bioregion: Facts and Figures
The Cascadia Bioregion encompasses all or portions of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, California, Nevada, Wyoming, Montana, Alaska, British Columbia, and Alberta.
[13]
https://cascadianow.org/mapping-cascadia
[14]
Bioregional Boundaries
The Cascadia bioregion is comprised of 75 distinct ecoregions that spread across an incredible diversity and range of habitats, wilderness and landscapes.
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Cascadia | U.S. Geological Survey - USGS.gov
The Cascadia subduction zone extends from northern California to southern British Columbia, from well offshore to eastern Washington and Oregon.
[16]
Cascadia Bioregion Boundary - Overview - ArcGIS Online
Cascadia Bioregion boundaries were delineated based on the boundaries of watersheds. The definition of which watersheds to use was based primarily on the ...
[17]
https://cascadianow.org/bioregionalism
[18]
Physical Regions of the Pacific Northwest - Cow Creek Education
t L o w la n d. Salmon River. Mountains. C a s c a d e. R a n g e. C o a s t R a n g e. Snake River Plateau. Klamath. Mountains. Olympic. Peninsula. C olum bia ...
[19]
The Pacific Northwest - Raven Maps
Nov 8, 2018 · Shasta reach over 14,000 feet; the range extends over 600 miles from Mt. Garibaldi in British Columbia to Mt. Lassen in California. This ...
[20]
North Cascades | Department of Natural Resources - WA DNR
The sharp peaks, and rugged terrain of the northern portion of the range have an average elevation of 7,000 feet and are home to numerous alpine glaciers.
[21]
[PDF] Pacific Northwest - University of Idaho Library
The highest peak is Mount Rainier, which is in the Washington Cascades and stands 14,410 feet high.
[22]
Cascade Mountain Range in Oregon
The Cascade Range in Oregon is 260 miles long, 90 miles wide, volcanic in origin, and divided into Western and High Cascades. It is a barrier between the wet ...
[23]
Columbia River - American Rivers
The Columbia River Basin covers 258,000 square miles and includes parts of seven states and one Canadian province. In its 1,200 mile course to the ocean, the ...
[24]
Pacific Northwest | PNW States, History & Geography - Lesson
The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest at 1,243 miles in length. It begins in the Rocky Mountains of Canada, continues through ...
[25]
Rivers in the Cascadia Bioregion - ArcGIS StoryMaps
Mar 14, 2021 · The largest and most important rivers include the Columbia, stretching from southeast B.C. to the Oregon Coast, the Fraser, covering much of ...<|separator|>
[26]
Cascadia, Geography of Bioregion, Name, Flag, Images & Maps ...
Cascadia curves from coast to crest--from the Pacific Ocean on the west, to the Rocky Mountains and Continental Divide on the east. On the seafloor Cascadia ...
[27]
Media Tip Sheet: Ecology of the Pacific Northwest and the Cascadia ...
Jul 12, 2023 · Its diverse marine and coastal environments host whales, puffins and vibrant kelp forests. The annual salmon runs in the region's rivers ...
[28]
Cascadia Bioregion
In all – more than 350 bird and mammal species, 48 reptiles, hundreds of fungi, lichen, and and thousands of invertebrates and soil organisms call Cascadia home ...
[29]
Restoring the Pacific Northwest - Island Press |
The Pacific Northwest is a global ecological "hotspot" because of its relatively healthy native ecosystems, a high degree of biodiversity, and the number ...<|separator|>
[30]
Forests of Cascadia
It has temperate rainforests, dry pine forests, boreal forests, alpine ... B.C.'s rich forest diversity includes more than 40 different species of ...
[31]
Cascadia Subduction Zone - Pacific Northwest Seismic Network
The Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) "megathrust" fault is a 1,000 km long dipping fault that stretches from Northern Vancouver Island to Cape Mendocino ...Missing: verifiable | Show results with:verifiable
[32]
Cascadia Subduction Zone Marine Geohazards - USGS.gov
The Cascadia Subduction Zone is a 1,300 km tectonic boundary where large earthquakes and tsunamis can occur, with uncertainty in their extent.
[33]
Subduction Zone Science | U.S. Geological Survey - USGS.gov
The Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) is an exceptional geologic environment for recording evidence of land level changes, tsunamis, and ground motion that reveals ...
[34]
Pacific NW—The Cascadia Subduction Zone (geomorphology) - IRIS
Arc Volcanoes, which grow above the point where the subducting plate reaches about 100 km depth. Melting of the rock requires a particular pressure ...Missing: length | Show results with:length
[35]
[PDF] Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes - WA DNR
Called episodic tremor and slip, these events are believed to originate along the plate interface at depths below the locked zone. About 15–28 miles (25–45.
[36]
Near full locking on the shallow megathrust of the central Cascadia ...
