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Raptor

Raptor is a term used in various contexts, most commonly referring to birds of prey. It may also refer to: For the biological meaning as birds of prey, see Animals > Birds of prey.

Animals

Birds of prey

Raptors, commonly known as birds of prey, are a group of hypercarnivorous avian species that actively hunt and feed on other vertebrates, primarily comprising diurnal hunters from the orders Accipitriformes and Falconiformes, with nocturnal owls from Strigiformes often included due to shared predatory adaptations.^[1] These birds are characterized by their specialized anatomy for predation, including sharp, hooked beaks adapted for tearing flesh; powerful, curved talons on strong feet for grasping and immobilizing prey; and exceptional eyesight, often with forward-facing eyes providing binocular vision and high acuity for detecting movement from great distances.^[2] Additionally, many raptors exhibit remarkable flight agility, enabling soaring, hovering, or high-speed dives to pursue and capture prey effectively.^[3] The major families within these orders include Accipitridae, which encompasses hawks, eagles, harriers, kites, and Old World vultures, known for their broad wings suited to soaring; Falconidae, featuring falcons and caracaras with notched beaks and rapid flight capabilities; and Pandionidae, consisting solely of the osprey, a fish specialist with reversible outer toes for gripping slippery prey.^[4] Ecologically, raptors serve as apex predators that regulate populations of rodents, small mammals, birds, and other vertebrates, thereby maintaining biodiversity and preventing overgrazing or disease outbreaks in their habitats; for instance, species like the red-tailed hawk help control rodent numbers in agricultural areas, reducing pest-related crop damage.^[5]^[6] Conservation efforts for raptors face significant challenges, as habitat loss from urbanization and deforestation threatens many species, while historical pesticide use, particularly DDT, caused widespread eggshell thinning and reproductive failure—exemplified by the peregrine falcon's near-extinction in North America by the 1970s, with populations dropping to fewer than 400 breeding pairs.^[7] Overall, as of 2023, about 20% of raptor species are classified as threatened globally, with ongoing risks from electrocution on power lines, collisions with wind turbines, and illegal hunting.^[8] Historical taxonomic classifications have evolved, notably with the separation of New World vultures (family Cathartidae) into their own order Cathartiformes, distinct from the traditional inclusion in Falconiformes alongside hawks and falcons, based on molecular and morphological evidence recognizing their unique evolutionary lineage closer to storks than to other raptors.^[9]

Predatory dinosaurs

The term "raptor" as applied to predatory dinosaurs originates from the Latin word raptor, meaning "robber" or "plunderer," which was incorporated into the genus name Velociraptor to reflect its swift, thieving predatory behavior.^[10] This informal moniker has since been extended colloquially to the broader Dromaeosauridae family, a clade of small to medium-sized theropod dinosaurs characterized by their carnivorous habits, though the formal family name derives from Greek roots meaning "running lizards."^[11] Key genera within Dromaeosauridae include Velociraptor, known from the Late Cretaceous Djadochta Formation in Mongolia approximately 75 million years ago, where specimens reached lengths of about 6 feet (2 meters) and showed evidence of group interactions through fossils entangled with prey like Protoceratops, suggesting possible pack-hunting or scavenging behaviors.^[12] Another prominent genus is Deinonychus, from the Early Cretaceous Cloverly Formation in North America around 115 million years ago, measuring up to 11 feet (3.4 meters) long; its discovery played a pivotal role in popularizing the "raptor" label, as the larger, more formidable dinosaurs depicted in films like Jurassic Park were modeled after Deinonychus but erroneously named Velociraptor.^[13] Dromaeosaurids possessed distinctive physical adaptations for predation, including retractable, sickle-shaped claws on the second toe of each foot, which could measure up to 3.5 inches (9 cm) long and were likely used to slash or grapple prey, complemented by an agile, lightweight build with a stiffened tail for balance during high-speed pursuits.^[14] Fossil evidence, particularly from the genus Microraptor in China's Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota, reveals that many dromaeosaurids were covered in pennaceous feathers, forming wing-like structures on their arms and legs, which may have aided in gliding, display, or insulation rather than powered flight.^[15] Evolutionarily, Dromaeosauridae represents a critical branch within the Paraves clade, closely related to avialans (the group including modern birds), with shared traits like hollow bones, wishbones, and feathered integument bridging non-avian theropods to avian dinosaurs and underscoring birds as surviving dinosaurs.^[11] Their adaptations highlight a transitional phase in theropod evolution toward greater agility and aerial capabilities seen in birds today. The discovery history of these dinosaurs began with Velociraptor, whose first fossils—a skull and claw—were unearthed in 1923 during expeditions to Mongolia's Gobi Desert and formally described in 1924 by paleontologist Henry Fairfield Osborn, initially based on limited material that emphasized its predatory claws.^[12] Deinonychus was identified in the 1960s by John Ostrom, who described multiple well-preserved specimens from Montana in 1969, revealing its bird-like anatomy and reigniting debates on the dinosaur-bird evolutionary link through features like reversed hallux toes and furcula bones.^[16] A common popular misconception portrays raptors as large, human-sized predators, as dramatized in media where Velociraptor is depicted as standing nearly 6 feet (1.8 meters) tall, whereas actual specimens were closer to the size of a large turkey, weighing around 33 pounds (15 kg) and standing about 1.6 feet (0.5 meters) at the hip.^[17] This exaggeration stems from conflating Velociraptor with the bigger Deinonychus, amplifying their fearsome reputation beyond fossil evidence.^[13]

Computing and technology

Software and programming

RAPTOR is a flowchart-based visual programming language and environment designed primarily for educational purposes, allowing users to create and execute algorithms without dealing with textual syntax complexities. Developed by faculty at the United States Air Force Academy in the early 2000s, it was created to introduce programming concepts to non-computer science majors by emphasizing logical flow and problem-solving over code writing.^[18]^[19] The tool uses graphical symbols for control structures such as loops, conditionals, assignments, and calls, enabling students to visualize program execution through flowchart tracing. It supports basic data structures like variables, arrays, and strings, and is particularly valued in STEM education for building algorithmic thinking in introductory courses.^[20] Key features of RAPTOR include its simplicity in avoiding syntax errors common in text-based languages, automatic code generation in languages like Java, C++, or Python for translation exercises, and interactive debugging via step-by-step execution highlighting. These elements make it effective for teaching concepts like sequence, selection, and iteration without overwhelming beginners. Since its inception, RAPTOR has been freely distributed and adopted in over 30 countries for computer science education, with updates maintaining compatibility with modern operating systems such as Windows, macOS, and Linux through the 2020s, including enhancements for plugin support and object-oriented extensions.^[18]^[21] RaptorDB is an open-source NoSQL document-oriented database engine tailored for high-speed analytics and data processing in .NET environments. Introduced in 2011 as a key-value store and evolved into a full document store by 2012, it supports JSON-based documents with automatic hybrid bitmap indexing for efficient querying and aggregation.^[22]^[23] The engine emphasizes in-memory processing through features like burst insert handlers for rapid data ingestion and in-memory caching for indexes, enabling sub-millisecond query times on large datasets without traditional relational constraints.^[22] It includes compiled map functions in C# for custom data transformations and LINQ integration for declarative queries, making it suitable for real-time analytics applications.^[24] Other notable software tools named Raptor include RAPTOR, a bioinformatics tool for protein structure prediction using integer programming and dynamic programming techniques, though it has been adapted in some contexts for related molecular modeling tasks. These tools highlight the diverse applications of the Raptor name in software development and scientific computing.

Hardware and systems

Intel's Raptor Lake represents the codename for the company's 13th and 14th generation Core processors, introduced as a successor to the Alder Lake architecture with an enhanced hybrid design featuring Performance-cores (P-cores) and Efficient-cores (E-cores) to optimize multi-threading efficiency.^[25] The 13th generation desktop processors launched on October 20, 2022, while the 14th generation Raptor Lake Refresh debuted on October 17, 2023, both built on Intel's Intel 7 process node.^[26] This hybrid architecture refines the P-core (Raptor Cove) and E-core (Gracemont) designs from Alder Lake, enabling better power distribution for demanding workloads by assigning performance-intensive tasks to P-cores and background processes to E-cores.^[27] Key technical specifications of Raptor Lake include support for up to 24 cores (8 P-cores and 16 E-cores) and 32 threads in flagship models like the Core i9-13900K, with maximum turbo frequencies reaching 5.8 GHz on P-cores.^[25] The platform supports DDR5-5600 memory and up to 16 lanes of PCIe 5.0 for graphics cards, alongside compatibility with DDR4 for broader adoption, enhancing bandwidth for high-speed storage and GPUs.^[28] Performance benchmarks indicate a 15% increase in single-threaded instructions per cycle (IPC) and up to 41% multi-threaded uplift compared to Alder Lake, driven by higher core counts and clock speeds, as measured in applications like Cinebench.^[29] In terms of evolution, the desktop successor to Raptor Lake is Arrow Lake (Core Ultra 200K series), released in October 2024, while the mobile line transitioned to Meteor Lake (Core Ultra series) in late 2023, introducing a tile-based design with integrated neural processing units (NPUs) for on-device AI.^[30] By 2025, updates to the Raptor Lake Refresh lineup, including variants optimized for edge AI inference such as the Core 200H series, were announced at CES, offering improved power efficiency for AI workloads without altering the core architecture.^[31] As of early 2025, Raptor Lake continued to outsell newer Core Ultra offerings in some segments.^[32] These enhancements position Raptor Lake derivatives as cost-effective options for AI-accelerated computing in desktops and laptops. Raptor Lake processors find primary applications in gaming and content creation, where the increased core count and IPC gains enable smoother frame rates in titles like Cyberpunk 2077 and faster rendering in tools such as Adobe Premiere Pro.^[33] Post-2023, the architecture significantly influenced PC builds and contributed to Intel's market share recovery in the desktop segment amid competition from AMD's Zen 4. Earlier hardware named Raptor includes the Raptor GFX PCI graphics card developed by Tech Source, Inc. in the 1990s, designed as a universal 32-bit PCI video adapter for workstations and compatible PCs, supporting basic 2D acceleration and VGA output.^[34]

Military

Aircraft and aviation

The Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor is a fifth-generation stealth fighter aircraft developed for the United States Air Force, designed primarily for air superiority missions with advanced stealth, speed, and maneuverability capabilities. Its first flight occurred on September 7, 1997, and it achieved initial operating capability on December 15, 2005.^[35]^[36] The F-22 features supercruise capability, allowing sustained supersonic flight at speeds greater than Mach 1.5 without the use of afterburners, which enhances its range and reduces infrared signature during high-speed operations.^[36] Key design elements of the F-22 include two Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 turbofan engines, each providing up to 35,000 pounds of thrust with afterburners and incorporating two-dimensional thrust-vectoring nozzles for superior maneuverability.^[36] The aircraft's integrated avionics suite fuses data from multiple sensors, including radar and infrared systems, to provide pilots with a comprehensive battlefield picture.^[36] Its low-observability design achieves a radar cross-section of less than 0.01 m² from the front, primarily through shaped airframe geometry, radar-absorbent materials, and internal weapon bays. A total of 195 F-22 aircraft were produced between 2002 and 2012, with 187 configured for operational use and the remainder for testing.^[37] The fleet entered combat for the first time on September 23, 2014, conducting airstrikes against Islamic State targets in Syria as part of Operation Inherent Resolve, and continued operations in the region through 2018, demonstrating its role in precision strikes and air dominance.^[38] While initial plans considered retiring the F-22 in the early 2030s due to sustainment costs and the arrival of next-generation platforms, ongoing evaluations as of 2025 indicate potential service life extensions beyond that timeframe.^[39] As of November 2025, the U.S. Air Force is implementing viability upgrades to the F-22 fleet, focusing on enhanced electronic warfare capabilities, such as improved jamming and countermeasures against advanced threats, and integration with the Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) program for collaborative operations with sixth-generation aircraft.^[40] These modifications include open mission systems architecture for rapid technology insertion and upgraded sensors to maintain superiority in contested environments.^[41] In addition to fixed-wing fighters, the name "Raptor" is associated with the Reconnaissance Airborne Pod for Tornado (RAPTOR), a pod-mounted imaging system developed for the Royal Air Force's Tornado GR4 aircraft to support intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions. Deployed operationally from 2008, primarily in Afghanistan and later in Libya, the RAPTOR pod enabled real-time intelligence gathering through high-resolution digital electro-optical and infrared sensors, allowing for the capture and immediate downlink of imagery to ground stations for targeting and battle damage assessment. The pod's design supported standoff reconnaissance, producing detailed images from altitudes up to 30,000 feet, and was integral to RAF operations for providing actionable intelligence without exposing aircrews to direct threats. The system was retired in 2019 upon the decommissioning of the Tornado GR4 fleet.^[42]^[43]^[44]

Naval and ground vehicles

The Raptor-class patrol boat, designated Project 03160 by the Russian Navy, represents a key asset in coastal defense and rapid response operations, serving as a high-speed vessel capable of both naval patrol and limited ground troop insertion roles. Developed by the Pella Shipyard in St. Petersburg, the design emphasizes modularity for missions including anti-sabotage patrols, search-and-rescue, and interception of small surface threats, with a shallow draft allowing operations in littoral zones close to shore for supporting ground forces in urban or coastal combat scenarios.^[45] The boats feature a displacement of 23 tons, a length of 16.9 meters, a beam of 4.1 meters, and a draught of 0.9 meters, enabling high maneuverability in confined waters.^[46] Powered by two Caterpillar C18 diesel engines producing approximately 2,000 horsepower total, the Raptor achieves a maximum speed of 50 knots and a range of 300 nautical miles at economic speed, making it suitable for quick deployments in support of ground operations along coastlines.^[47] Armament typically includes a remotely controlled 14.5 mm KPV machine gun on a gyro-stabilized mount for primary fire support, supplemented by two 7.62 mm PKT machine guns for close defense, with some variants equipped with 9M133 Kornet anti-tank guided missiles for engaging light armored targets during amphibious assaults. The vessel's armored hull provides STANAG Level 1 protection against small arms and fragments, while its capacity for 3 crew members and up to 20 troops facilitates rapid transport of infantry units to contested shorelines, blurring the line between naval and ground mobility in hybrid warfare contexts.^[48] Development of the Raptor began in the early 2010s to modernize Russia's coastal patrol capabilities, with the first prototype launched in 2013 and initial deliveries to the Navy starting in 2015; by 2020, at least 16 units had been commissioned across fleets including the Baltic, Black Sea, and Northern, with plans for further expansion to enhance border security and expeditionary support.^[45] The platform's adaptability has seen testing in diverse environments, including Arctic conditions as part of larger icebreaker deployments like the Project 23550 Ivan Papanin, where Raptors are carried for launch in ice-free coastal areas to support ground reconnaissance and logistics in northern territories.^[49] By 2025, the Russian Navy had integrated over 20 units, reflecting ongoing procurement to bolster modular task forces for anti-submarine warfare escorts and patrol duties.^[47] Operationally, Raptor boats have been deployed in the Mediterranean, including Syrian coastal waters since at least 2018, where they conducted anti-sabotage patrols and supported Russian naval bases at Tartus amid regional conflicts.^[50] In the Black Sea following the 2022 escalation, the vessels played tactical roles in securing sea lines and inserting special forces near contested shores, though several units suffered damage or destruction from Ukrainian drone and missile strikes, highlighting vulnerabilities in high-threat environments.^[51] Recent enhancements focus on improved sensor integration for unmanned aerial vehicle coordination, allowing Raptors to serve as forward platforms for drone launches in joint naval-ground operations, enhancing situational awareness during troop transports.^[52]

Units and equipment

The Helicopter Maritime Strike Squadron 71 (HSM-71), nicknamed the "Raptors," is a U.S. Navy aviation unit specializing in rotary-wing maritime operations. Established on October 4, 2007, at Naval Air Station North Island, California, the squadron was the first in the fleet to fully transition to the MH-60R Seahawk helicopter, enabling advanced anti-submarine warfare, surface warfare, and search-and-rescue capabilities.^[53] Since its inception, HSM-71 has conducted multiple deployments, including a 2009 mission with Carrier Air Wing 9 aboard the USS John C. Stennis (CVN-74) to the U.S. 5th Fleet and a 2011-2012 deployment to the U.S. 6th Fleet, where it supported multinational exercises and maritime security operations.^[53] These deployments highlighted the squadron's role in integrating helicopter assets with carrier strike groups for theater-wide threat neutralization.^[54] In 2025, HSM-71 expanded its operational footprint with a focus on the Indo-Pacific region, participating in large-scale exercises such as Northern Edge 2025 and Ulchi Freedom Shield to enhance interoperability with allies and prepare for distributed maritime operations.^[55] The squadron has also integrated unmanned systems into its workflows, conducting joint drills with uncrewed surface vessels and aerial drones to extend sensor coverage and improve real-time targeting during fleet maneuvers.^[56] This evolution supports broader U.S. Navy priorities for hybrid manned-unmanned teaming in contested environments.^[54] The Marine Medium Tiltrotor Training Squadron 204 (VMMT-204), also known as the "Raptors," serves as the primary U.S. Marine Corps unit for MV-22 Osprey pilot and crew training. Activated on May 1, 1972, at Marine Corps Air Station New River, North Carolina, as Marine Helicopter Training Squadron 204 (HMT-204) for CH-46E and CH-53 operations, it was redesignated VMMT-204 on June 10, 1999, to focus exclusively on the tiltrotor Osprey platform.^[57] The squadron delivers comprehensive flight instruction, including transition to vertical takeoff and landing modes, formation tactics, and expeditionary assault simulations, graduating hundreds of pilots annually to operational Marine tiltrotor squadrons.^[58] VMMT-204 has played a pivotal role in Osprey safety enhancements following high-profile accidents in 2023, such as the November CV-22B crash off Japan and the August MV-22B incident in Australia, by incorporating investigation findings into its curriculum—emphasizing clutch engagement protocols and gearbox monitoring during routine training flights.^[59] As of 2025, the squadron has expanded its training capacity to address Pacific theater demands, integrating simulations for unmanned aerial system coordination to prepare Osprey crews for joint operations with drones in distributed logistics and vertical envelopment scenarios.^[60]