Sep 1, 2025 · The Cascadia subduction zone represents a seismic hazard to the Pacific Northwest region of North America, yet the state of fault locking ...<|separator|>
[37]
Subducting plate structure and megathrust morphology from deep ...
Jun 7, 2024 · The Juan de Fuca plate is fragmenting within the seismogenic zone at Cascadia as the young plate bends beneath the heterogeneous upper plate.
[38]
Cascadia Subduction Zone Database | U.S. Geological Survey
Jul 5, 2022 · The Cascadia database includes marine trackline locations, data downloads, datasets on earthquake hazards and tectonics, and an ArcGIS map with ...
[39]
M 9.0 - The 1700 Cascadia Earthquake
M 9.0 - The 1700 Cascadia Earthquake ... This earthquake, one of the largest in the history of North America, was found by combining First Nations and Native ...
[40]
The M9 Cascadia Megathrust Earthquake of January 26, 1700
At 9PM on January 26, 1700 one of the world's largest earthquakes occurred along the west coast of North America.
[41]
Cascadia Subduction Zone : Hazards and Preparedness - Oregon.gov
The Cascadia Subduction Zone is a 700-mile fault with a potential 9.0+ magnitude earthquake and a 100-foot tsunami. A 7.1+ earthquake is predicted in the next ...Missing: verifiable | Show results with:verifiable
[42]
JetStream Max: Cascadia Subduction Zone - NOAA
Oct 20, 2023 · In fact, scientists have estimated that over the last 10,000 years, more than 40 earthquakes greater than magnitude 8 occurred somewhere along ...
[43]
Uncovering 14,000 Years of Seismic Activity in Northern Cascadia
New USGS research documents a 14,000-year history of seismic activity preserved in the sediments of Ozette Lake, a ~100-meter (328-foot) deep coastal lake ...
[44]
[PDF] Long-Term Paleoseismic Records along the Cascadia Subduction ...
Long-Term Paleoseismic Records along the Cascadia Subduction Zone and. Northern San Andreas Fault based on. Turbidite Stratigraphy. Chris Goldfinger, Oregon ...
[45]
Evidence for large earthquakes at the Cascadia Subduction Zone
Nov 1, 1997 · The coastal geological evidence suggests that many of the earthquakes occurred at the boundary between the overriding North American plate and ...<|separator|>
[46]
Compiled onshore and offshore paleoseismic data along the ...
Mar 5, 2024 · The USGS Powell Center Cascadia earthquake hazards working group compiled published onshore and offshore paleoseismic data along the Cascadia subduction zone.
[47]
Ahead of a Cascadia earthquake, Oregon Gov. Kotek signs order for ...
Sep 9, 2025 · Major earthquakes are expected to strike the Cascadia Subduction Zone every 300-500 years, according to researchers. January 2025 marked the ...Missing: monitoring | Show results with:monitoring
[48]
Earthquake probabilities and hazards in the U.S. Pacific Northwest
Sep 19, 2025 · The timing of past earthquakes indicates that there is an 85-percent chance of a magnitude 6.5 or greater deep earthquake in the Puget Sound ...Missing: current | Show results with:current
[49]
Pacific Northwest counties prepare for 'The Big One'
According to FEMA, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake on the Cascadia fault would kill an estimated 14,000 people in Oregon and Washington. Not a matter of 'if'. What ...Missing: current probability
[50]
Double threat of Cascadia earthquake and sea-level rise ... - OPB
a magnitude 9.0+ Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake — could happen any time now based on its history.
[51]
San Andreas, Cascadia faults could produce back-to-back ...
Oct 7, 2025 · New research suggests the San Andreas fault and the Cascadia subduction zone could produce devastating back-to-back earthquake disasters.
[52]
Link between Cascadia and San Andreas Fault earthquakes ...
Oct 13, 2025 · Geological records hint that earthquakes at the Cascadia subduction zone might trigger the San Andreas Fault.
[53]
2024 PNSN Earthquake Catalog | Pacific Northwest Seismic ...
Jan 30, 2025 · Small earthquakes under Gold Bar. January 2. The Last Cascadia Great Earthquake and Tsunami; 313 Years and Ticking · A flash in the sky, a thump ...
[54]
Recent earthquakes near the Mendocino triple junction
Aftershocks of the December 5, 2024 M7 earthquake As of January 27, 2025, over 540 earthquakes have been reported on our near the rupture zone of the December ...
[55]
[PDF] The ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning System and the Federal ...
There is evidence of at least 12 M8.0+ earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone over the past 6,700 years. Robert C. Witter, Harvey M. Kelsey, and. Eileen ...
[56]
2025 USGS Subduction Zone Science Meeting - USGS.gov
The US Geological Survey (USGS) is hosting an in-person Subduction Zone Science meeting at the University of Washington from January 8–9, 2025.