Transportation

Land vehicles

The Ford F-150 Raptor is a high-performance off-road variant of the F-150 pickup truck, designed for extreme terrain with enhanced suspension, tires, and powertrain components. Introduced in 2010 as the SVT Raptor by Ford's Special Vehicle Team, it debuted with a 5.4-liter V8 engine producing 310 horsepower, later upgraded to a 6.2-liter V8 with 411 horsepower for the 2011–2014 models.^[61]^[62] The Raptor's evolution continued with the second generation in 2017, which dropped the SVT prefix and adopted a twin-turbocharged 3.5-liter EcoBoost V6 engine delivering 450 horsepower and 510 lb-ft of torque, paired with Fox Racing shocks for superior damping. A major redesign arrived in 2021, introducing a five-link rear suspension with coil springs—replacing the previous solid axle—for improved handling and articulation on rough surfaces, while maintaining the high-output V6 as standard. For 2025, the Raptor features minor updates including refined interior tech and exterior styling, but retains the 3.5-liter EcoBoost V6 without a hybrid powertrain option specific to this trim.^[63]^[61] Key performance specifications include up to 12 inches of ground clearance with 35-inch tires (or 13 inches with optional 37-inch tires), a maximum towing capacity of 8,200 pounds, and advanced Fox Live Valve shocks that adjust in real-time for off-road demands. The Raptor has gained popularity in desert racing, with production models and race-prepped versions competing successfully in events like the Baja 1000, where Ford has secured multiple class wins, including top honors for the Raptor R in 2023.^[64]^[65] In 2023, Ford introduced the Raptor R variant with a supercharged 5.2-liter V8 engine producing 720 horsepower, boosting the model's appeal for high-speed off-roading. Post-2020 sales of off-road performance trims like the Raptor have surged, accounting for 20.8% of Ford's U.S. F-Series mix in 2025, up from previous years, driven by the redesign's enhanced capabilities and broader consumer interest in adventure vehicles.^[66] The Hennessey VelociRaptor represents an aftermarket-tuned evolution of the F-150 Raptor, transforming the standard model into a supercharged powerhouse. Based on the F-150 Raptor R, the VelociRaptor 1000 upgrade adds a 3.8-liter Whipple supercharger, high-flow air induction, and upgraded exhaust to achieve over 1,000 horsepower and 850 lb-ft of torque, enabling 0-60 mph acceleration in 3.1 seconds. This package emphasizes extreme performance while retaining off-road prowess, with pricing starting around $125,000 for the conversion on top of the donor vehicle's cost.^[67]

Sea vessels

The Raptor series of boats represents a line of high-performance center console fishing vessels designed for recreational use, featuring catamaran hulls that provide exceptional stability in rough waters and shallow drafts for accessing remote fishing grounds. Manufactured by Tidewater Boats, these vessels emphasize fishability with open layouts, ample rod storage, livewells, and insulated fish boxes, making them ideal for offshore and inshore angling. The catamaran design reduces rolling and enhances ride comfort, allowing anglers to focus on casting and retrieving without excessive boat movement.^[68]^[69] Key models in the series include the 23 TPC Raptor and 25 TPC Raptor, with lengths ranging up to 25 feet 4 inches and beams of 8 feet 6 inches for the larger variant. These boats are powered by twin outboard engines, typically Yamaha models up to 400 horsepower total, enabling top speeds exceeding 40 knots while maintaining fuel efficiency with capacities of 60 to 90 gallons. The lightweight fiberglass construction, weighing around 2,800 pounds dry for the 25-foot model, combined with the twin-hull configuration, supports draft depths as low as 12 inches, ideal for navigating coastal shallows. Additional features like aerated livewells and under-gunwale rod holders cater to tournament-level fishing.^[70]^[71]^[72] Introduced in 2020 as part of Tidewater's Performance Cat (TPC) lineup, the Raptor series quickly gained popularity among recreational anglers for its balance of speed, stability, and versatility, often deployed in competitive fishing events along the U.S. East Coast and Gulf regions. The design prioritizes durability with foam-filled hulls and self-bailing cockpits, ensuring safety during extended outings. By 2025, the series continues production with refined standard equipment, including updated electronics integration and corrosion-resistant hardware, aligning with broader industry shifts toward sustainable materials, though full electric propulsion variants remain unavailable in this line.^[73]^[74]

Space propulsion

The Raptor engine family, developed by SpaceX, represents a breakthrough in rocket propulsion technology as the first full-flow staged combustion cycle engine to enter operational use with liquid methane (CH₄) and liquid oxygen (LOX) propellants. This design maximizes efficiency by routing all propellant through separate oxidizer-rich and fuel-rich preburners, which drive independent turbopumps before injecting the fully gasified propellants into the main combustion chamber. The initial test firing of a Raptor development engine took place on September 25, 2016, at SpaceX's McGregor facility in Texas, marking the start of iterative development toward high-thrust, reusable propulsion for interplanetary missions.^[75]^[76]^[77] Central to the Raptor's engineering is its dual-preburner architecture, which achieves higher chamber pressures than traditional staged combustion cycles while minimizing turbine stress and enabling deep throttling for precise landings. The engines incorporate gimballing actuators, allowing up to 15 degrees of thrust vector control on multiple axes to steer the Starship vehicle during ascent and descent. Regenerative cooling circulates cryogenic methane through channels in the combustion chamber and nozzle walls to withstand extreme temperatures exceeding 3,000 K. These features support rapid reusability, a key enabler for SpaceX's Mars architecture, where engines must endure multiple flights with minimal refurbishment. The latest iteration, Raptor 3, unveiled in August 2024, operates at a record 350 bar chamber pressure and delivers 280 metric tons of thrust (approximately 2.75 MN), with an engine mass of 1,525 kg including integrated vehicle interfaces.^[76]^[78] Raptor engines power the Super Heavy booster in a 33-engine cluster configuration, generating over 7,500 metric tons of liftoff thrust for the fully reusable Starship system. This setup has driven successive orbital test flights from 2023 onward, with milestones including the first full-duration ascent burn of all 33 engines in November 2023 and successful booster catches by the launch tower's mechanical arms during Flights 5 through 8 in 2024 and 2025. The vacuum-optimized Raptor variant achieves a specific impulse of 350 seconds in space, enhancing payload efficiency for trans-lunar injection. Production advancements, including extensive 3D printing, have reduced unit costs to under $250,000 by late 2025, enabling scalable manufacturing rates exceeding 500 engines annually.^[79]^[80]^[81] Looking ahead, Raptor propulsion underpins SpaceX's role in NASA's Artemis program as the engine for the Starship Human Landing System (HLS), selected in 2021 to ferry astronauts to the lunar surface. Demonstrations, such as deep-throttle tests simulating lunar descent, position Raptor for crewed landings targeted no earlier than 2026, with simplified architectures proposed in 2025 to accelerate certification and reduce orbital refueling demands. This integration promises sustainable lunar exploration, leveraging Raptor's high performance for extended surface operations and potential Mars transfer vehicles.^[82]^[83]^[84]

Arts and entertainment

Film and television

The 2001 direct-to-video horror film Raptor, directed by Jim Wynorski, centers on a small town terrorized by escaped cloned dinosaurs, including velociraptors, from a rogue scientist's secret laboratory after his U.S. government funding is revoked and he secures foreign backing to continue his experiments.^[85] Sheriff Jim Tanner uncovers the plot when investigating grisly animal attacks, leading to confrontations with the predatory creatures and the unethical researcher, Dr. Hyde.^[86] The Jurassic Park franchise, spanning films from 1993 to 2022, prominently features velociraptors as cunning, pack-hunting antagonists that embody the perils of genetic resurrection. In the original Jurassic Park (1993), directed by Steven Spielberg, the raptors demonstrate high intelligence by coordinating attacks and problem-solving to escape their enclosures, heightening the chaos during the park's collapse.^[87] Subsequent entries, such as Jurassic World (2015), introduce trained velociraptors like Blue, who exhibit learned behaviors under handler Owen Grady, shifting their role from pure threats to complex allies in human-led operations against hybrid dinosaurs.^[88] Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) revolutionized visual effects for the series by blending practical animatronics with groundbreaking CGI to render the raptors' fluid movements and lifelike behaviors, profoundly influencing dinosaur depictions in popular culture.^[89] In television, the 2004 Sci-Fi Channel original movie Raptor Island depicts U.S. Navy SEALs on an anti-terrorism mission in the South China Sea who discover a remote island overrun by aggressive, resurrected raptors, forcing a survival struggle amid ethical lapses in prehistoric genetic revival.^[90] The British series Primeval (2007–2011) incorporates raptor-like dromaeosaurs in multiple episodes, such as Series 2, Episode 1, where a future-evolved raptor emerges through a time anomaly and hunts in a modern setting, and Series 2, Episode 4 ("Jurassic Mall"), featuring a pack terrorizing a shopping center.^[91] Similarly, Terra Nova (2011) showcases fictional raptor variants like the pack-hunting Acceraptor ("Slasher") and solitary Nykoraptor in episodes including "The Runaway" and "Bylaw," where colonists in a prehistoric colony battle these feathered predators during territorial incursions.^[92] In the 2025 film Jurassic World Rebirth, velociraptors return with enhanced designs, including a "talking" variant echoing the intelligent raptor from Jurassic Park III and hybrid threats like the Mutadon (a velociraptor-pteranodon cross), playing pivotal roles in escalating human-dinosaur confrontations.^[93] Across these productions, recurring themes explore human-dinosaur conflict as a metaphor for humanity's overreach, particularly the ethical dilemmas of genetic engineering, where resurrecting extinct species disrupts natural order and invites uncontrollable repercussions.^[94] The franchise often critiques unchecked scientific ambition, portraying cloned raptors not merely as monsters but as symbols of bioethical hubris, where corporate and military exploitation of DNA manipulation leads to moral and existential crises.^[95] Adaptations of these film narratives into video games, such as Jurassic World Evolution, extend raptor interactions through player-controlled training and containment scenarios.^[96]

Video games

Raptor: Call of the Shadows is a vertically scrolling shooter developed by Cygnus Studios and published by Apogee Software, released on April 1, 1994, for MS-DOS.^[97] Players control a high-tech combat aircraft named the Raptor, engaging in missions across urban and industrial sectors to destroy enemy targets such as trucks, trains, and aircraft while avoiding ground fire and enemy planes.^[98] The game features power-ups for enhanced weaponry, destructible environments with detailed scrolling backgrounds, and an episodic structure where the first level serves as shareware.^[97] No direct sequels were produced, though developer Scott Host created DemonStar in 1998 as a spiritual successor with similar mechanics, and a 2015 enhanced edition was released on Steam with updated visuals and controls.^[99] Ports for modern platforms, including consoles, were in development as of 2021 to bring the title to new audiences.^[100] In Case of Emergency, Release Raptor, developed and published by Arcen Games, is an action game released in early access on August 24, 2016, for Windows.^[101] Players assume the role of a genetically engineered raptor (modeled after an Achillobator) infiltrating a facility to battle robots and destroy objectives in short, procedurally generated levels.^[101] Core mechanics emphasize agile movement, claw attacks, and environmental interaction, such as breaking doors and leaping, with a "brutal mode" simulating realistic theropod physics for increased challenge.^[101] The game was pulled from sale later in 2016 due to poor reception but remains available through legacy platforms.^[102] In Fortnite: Battle Royale, developed by Epic Games, the Raptor outfit was introduced as a legendary cosmetic skin on January 14, 2018, during Chapter 1: Season 1, available for 2,000 V-Bucks in the item shop and bundled with the Raptor Satchel back bling.^[103] The design portrays a futuristic pilot with selectable styles, including a default armored look, and has appeared in rotations periodically, with a remix variant teased in 2024.^[103] Additional raptor-themed items, such as the Lil' Raptor sidekick, were added in November 2025.^[104] The Jurassic World Evolution series, developed by Frontier Developments and published by the studio in partnership with Universal, began with the first title on June 22, 2018, for PC, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.^[105] Players manage dinosaur parks, including enclosures for Velociraptors, through simulation mechanics involving habitat design, genome editing for breeding, and behavioral AI that requires monitoring pack dynamics and security to prevent escapes.^[106] The series continued with Jurassic World Evolution 2 in November 2021, expanding on research and chaos management, and Jurassic World Evolution 3, released on October 21, 2025, for PC, PlayStation 5, and Xbox Series X|S, introducing deeper generational breeding and global park networks with enhanced raptor social simulations.^[106] Recent developments in raptor-themed games include 2025 updates to classic titles for modern hardware compatibility and new virtual reality experiences. Raptor: Call of the Shadows received ongoing enhancements through its Steam edition, supporting higher frame rates and controller inputs as of updates in 2025.^[99] In VR, titles like Jurassic Zoo: Dinosaur Hunting feature immersive raptor pursuit mechanics, where players track and evade packs in a collapsed park setting on Meta Quest platforms.^[107]

Literature and comics

In literature, "Raptor" is a 1993 historical fiction novel by Gary Jennings, narrated by the protagonist Thorn, a hermaphrodite Goth who rises from servitude in a convent to become a marshal and ambassador in the crumbling Roman Empire during the 5th century, exploring themes of identity, violence, and political intrigue amid the Ostrogoths' conquests.^[108] The book spans nearly 1,000 pages and draws on historical events like the sack of Rome, blending adventure with explicit depictions of combat and sexuality. In comics, Raptor appears as a character in the G.I. Joe franchise, introduced in 1987 as a Cobra operative specializing in falconry and accountancy; code-named Raptor, he uses his bird of prey for reconnaissance and tracking financial trails via credit card data, embodying themes of precision weaponry and covert operations.^[109] The figure, produced by Hasbro, includes accessories like a falcon and cape, and has been featured in various G.I. Joe storylines emphasizing survival tactics.^[110] The Raptors also denote a loyalist Space Marine chapter in the Warhammer 40,000 universe, a Second Founding successor of the Raven Guard legion, renowned for their pragmatic approach to warfare, including guerrilla tactics, camouflage, and adaptive survival strategies against xenos threats.^[111] First detailed in Games Workshop publications like Codex: Space Marines, the chapter's lore highlights their use of advanced weaponry and reconnaissance, with notable engagements in the Badab War and against Orks, underscoring themes of endurance and tactical weaponry in a grimdark setting.^[112] Other comic appearances include "Raptor," a 2020 graphic novel by Dave McKean, where the titular character Sokol navigates dual realities—a fantastical feudal world of hunting and survival, and 19th-century Wales—blending sci-fi elements with themes of predation and alternate histories through illustrated narratives.^[113] In Marvel Comics, Raptor is the alias of characters like Paul Hazlett, a 1990s villain with dinosaur-inspired enhancements, and Damon Ryder, a scientist turned antagonist in Spider-Man-related stories, often involving experimental tech and assassin-like pursuits tied to broader Avengers lore.^[114] Recent crossovers, such as dinosaur-themed elements in 2025 DC Comics stories like "League of Lizards," incorporate raptor motifs into superhero narratives, exploring prehistoric survival lore within modern heroic contexts.^[115]