[57]
Rumblings: Preparing for Cascadia - Documentary Screening and ...
Jan 7, 2025 · January 26, 2025 marks the 325th anniversary of the last megathrust earthquake along the Cascadia Subduction Zone, the 700-mile-long fault ...Missing: developments | Show results with:developments
[58]
[PDF] A Rising Movement for an Independent Northwest Amid Growing ...
Nov 2, 2024 · From there, transitioning into the focus on secession specifically in Cascadia, with both the historical context and the recent rise in ...<|separator|>
[59]
Cascadia Department of Bioregion
Bioregionalism stresses that the determination of a bioregion is also a cultural phenomenon, and emphasizes local populations, knowledge, and solutions. It is ...
[60]
Cascadia & Bioregionalism - CascadiaNow!
Cascadia is a bioregion. Cascadia defines the Pacific Northwest of the United States and Canada, incorporating British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, ...
[61]
Cascadia and the Global Resurgence of Bioregional Activism
Sep 4, 2024 · Cascadia activism is part of a larger global movement that wants to reinvent markets, cultures and identities to sync with regional ecosystems.
[62]
Steps to Bioregional Independence | Cascadia Underground
The Cascadian Independence Project firmly believes that any transitionary process must be an inherently democratic one. It cannot be any specific group ...
[63]
Fear and Loathing in Cascadia | Britta Lokting - The Baffler
Feb 27, 2018 · The CIP, I was told, wants to forego left-right party ideologies and unite Cascadia as an independent country defined by the natural border of ...
[64]
Our Flag | Cascadia Underground
The Cascadia Doug flag has blue for skies/waters, white for mountains, green for trees, and a Douglas Fir for resilience, symbolizing the Cascadian bioregion.
[65]
Why the Doug Flag - Cascadia Department of Bioregion
The Doug flag symbolizes the Cascadia bioregion, with blue for water, white for snow, green for forests, and a fir for resilience, representing shared regional ...
[66]
The Cascadia Flag needs serious design help | by Alan McConchie
May 18, 2023 · The most prominent symbol of Cascadia is its flag (designed in 1994 by Alexander Baretich) which consists of three horizontal stripes of blue, white, and green.
[67]
CascadiaNow!
As an action, Cascadia is a positive, place-based drive with the idea that political borders are fine where they are now (CascadiaNow!) when working in harmony ...Map & poster downloads · Cascadia & Bioregionalism · Our Projects · MembershipMissing: facts | Show results with:facts
[68]
Cascadian Bioregional Assemblies
The Cascadia Department of Bioregion is a pro-democracy movement that encourages every person, group and organization to help build neighborhood assemblies ...
[69]
Directory of Cascadia Organizations
Our Directory of Cascadian Organizations is a list created by the Department of Bioregion of organizations, groups, programs, competitions and events ...
[70]
Polls Show Nearly a Quarter of Washingtonians Support Secession
Mar 25, 2024 · Analysts found that 23% supported their state withdrawing from the US, 28% would support another state seceding, 51% said they opposed secession ...
[71]
Cascadia (independence movement) Facts for Kids
Oct 17, 2025 · The Cascadia movement is made up of different groups with various goals. Some groups want the Cascadia bioregion to become fully independent. ...
[72]
While regional independence gains traction, we need to consider ...
Jan 24, 2023 · A 2021 University of Virginia poll showed strong support for independence from the US in all regions, with greatest support among West Coast Democrats and ...
[73]
State of Cascadia 2020
95% would support a referendum for Cascadian independence · 87% think independence is as likely or more likely than this time last year · 94% think the movement ...Missing: polling | Show results with:polling
[74]
Cascadia could be an economic powerhouse - The Seattle Times
May 2, 2025 · Goals around infrastructure are the biggest challenges. Under the Biden administration, the federal government kicked in some funds for the ...
[75]
Could Cascadia succeed as an independent nation? - Quora
Jan 20, 2019 · If all of the geographical watersheds were one country, it would perhaps be viable, but it would be a challenge in today's global economy. Its ...
[76]
Envisioning Cascadia as an Autonomous Region: a Hybrid Approach
Dec 2, 2024 · To ensure a smooth and sustainable transition to this autonomous structure, Cascadia would need to implement collaborative governance mechanisms ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[77]
Some Oregonians Want To Leave And Take Part Of The State ... - NPR
Feb 24, 2020 · Some rural Oregonians are so frustrated by Democratic politics that they want to leave the state. But not by moving elsewhere.<|separator|>
[78]
Goodbye, Cascadia: A Retrospective on a Political Mistake - C4SS
Jun 6, 2019 · For a while, I thought the claims that the Cascadia movement was nationalistic were based on fundamental misunderstandings of bioregionalism. I ...