Amusement rides and other media

Raptor roller coasters represent a prominent subset of thrill rides inspired by birds of prey, with Bolliger & Mabillard's (B&M) inverted coaster model bearing the name "Raptor." The archetype is Cedar Point's Raptor, which debuted on May 20, 1994, as the park's first inverted roller coaster and the tallest, fastest, and longest of its kind at the time, standing 137 feet (42 meters) high with a top speed of 57 mph (92 km/h), a 3,790-foot (1,155-meter) track length, and six inversions including a vertical loop, zero-g roll, and corkscrews. Riders experience the layout in floorless trains that suspend them beneath the track, simulating a raptor's dive through trenches and over a pond. This B&M design, characterized by its 137-foot lift hill and 119-foot first drop, has been replicated in parks worldwide, emphasizing smooth operation and thematic avian elements. A variant appears in Rocky Mountain Construction's (RMC) Raptor Track model, a single-rail coaster that provides a "flying" sensation through inline seating and twisting maneuvers. Six Flags Great Adventure's Jersey Devil Coaster, opened in June 2021, exemplifies this as the park's Raptor Track installation, reaching 130 feet (40 meters) with a 49-degree beyond-vertical drop, 58 mph (93 km/h) speed, and three inversions including a raven dive and zero-g stall, drawing on regional folklore while evoking raptor agility. These rides undergo rigorous daily inspections, including chain lift and brake checks, with no fatal incidents recorded; however, routine maintenance has led to temporary closures, such as a July 23, 2023, evacuation at Cedar Point's Raptor due to a sensor malfunction, resolved without injuries after a brief halt. In dinosaur-themed parks, Raptor rides contribute to immersive prehistoric environments, often paired with animatronic displays to heighten the predatory theme. For instance, Universal Orlando Resort's Jurassic World attractions feature raptor elements that inspire similar coaster designs, fostering cultural fascination with velociraptors and leading to merchandise like themed apparel and collectibles sold at park outlets. By 2025, virtual reality (VR) extensions have enhanced these experiences, such as the "Raptor Cliffs" course in Walkabout Mini Golf, a Meta Quest VR game where players navigate dino-infested terrain, blending ride-like thrills with interactive entertainment. Beyond rides, "Raptor" appears in educational entertainment focused on avian raptors. The 2011 Wild Kratts episode "Raptor Roundup" entertains young audiences by depicting the Kratt brothers classifying birds of prey like hawks, eagles, and falcons while thwarting a villainous chef, promoting biodiversity awareness through animated adventures. This PBS Kids production highlights raptor behaviors, such as the peregrine falcon's 200 mph dives, in a format that combines science with storytelling.

Sports

Professional teams

The Toronto Raptors are a professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA), founded in 1995 as an expansion franchise alongside the Vancouver Grizzlies to bring the league to Canada.^[116] The team's name and mascot, The Raptor—a purple velociraptor character—were inspired by the 1993 film Jurassic Park, reflecting the cultural popularity of dinosaurs at the time of the franchise's inception.^[117] The Raptors play their home games at Scotiabank Arena in Toronto, a multi-purpose venue that has hosted the team since 1999.^[118] Throughout their history, the Raptors have navigated challenges including early playoff droughts and roster overhauls, with a pivotal moment occurring in the 2018–19 season when they acquired All-Star forward Kawhi Leonard via trade from the San Antonio Spurs.^[119] Leonard's leadership propelled the team through the playoffs, defeating the Milwaukee Bucks in the Eastern Conference Finals before overcoming the defending champion Golden State Warriors in six games to secure the franchise's first NBA championship in 2019. This victory not only marked a high point but also solidified the Raptors' international fanbase, particularly across Canada, where the "We The North" campaign transformed the team into a national symbol and boosted viewership during the Finals.^[120] As of November 2025, following a 30–52 record in the 2024–25 season that initiated a rebuilding phase, the Raptors entered the 2025–26 campaign with optimism, bolstered by a high draft pick and the return of key players like forward Brandon Ingram.^[121] The team continues to expand globally, participating in preseason exhibitions such as the 2025 NBA Canada Series game against the Denver Nuggets in Vancouver, which underscores their role in the league's international growth.^[122] In baseball, the Ogden Raptors compete in the independent Pioneer League, an MLB Partner League operating in the western United States since becoming fully independent in 2021 after the cancellation of the 2020 minor league season due to the COVID-19 pandemic.^[123] Established in 1994 when the Pocatello Posse of the Pioneer League relocated to Ogden, Utah, becoming the Raptors, the team was affiliated with the Los Angeles Dodgers from 2003 to 2020 and plays home games at Lindquist Field in Ogden, Utah. The Raptors have a storied history in the league, capturing multiple division titles and Pioneer League championships in 2017 and 2023 during their affiliated era, maintaining competitive form in the independent era, finishing the 2025 regular season 52–43 and advancing to the playoffs as a wild card before elimination.^[124]

Other athletic uses

In addition to professional teams, the term "Raptor" appears in various amateur and youth athletic contexts, particularly in lacrosse, where it denotes community-based clubs and equipment designed for developing players. Youth lacrosse leagues across the United States, such as the San Ramon Raptors in California, serve children in grades K-8 by providing recreational and competitive play to foster skills and teamwork in local communities like San Ramon and Dublin.^[125] Similarly, the Raptors Youth Lacrosse organization in Brentwood, Tennessee, operates non-profit programs for young athletes in Williamson County, emphasizing education, equipment access, and empowerment through year-round training and tournaments.^[126] The Kenosha Raptors in Wisconsin have offered recreational opportunities since 2010, focusing on introductory play for beginners to build foundational lacrosse abilities.^[127] These grassroots initiatives often act as feeder systems to higher-level programs, nurturing talent from an early age without the intensity of professional leagues. Lacrosse equipment branded with "Raptor" includes the STX Raptor complete stick, a model popular in the early 2000s featuring a curved head design inspired by innovations like the Warrior Cobra, which enhanced ball control and passing accuracy for youth and intermediate players.^[128] While vintage, these sticks typically paired with lightweight aluminum or composite handles to promote speed and agility, aligning with modern trends in carbon fiber shafts that reduce weight for quicker shots and dodges in amateur play.^[129] At the collegiate level, several universities adopt "Raptors" as their athletic mascot, competing in NAIA and NCAA Division III sports with a focus on student-athlete development and regional rivalries. Bard College in New York fields Raptors teams in women's lacrosse, among other sports, emphasizing balanced competition in the Liberty League where they face off against rivals like Vassar College in annual matchups that highlight defensive strategies and team cohesion.^[130] Rutgers University-Camden's Scarlet Raptors participate in a broad range of athletics, including men's and women's basketball, soccer, and track & field, within the New Jersey Athletic Conference, where intense rivalries with schools like Rowan University drive performance in cross-country and tennis events.^[131] Athletic events incorporating "Raptor" often tie into conservation themes, such as the annual RAPTOR 5K Run/Walk in Milford, Ohio, organized by RAPTOR Inc. to support birds-of-prey rehabilitation through community races that blend fitness with environmental awareness.^[132] Amateur cycling groups like the VeloRaptors Cycling Club promote recreational riding for fitness and touring, organizing group rides and events to encourage healthy lifestyles among members of all skill levels.^[133] By 2025, e-sports Raptor squads have expanded in collegiate circuits, with teams like the University of Derby Raptors competing in Rocket League tournaments, integrating competitive gaming into university athletics to attract tech-savvy students and build interdisciplinary rivalries.^[134]

Other uses

Organizations and places

The Raptor Center, located on the St. Paul campus of the University of Minnesota, is a leading institution dedicated to the rehabilitation, research, and conservation of birds of prey. Founded in 1974, it operates as a specialized hospital that admits approximately 1,000 raptors annually, providing medical care for injuries, illnesses, and orphaning while emphasizing education and ecosystem health.^[135]^[136] The center's efforts include innovative veterinary techniques that have treated over 30,000 patients since its inception, contributing to global standards in raptor medicine.^[137] In New Jersey, The Raptor Trust serves as a prominent bird sanctuary and rehabilitation facility in Millington, focusing on the care of native wild birds, particularly raptors, through medical treatment and public education programs. Len Soucy began caring for injured raptors in 1968, and the organization was incorporated as a non-profit in 1983. It admits thousands of patients each year, including a record 4,148 admissions in 2012, and promotes stewardship via events like the annual Walk for Hawks, which engages participants in raptor migration monitoring and awareness.^[138]^[139]^[140] The trust's rehabilitation activities achieve release success rates exceeding 70% for suitable cases, with ongoing tracking of released birds to assess post-release survival and migration patterns.^[141] On an international scale, the Raptor Research Foundation functions as a scientific society advancing raptor conservation through research dissemination and advocacy. Headquartered in the United States but with global membership, it supports studies on raptor ecology, migration, and threats, fostering collaborations that inform policy and habitat protection efforts worldwide.^[142] Geographical sites named after raptors include Raptor Peak, a 2,040-meter summit in the Castle Wildland Provincial Park of Alberta, Canada, notable for its role in regional hiking and wildlife observation during expeditions.^[143] This peak, part of the Canadian Rockies' eastern slopes, offers vistas that highlight raptor habitats and has been documented in mountaineering reports for its accessible ridges and ecological significance. As of 2025, raptor organizations have expanded in response to climate-driven habitat disruptions, such as intensified wildfires and shifting migration routes affecting bird populations. For instance, a new partnership between the Colorado Lottery and the Nature & Wildlife Discovery Center's Raptor Center in Pueblo aims to bolster rehabilitation and education amid these environmental pressures.^[144] Such initiatives underscore the growing need for adaptive conservation strategies to maintain raptor health in changing ecosystems.^[145]

Brands and products

U-POL's Raptor is a leading brand of urethane-based protective coatings, originally developed in 2005 as a spray-on bed liner for trucks and utility vehicles in the United States.^[146] This product features a durable, flexible formula that resists rust, corrosion, scratches, stains, and extreme temperatures, while remaining easy to clean and tintable for custom colors.^[147]^[148] Designed for DIY application via spray gun or aerosol, it adheres to surfaces like metal, aluminum, fiberglass, wood, and concrete, providing a textured, watertight barrier suitable for automotive, agricultural, and commercial uses.^[149]^[150]^[151] In the beverage industry, Raptor Energy Drink is a carbonated caffeine beverage produced in Guatemala, containing 75 mg of caffeine, 750 mg of taurine, and B-vitamins per 250 ml serving to deliver an energy boost.^[152] Available in flavors such as fruit punch and icy cherry, it is packaged in cans and marketed for enhancing focus and performance during work or daily tasks.^[153]^[154] Other Raptor trademarks include apparel and accessory lines, such as those registered for clothing and related goods, though specific market expansions remain limited in scope compared to the dominant coating and beverage applications.^[155]^[156]

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2025 Ford F-150 Raptor Review, Pricing, and Specs - Car and Driver
Rating 4.5 The Ford F-150 Raptor R can tow up to 8700 pounds while the maximum pulling capacity of the normal Raptor is 8200 pounds. Max payload is 1400 pounds for both.More Features and Specs · 2017 · View Photos · 2021 ford f150 tremor
[69]
https://www.millers-marine.com/New-Inventory-2024-TideWater-Boats-Boat-23-TPC-Raptor-CC-w-Yamaha-Motor-TideWater-Boats-Miller-s-Marine-14693283
[70]
Everything Different About the New Ford F-150 Raptor's Suspension
Feb 3, 2021 · The biggest is at the rear axle: The 2021 Raptor is the first Ford F-150 with a five-link rear suspension and coil springs. "We knew coming ...
[71]
Ford F-150 Raptor Features and Specs - Car and Driver
Ground Clearance, Front. 12. Interior Dimensions. Passenger / Seating Capacity ... Maximum Towing Capacity (pounds). 8200. Maximum Trailer Weight, dead ...
[72]
Bronco Raptor, F-150 Raptor R Awarded Top of Class in Baja 1000
Nov 20, 2023 · Bronco Raptor and F-150 Raptor R lead the way in the stock classes, clearing 1,200 miles of rugged terrain up the Baja Mexico peninsula.
[73]
Ford Third Quarter U.S. Sales Rise 8.2%
Oct 1, 2025 · Off-road performance trims (Raptor, Tremor, Timberline, FX4) account for 20.8% of Ford's U.S. mix YTD, up 2.4 points compared to a year ago.Missing: impact | Show results with:impact
[74]
https://www.tidewaterboats.com/
[75]
MQ-9A Reaper (Predator B) | General Atomics Aeronautical Systems ...
MQ-9A has an endurance of over 27 hours, speeds of 240 KTAS, can operate up to 50000 feet, and has a 3850 pound (1746 kilogram) payload capacity that ...
[76]
MQ-9 Reaper > Air Force > Fact Sheet Display - AF.mil
Reapers can also perform the following missions and tasks: intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, close air support, combat search and rescue, precision ...
[77]
Predator XP | General Atomics Aeronautical Systems Inc.
Predator XP is an updated version of the flagship Predator RPA that has been licensed by the US Government for sale to a broader customer base.
[78]
ParaZero & Anzu Raptor - Unmanned Systems Technology
ParaZero's SafeAir is an autonomous drone safety system designed to detect critical failures in real-time and deploy a parachute to bring the drone safely to ...
[79]
Easy Aerial Raptor Hybrid Tethered and Free-Flying Drone - Dronelife
Jul 1, 2021 · The new Easy Aerial Raptor is a flexible tool for a variety of missions: a hybrid tethered and free flying drone-in-a-box system.
[80]
Raptor Force Multiplier for Fire Detection and Mitigation - YouTube
Jun 24, 2021 · Watch how a fleet of Raptor tethered and free-flying drones detect fires and function as a force multiplier by arriving at the scene first ...Missing: endurance AI autonomous
[81]
Normalizing Unmanned Aircraft Systems Beyond Visual Line of ...
Aug 7, 2025 · This action proposes performance-based regulations to enable the design and operation of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) at low altitudes beyond ...
[82]
LIFT Act BVLOS Drone Regulations - DRONELIFE
Jul 24, 2025 · The LIFT Act aims to speed up BVLOS drone rules using AI, performance standards, and local grants to boost U.S. drone competitiveness.A Congressional Push To... · What The Lift Act Would Do · Technical And Safety...<|control11|><|separator|>
[83]
Pegaso: Another Light Sport Airplane You Probably Haven't Seen
Mar 8, 2024 · The Promecc Pegaso is a stylish, high-wing Italian ultralight aircraft ... cruise speed of 260 kilometers per hour (140 knots) on 100 horsepower.
[84]
Instructional aircraft - Pegaso - PROMECC AEROSPACE - AeroExpo
Applications: tourist, instructional, private, recreational, aerial photography, search and rescue; Number of engines: single-engine; Motorization: piston ...Missing: composite | Show results with:composite
[85]
Flying Debut for Aerospace Pegaso - Key Aero
Oct 18, 2018 · The Pegaso boasts an all-carbon composite design with a cantilever wing enabling it to cruise at 122kts (225km/h).Missing: sport | Show results with:sport
[86]
2026 Tidewater Boats TPC Product Series
### Summary of Raptor Boats (TPC Series)
[87]
2024 TideWater Boats 23 TPC Raptor CC w/Yamaha Motor
Built with a well designed hull, low profile center console and a near gunnel-less design, this boat provides unparalleled fishability and comfort.
[88]
2025 25 TPC Tidewater Boat
2025 25TPC Specifications ; Centerline, 25' 4" ; Beam, 8' 6" ; Weight w/out Engines, 2800 lbs ; Fuel Capacity, 90 gal ; Max Hp, 400 hp.
[89]
2025 23 TPC Tidewater Boat
TPC Raptor Series. View Models. 25 TPC. LOA: 25' 4". BEAM: 8' 6" · BUILD · VIEW ... Weight w/out Engines, 2500 lbs. Fuel Capacity, 60 gal. Max Hp, 250 hp.
[90]
Tidewater 25 TPC Raptor | 2 Cool Fishing Forum
May 26, 2023 · Build quality was top notch as you'd expect from Tidewater. Unfortunately the hull is a dog. We could barely get 50mph with a 250 yammy. The ...
[91]
Tidewater Performance Cat (TPC) Raptor Release Date
Tidewater officially announced the release of the TPC Raptor on their social media platforms in August 2020. This announcement got a lot of boaters incredibly ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
[92]
Tidewater Boats
For 20 years, Tidewater Boats has crafted exceptional center console boats, featuring qualities like the largest in-class bow flare and foamed-filled ...
[93]
SpaceX performs first test of Raptor engine - SpaceNews
Sep 26, 2016 · SpaceX Chief Executive Elon Musk announced early Sept. 26 the first test of a rocket engine believed to be a key element in those plans.
[94]
ITS Propulsion - The evolution of the SpaceX Raptor engine
Oct 3, 2016 · In the Raptor's case, this is expected to be a record-breaking 30MPa – more than 300 atmospheres of pressure. For comparison, the previous ...
[95]
Is SpaceX's Raptor engine the king of rocket engines?
May 25, 2019 · SpaceX's new Raptor engine is a methane fueled full flow staged combustion cycle engine and it's so hard to develop, no engine like this has ...
[96]
Flight 5 and 6 Preparations Underway as SpaceX reveals Raptor 3
Aug 9, 2024 · The engine is slated to be 1,525 kg and, with added vehicle-side components, 1,720 kg. 30 second test on the vertical test stand at the SpaceX ...
[97]
https://www.mobygames.com/game/511/raptor-call-of-the-shadows/
[98]
SpaceX ready for 33-engine test of Starship's Super Heavy booster
Feb 8, 2023 · The 33 Raptor engines can generate more than 16.5 million pounds of thrust at full power. It's not known if the test-firing in South Texas will ...
[99]
Epic 33-engine burn among successes of Starship's 2nd test flight
Nov 22, 2023 · "All 33 Raptor engines on the Super Heavy Booster started up successfully and, for the first time, completed a full-duration burn during ascent, ...<|separator|>