[79]
Could a Cascadian Secession Actually Happen? - Seattle Met
May 15, 2017 · After the election, a surge of Cascadians were looking for assurance that they don't live in that America, the one that put Donald Trump into office.Missing: challenges | Show results with:challenges
[80]
Ecoregions and Watersheds - Regenerate Cascadia
Cascadia is a bioregion defined by watersheds and natural boundaries, stretching from southeast Alaska to Cape Mendocino, and along the rocky mountains to the ...
[81]
What is Bioregionalism? | Cascadia Underground
Mar 4, 2023 · Bioregional education is guided by the vision of long-term sustainability of the Earth community, and it promotes the transformation from ...
[82]
First Cascadia Congress
In late July, 1986, over 100 ecologically-oriented people from throughout the Cascadia Bioregion gathered at The Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington ...
[83]
Cascadia Department of Bioregion
The Cascadia Department of Bioregion is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit and social movement organization working to support the idea of Cascadia and promote ...The Movement · Bioregionalism · Cascadia Store · Cascadia GroupsMissing: activism | Show results with:activism
[84]
About the Cascadia Cup
The Cascadia Cup formally started in 2004 as a supporters cup. The biggest supporters groups for the three clubs are the Emerald City Supporters, the Timbers ...Missing: Cascadian | Show results with:Cascadian
[85]
Top four and Cascadia Cup secured | Vancouver Whitecaps FC
Sep 27, 2025 · SEATTLE, WA – Vancouver Whitecaps FC secured a record-eighth Cascadia Cup title and ...Missing: Cascadian | Show results with:Cascadian
[86]
Cascadia in Popular Culture
A list created by the Department of Bioregion of events, popular culture, organizations, and terms that define important elements within the Cascadia movement.
[87]
THE CASCADIAN BLACK-METAL - BlackSunWheel - WordPress.com
Nov 7, 2013 · What is Cascadia? 220px-Flag_of_Cascadia.svg. It is a bioregion including some of the US and Canada Northwest territories. (a bioregion is a ...
[88]
Our Cascadia Anthem: O'Cascadia
Jun 2, 2018 · O'Cascadia is the 2018 CONIFA World Cup Anthem, inspired by the Northwest, reflecting bioregionalism, and a folk anthem for a sustainable, ...
[89]
A Review of Cascadia by H.W. “Buzz” Bernard | Bill's Book Reviews
Jul 11, 2016 · Cascadia ; by H.W. “Buzz” Bernard ; Book Details. Release: July 11, 2016. Publisher: Bell Bridge Books ISBN: 978-1-61194-679-6. Price: $15.95
[90]
CASCADIA Celebrates 10th Anniversary With 2026 Festival
Oct 6, 2025 · CASCADIA presents programs for short subject films, feature narrative and documentary films. CASCADIA also searches for films by Indigenous ...
[91]
Who We Are - Cascadian Film and Television Critics Association
Founded by Dakota Arsenault, Thomas Stoneham-Judge and Matthew Simpson in 2022, the Cascadia Film & Television Critics Association is a group of passionate ...
[92]
Cascadia County Park
Located at the confluence of Soda Creek and the South Santiam River, Cascadia County Park has a rich native American and pioneer history.
[93]
Where does the name 'Cascadia' come from? - Brandon Letsinger
Dec 31, 2019 · The name 'Cascadia' itself wasn't heard until much later, until it was first used by the town Cascadia, Oregon that was settled in 1890 in what is now Linn ...
[94]
[PDF] Cascadia - Oregon State Parks
Cascadia State Park, on a former resort site, features the South Santiam River, a unique bridge, and camping. It was once a resort with a mineral spring.
[95]
Cascadia, the Name
The name 'Cascadia' itself wasn't heard until much later, until it was first used by the town Cascadia, Oregon that was settled in 1890 in what is now Linn ...
[96]
History - Cascadia Wildlands
Born from the forest defense movement of the 1990s, Cascadia Wildlands has grown into a powerful force protecting the wild landscapes, species, and communities ...Missing: notable | Show results with:notable
[97]
Home - https://cascadiaresearch.org
Since incorporation in 1979, Cascadia Research has received grants and contracts, primarily from government agencies, to pursue research in a variety of areas.Missing: organizations | Show results with:organizations
[98]
Cascadia Daily News: Bellingham, WA Local News, Sports, Events
Cascadia Daily News provides in-depth election coverage of Whatcom and Skagit counties for readers free, outside our paywall, as a public service.Where to buy the Cascadia... · CDN Policy: Social Media · Log In · Local
[99]
Cascadia Daily News - Report for America
Cascadia Daily News, a three-year-old news startup, is a hyperlocal, fiercely independent digital/print publication covering Northwest Washington state.
[100]
About - Cascadia Times
Cascadia Times publishes environmental journalism from the Cascadia Bioregion: Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, Alaska, Montana, Idaho and Northern ...