[100]
Artemis III - NASA
Dec 5, 2024 · Two crew members will board the SpaceX Starship Human Landing System in lunar orbit and descend to the surface where they will collect samples, ...
[101]
SpaceX Starship engine passes key test for Artemis 3 moon mission
16 Sept 2023 · SpaceX has fired its powerful Starship engines in cold lunar-like conditions, to prepare for a human moon landing a few years from now.
[102]
SpaceX defends Starship lunar lander as it works on 'simplified ...
30 Oct 2025 · SpaceX says it is developing a “simplified” lunar landing mission architecture while defending the progress it has made on its Starship ...
[103]
Raptor (Video 2001) - Plot - IMDb
When Sheriff Jim Tanner investigates a string of unexplained and grisly killings, he uncovers a prehistoric terror. When a series of unexplained vicious animal ...
[104]
Raptor (2001) - Horror Film Wiki - Fandom
When a series of unexplained vicious animal attacks strikes his community, Sheriff Jim Tanner and his assistant Barbara trace them back to Dr. Hyde, a former ...Missing: summary | Show results with:summary
[105]
Velociraptor/Films | Jurassic Park Wiki - Fandom
Velociraptors are highly intelligent pack hunters. They could run 40-60 mph (65-96 km/h) at full sprint - fast enough to outrun many other dinosaurs. They have ...
[106]
Jurassic World | Training Velociraptors - YouTube
Sep 19, 2023 · Owen (Chris Pratt) demonstrates his exceptional skill in training the velociraptors. SUBSCRIBE: https://uni.pictures/JW-Subscribe About ...
[107]
Breathing Life into the Dinosaurs of Jurassic Park - ILM
Jul 9, 2015 · With Jurassic Park, director Steven Spielberg masterfully combined Stan Winston's practical puppetry with ILM's fully computer-generated dinosaurs.
[108]
https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/22/books/books-of-the-times-back-when-ostrogoth-was-not-a-dirty-word.html
[109]
Raptor (Primeval) | Anomaly Research Centre | Fandom
Episode 2.1 Nick Cutter and Connor Temple encounter a Raptor for the first time. The Raptor was an unknown species of dromaeosaur (possibly fictional) from the ...
[110]
Nykoraptor | Terra Nova Wiki | Fandom
Scientific name. Nykoraptor ; Diet. Carnivorous ; Creature type. Theropod ; Deaths caused. Foster ; Episode appearances. "The Runaway" "Bylaw" "Nightfall" "Now You ...
[111]
'Jurassic World Rebirth' Brings Back "Talking Raptor" From 'Jurassic ...
Feb 22, 2025 · The upcoming sequel 'Jurassic World Rebirth' has confirmed the return of a particular breed of Velociraptor from a previous film.
[112]
What Genetic Engineers Can Learn From 'Jurassic World'
Jul 17, 2022 · A litany of “coulds” over “shoulds” has led to a future in which resurrected and redesigned dinosaurs roam free, and humanity's dominance as a species is under ...
[113]
Jurassic Park Genetic Engineering: Science & Ethics Explained
Explore how Jurassic Park genetic engineering predicted real scientific advances and sparked ethical debates about cloning and DNA manipulation.
[114]
Jurassic World | Industrial Light & Magic - ILM
ILM San Francisco, Singapore and Vancouver were among the five studios to contribute to Jurassic World's 988 shots. Miniatures and physical effects were an ...
[115]
Raptor: Call of the Shadows (1994) - MobyGames
Raptor: Call of the Shadows ; Released: April 1, 1994 on DOS ; Collected By: 232 players ; Genre: Action ; Perspective: Top-down ; Visual: 2D scrolling
[116]
Raptor: Call of the Shadows - PCGamingWiki PCGW
Aug 30, 2025 · Raptor: Call of the Shadows is a singleplayer, top-down view shooter game with vehicle and flight elements, part of the Raptor series.
[117]
Raptor: Call of The Shadows - 2015 Edition on Steam
Set in a futuristic world, your missions, as a mercenary, consist of flying the Raptor, a sophisticated combat craft and face the MegaCorps competitors.
[118]
Raptor Call Of The Shadows Is Getting Enhanced For Modern ...
Aug 19, 2021 · Scott Host has announced that he's working on bringing Raptor Call of the Shadows for modern platforms.
[119]
In Case Of Emergency, Release Raptor - Arcen Games
For the pure fun of the thing. In 1993, a certain game let you be a raptor. · For the challenge. Brutal Mode approximates what a real theropod might experience ...
[120]
Time for some straight talk: Release Raptor is being pulled and ...
Aug 26, 2016 · First up: as promised, Alpha 16 is now out. This includes fixes, improved and extended AI, a new robot, and a minimap. AVeryDarkAlley.
[121]
Raptor - Fortnite Skin
Rating 73% (33,732) Raptor ; Back Bling: Raptor Satchel ; Source: Shop ; Introduced in: Season 1 ; Release date: Jan 14, 2018 ; Last seen: Sep 2, 2025 (68 days ago).
[122]
Lil' Raptor - Fortnite Sidekick
Rating 65% (2,653) 2 days ago · Best CosmeticsBest Survey SkinsBest SeasonsBest Crew SkinsBest Fan-Made Skins ... Release date: Nov 8, 2025. Last seen: Nov 9, 2025 (today).
[123]
Jurassic World Evolution - Frontier Developments plc.
Place yourself at the heart of the Jurassic franchise and build your own Jurassic World. Bioengineer dinosaurs that think, feel and react intelligently to ...
[124]
Jurassic World Evolution 3: Help Life Find A Way
Oct 21, 2025 · Build your own Jurassic World like never before. Nurture generations of awe-inspiring dinosaurs, create and manage sprawling prehistoric parks.Jurassic World Evolution 2 · Buy Now · Game Modes · FeaturesMissing: raptor | Show results with:raptor
[125]
https://www.raptorlax.org/
[126]
Books of The Times; Back When 'Ostrogoth' Was Not a Dirty Word
Jun 22, 1992 · Raptor By Gary Jennings Illustrated. 980 pages. Doubleday. $25. At the end of "Raptor," Gary Jennings's latest boisterously imaginative ...
[127]
Raptor (v1) G.I. Joe Action Figure - YoJoe Archive
Free 14-day returnsRaptor came with a brown falcon and a brown cape. The cape has a plastic portion which fits into the backpack "hole" in the figure, while the wings on the cape ...
[128]
Raptor (RAH) | Joepedia - Fandom
Raptor was a falconer as well as an accountant who was able to work wonders with financial records. He was able to use credit card transactions to track a ...Fiction · Comics continuity · Toys · A Real American Hero (1987)
[129]
Raptors (Chapter) - Warhammer 40k - Lexicanum
The Raptors are a Successor Chapter of the Raven Guard, created in the Second Founding. [5] They are famous for their exceptional survival abilities.History · Notable Engagements · Organization · Noted Elements of the Raptors
[130]
How to Paint Everything – Raptors Space Marines | Goonhammer
Nov 8, 2023 · Raptors are pretty easy to paint on the whole, with a simple, monocolor scheme for their armor. You can prime them black, grey, or white.
[131]
Raptor: A Sokol Graphic Novel - Dave McKean - Barnes & Noble
Free delivery over $50 Free in-store returnsThe Raptor, Sokol, flickers between two worlds: a feudal fantastical landscape where he must hunt prey to survive, and Wales in the late 1800s where a writer of ...
[132]
Raptor (Damon Ryder) Powers, Enemies, History - Marvel.com
Damon Ryder worked as scientist at a college in Portland, where he met and hired Ben Reilly. The two men grew as close as bothers while working together.Missing: 2017-2018 | Show results with:2017-2018
[133]
League of Lizards: Six DC Stories for Dinosaur Lovers
Mar 13, 2025 · For all you would-be paleontologists out there, here are six must-read DC stories for dinosaur lovers.<|control11|><|separator|>
[134]
Toronto Raptors | NBA, Basketball, History, & Notable Players
Oct 30, 2025 · The Raptors joined the NBA in 1995 as an expansion team alongside the Western Conference's Vancouver Grizzlies. The two expansion teams were the ...Missing: mascot relocation threats
[135]
How the Toronto Raptors chose their name and the ... - Global News
Jun 2, 2019 · The Toronto Raptors were born out of Jurassic Park mania, '90s colour trends and owner John Bitove's desire for the 'Happy Meal box' of ...
[136]
Arena | Toronto Raptors - NBA
Discover Scotiabank Arena's features, seating options, and upcoming events as the home of the Toronto Raptors. Find everything you need to plan your visit ...
[137]
Toronto Raptors | Basketball Wiki - Fandom
2018–2019: Arrival of Kawhi Leonard and first championship season. Kawhi Leonard, along with Danny Green, was traded from the San Antonio Spurs to the Raptors ...
[138]
2019 NBA Finals - Wikipedia
In the best-of-seven playoff series, the Eastern Conference champion Toronto Raptors defeated the two-time defending NBA champion and Western Conference ...Missing: founded mascot relocation threats
[139]
The NBA's Best Fans: How The Raptors Turned Hockey-Mad ...
Feb 12, 2020 · The Toronto Raptors' "We The North" campaign has successfully captured the hearts of Canadians and taken their fans from worst to first in ...
[140]
Raptors upbeat about 2025-26 season after just one rebuilding year
Apr 14, 2025 · The Raptors will be adding two significant pieces next season: a high draft pick and a healthy Brandon Ingram. Toronto (30-52) finished seven ...
[141]
2025 NBA Canada Series: Everything to know
Oct 5, 2025 · On Monday, Oct. 6, the Toronto Raptors and Denver Nuggets will meet at Rogers Arena in Vancouver in the preseason opener for the Raptors and ...
[142]
Pioneer League - BR Bullpen - Baseball-Reference.com
Sep 23, 2025 · It played its last season as an affiliated league in 2019, as the 2020 season was cancelled due to the Coronavirus pandemic, and then converted ...
[143]
Ogden Raptors - Wikipedia
The Ogden Raptors are an independent baseball team of the Pioneer League, which is not affiliated with Major League Baseball (MLB) but is an MLB Partner League.
[144]
Raptors Make it 3 Straight with 17-4 Rout
Jun 26, 2025 · Raptors Make it 3 Straight with 17-4 Rout ... Another night, another offensive explosion at Lindquist Field as the Ogden Raptors rolled to a 17-4 ...
[145]
San Ramon Raptors: Home
Raptor Lacrosse Club is a youth lacrosse club dedicated to bringing the sport to the residents of San Ramon, Dublin, Castro Valley, and surrounding areas.Missing: Canada | Show results with:Canada
[146]
Raptors Youth Lacrosse
Join the Raptor Sunday Sixes League from July 20-August 24, 2-6pm. ... Partner Programs. Ravenwood - Boys · Ravenwood - Girls · Woodland - Boys · Woodland - Girls ...Missing: Canada | Show results with:Canada
[147]
Lacrosse 101 - Kenosha Raptors Lacrosse
The Raptors have offered recreational youth lacrosse opportunities since 2010. Contact. To contact the appropriate person, please visit the Board of Directors ...Missing: leagues | Show results with:leagues
[148]
STX raptor | The Lacrosse Forum
Oct 26, 2003 · The answer, to whether it is straight or offset, is: neither. It's curved, like the old warrior cobra, which pretty much started the new trend ...
[149]
https://upol.lv/en/
[150]
Women's Lacrosse - Bard College Athletics
The official Women's Lacrosse page for the Bard College Raptors. ... Bard College Athletics P.O. Box 5000 Annandale-on Hudson,NY 12504. 845-758-7527 ...2026 Women's Lacrosse Roster · Saint Joseph (CT) · Coaches · Story Archives
[151]
Rutgers-Camden Athletics - Official Athletics Website
The official athletics website for the Rutgers-Camden Raptors.Staff Directory · 2025 Baseball Schedule · 2025 Men's Soccer Schedule · Baseball<|separator|>
[152]
RAPTOR 5K presented by Wild Birds Unlimited - Cincinnati
The RAPTOR 5K is on September 13, 2025, at 9:00 AM in Milford, OH, at Miami Meadows Park, supporting RAPTOR Inc.'s bird of prey conservation.Missing: theme | Show results with:theme
[153]
About Us - VeloRaptors Cycling Club
As a cycling club, our mission is to promote fitness and a healthy lifestyle for our members through bicycling for recreation, exercise, touring, ...
[154]
Rocket League Spring 23 :: Teams :: Raptors - Tournament Platform
University of Derby Raptors ; United Kingdom apyngthof, Player ; United Kingdom Bradley Davis, Leader ; United Kingdom Jordan ward, Player ; United Kingdom Nick ...
[155]
Our Mission - The Raptor Center
The Raptor Center's mission is to ensure the health of raptors and the world we share. · Our specialized hospital admits around 1,000 birds of prey each year - ...
[156]
Our History | The Raptor Center
From its humble 1974 beginning in Haecker Hall on the St. Paul campus of the University of Minnesota, a lot has changed and much has been accomplished.
[157]
A World of Difference - ArcGIS StoryMaps
Fifty years can make a world of difference. For The Raptor Center (TRC), that meant changing the lives of over 30,000 raptor patients, and countless human ...
[158]
About TRT — The Raptor Trust
The Raptor Trust's mission is to set a humane example by providing care to native wild birds in need, and by educating people about wild birds, especially birds ...
[159]
Our History - TRT - the raptor trust
In 1982 the operation was named The Raptor Trust and established as a non-profit corporation in the state of New Jersey. The following year the Trust was ...
[160]
The Raptor Trust in New Jersey - Skylands Visitor
The Raptor Trust admitted 493 patients in 1983, a number that by 2012 grew to 4,148. They arrive 24/7 from homeowners, rescue squads, police, fire departments, ...
[161]
The Raptor Trust | Bird Rehabilitation and Education Center
At The Raptor Trust, we believe in caring for wild birds, educating people, and promoting stewardship. Our mission is education and the sincere belief that an ...What's a Raptor · Help, I Found a Bird! · Plan Your Visit · Resident Birds
[162]
Raptor Peak - Bob Spirko
After reaching Raptor Peak, 2040 m, we continued up the ridge to Spread Eagle Mountain. The ridge began as a scree slope, but higher up we encountered a ...
[163]
https://www.koaa.com/news/local-news/new-partnership-aims-to-support-raptor-recovery-and-wildlife-education-in-pueblo
[164]
Wildlife rehab is a tricky business. Utah's changing climate is making ...
Sep 1, 2025 · Every summer for the past 11 years, including 2025, Salt Lake City's average temperature from June through August has been higher than the 1991- ...
[165]
Raptor Coatings Australia U-POL - Facebook
Oct 23, 2018 · RAPTOR was developed in 2005 as a ute bed liner for the US. Over the past 13 years, our loyal fan base has grown across the globe, ...
[166]
Raptor - U-Pol
Jul 21, 2025 · Raptor is a durable, tintable urethane coating, scratch and stain resistant, easy to clean, and flexible, making it good for truck bed liners.United States · Canada · Brands · Australia
[167]
U-POL Raptor Tintable Bed Liner - Johnson Supply Company
This durable urethane coating protects against rust, corrosion, and extreme temperatures. It's tintable, requires 100ml of raw color per liter, and is easy to ...
[168]
Upol Raptor
Upol Raptor is a bed liner and protective coating for truck beds, wood, concrete, metal, aluminum, fiberglass, and most OE finishes. It is easy to apply and is ...
[169]
Raptor® - U-Pol
Jul 21, 2025 · Bed Liner & Protective CoatingRAPTOR is a tough and durable protective coating that provides with a protective barrier to withstand the toughest ...
[170]
https://www.autobodybarn.com/u-pol-raptor-2k-bedliner-aerosol-details.php
[171]
El Rey Charlotte – Raptor Energy Drink, Fruit Punch, 600 Ml (20 Fl Oz)
In stockEach 250 ml serving contains: Taurine 750 mg. Caffeine 75 mg. Do more with Raptor Energy Drink. Central American product made in Guatemala.<|separator|>
[172]
Raptor Energy Drink: Raptor Homepage
RAPTOR® is the new Energy Drink for real hard workers. Boost your workday with its delicious fruit punch flavor + caffeine + taurine.
[173]
Raptor Energy Drink (@raptorenergyusa) - Instagram
Boost your workday with the new RAPTOR® Energy Drink and its delicious Fruit Punch Flavor + Caffeine + Taurine. Try the new RAPTOR® Energy Drink.
[174]
RAPTOR Trademark - Trademarkia
RAPTOR is a trademark owned by Mark Nalley, a Murrieta based entity located in CA. The trademark was filed on 17 Dec 2019 with serial number (#88730040) .
[175]
RAPTOR BRAND Trademark | Trademarkia
Jun 17, 2025 · RAPTOR BRAND is a trademark owned by Leigh Downing, a Hingham based entity located in MA. The trademark was filed on 17 Jun 2025 with serial ...