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DM

Look up [[DM]] in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. '''DM''', '''Dm''', '''dm''', or '''D.M.''' may refer to:

Academic titles and postnominals

Doctor of Medicine

The Doctor of Medicine (D.M. or DM) is a higher doctorate awarded in the United Kingdom and certain Commonwealth countries for original contributions to medical knowledge through advanced research, typically pursued by qualified medical practitioners after obtaining a primary qualification such as the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS).^[1] This degree emphasizes scholarly work in clinical or laboratory settings and is distinct from the entry-level Doctor of Medicine (MD) in the United States, which serves as the first professional qualification for medical practice.^[1] In the UK, the DM is offered by institutions such as the University of Oxford and the University of Southampton as a flexible, research-intensive program that requires candidates to be registered medical practitioners with the General Medical Council.^[1]^[2] It typically involves producing a substantial thesis demonstrating novel insights into medical science, alongside clinical expertise, and is usually completed over 3 years full-time or up to 8 years part-time, including examinations and viva voce defense.^[1]^[2] This structure aligns with broader Commonwealth practices, where the degree underscores advanced specialization rather than initial licensure. In India, the DM functions as a super-specialty qualification pursued after an MD or equivalent, focusing on subspecialties like Neurology and Cardiology, with programs established starting in the 1950s to address growing needs in advanced medical care.^[3] For instance, the first DM in Cardiology was introduced at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences under Dr. S. I. Padmavati, marking a pivotal expansion of postgraduate training.^[4] Similarly, DM in Neurology emerged during this period at leading institutions to train experts in neurological disorders.^[5] Requirements include a 3-year full-time curriculum regulated by the National Medical Commission, encompassing a research thesis submitted at least 6 months before final examinations, rigorous clinical training, and theoretical assessments to ensure competency in the chosen subspecialty.^[6]^[7]

Other academic qualifications

The Post Graduate Diploma in Management (PGDM), represents a flagship postgraduate qualification in business administration provided by premier institutions such as the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), which were established starting in the 1960s.^[8] This two-year full-time program emphasizes core areas like finance, marketing, operations, and strategic management, preparing graduates for leadership roles in industry through a rigorous curriculum that includes case studies, internships, and group projects.^[8] Offered initially as a diploma due to the autonomous status of IIMs prior to the Indian Institutes of Management Act of 2017, it has evolved to confer an MBA degree in recent years while retaining its foundational focus on practical business skills.^[9] Another prominent non-medical academic use of DM is the Doctor of Music (D.Mus.), a higher doctorate awarded for advanced achievement in music composition, performance, or scholarship.^[10] This degree, granted by universities such as the University of Oxford since the 19th century, typically requires the submission and defense of original musical works, such as a substantial portfolio of compositions or a performance dissertation, alongside a theoretical component demonstrating scholarly expertise.^[11] Unlike research-focused PhDs in music, the D.Mus. prioritizes artistic innovation and professional mastery, often bestowed honoris causa on distinguished musicians or earned through rigorous creative examination.^[10] These DM qualifications in management and music are distinctly non-clinical, centering on professional development in business or artistic domains rather than medical practice as seen in the Doctor of Medicine.^[8]

Arts, entertainment, and media

Broadcasting

DMG Media, a British media conglomerate, operates several prominent newspapers and digital platforms focused on news dissemination through print and online channels. Founded in 1905 as Associated Newspapers by Alfred and Harold Harmsworth, the company was rebranded to DMG Media in 2013 and is a subsidiary of Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT). It owns key outlets such as the Daily Mail, Mail on Sunday, Metro, and the i newspaper, which it acquired in 2019 for £49.6 million to expand its portfolio in compact, impartial journalism.^[12] In the broadcasting sector, DMG Media has extended its influence into digital and multimedia content delivery, supporting journalists across television, radio, and online formats through affiliated charities and production services. Post-2000s, the company underwent a significant digital transition, investing heavily to shift from traditional print dominance to profitable online platforms amid declining newspaper circulations and rising internet usage for news consumption.^[13] This evolution positioned DMG Media as a leader in adapting to audience migration toward digital media, with its websites attracting millions of daily users by integrating video and interactive elements into news broadcasting.^[14] DM Radio refers to various radio stations and formats employing the DM abbreviation, particularly in commercial and community broadcasting. In Australia, DMG Radio was established in 1996 as part of DMGT's expansion into the market, acquiring stations like 5AA in Adelaide and regional networks to build a national presence in talk and music formats.^[15] The network later rebranded to Nova Entertainment in 2014, but its legacy includes pioneering digital audio streaming ventures, such as a 2012 partnership with Rdio for online music broadcasting.^[16] Other examples include The Big DM (WWDM 101.3 FM), a community-oriented urban adult contemporary station in Sumter, South Carolina, USA, serving local audiences with R&B and old-school hits since the early 2000s.^[17] Additionally, DM Radio operates as a syndicated weekly program in the US, focusing on data management discussions and broadcast live on various networks, exemplifying niche content distribution in community radio.^[18] These entities highlight DM's use in denoting regional and specialized broadcasting operations, often tied to broader media groups' digital expansions post-2000.

Gaming

In tabletop role-playing games, particularly Dungeons & Dragons (D&D), the Dungeon Master (DM) serves as the game organizer, introduced in 1974 by Gary Gygax alongside co-creator Dave Arneson as part of the original D&D ruleset published by Tactical Studies Rules (TSR). The DM is responsible for narrating the story, controlling non-player characters (NPCs) and monsters, describing the environment, and adjudicating rules to ensure fair play and immersive experiences for the players.^[19] This role demands creativity, impartiality, and knowledge of the game's mechanics, allowing the DM to improvise events while maintaining narrative coherence and resolving player actions through dice rolls and rule interpretations. The DM concept has expanded beyond D&D to other tabletop RPGs, such as Pathfinder, released in August 2009 by Paizo Publishing as a derivative of D&D's 3.5 edition. In Pathfinder, the equivalent role is the Game Master (GM), who performs similar duties including world-building, NPC management, and rule enforcement, often adapting adventures to player choices for collaborative storytelling.^[20] This adaptation reflects the DM's influence on the broader RPG genre, where the facilitator's role emphasizes player agency while guiding the game's progression. In video games, equivalents appear as Game Masters in massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), where human moderators oversee player interactions, resolve disputes, create events, and maintain the virtual world, akin to the DM's oversight in tabletop settings.^[21] A key tool for the DM is the Dungeon Master's Guide, first published in August 1979 by TSR and authored by Gary Gygax, providing essential advice on campaign design, encounter balancing, magic item creation, and optional rules to support the DM's responsibilities.^[22] Subsequent editions have evolved with the game, including the 5th edition released in December 2014 by Wizards of the Coast, which incorporates modern storytelling techniques, world-building tools, and streamlined mechanics to aid DMs in crafting diverse adventures.^[23] These guides remain foundational, offering structured yet flexible resources that prioritize narrative depth over rigid prescriptions.

Music

In the music industry, DM most prominently refers to Depeche Mode, an influential English electronic band formed in Basildon in 1980.^[24] The group, consisting of vocalist Dave Gahan, multi-instrumentalist Martin Gore, and late keyboardist Andy Fletcher (who passed away in 2022), pioneered synth-pop and alternative rock with their blend of dark, atmospheric electronics and introspective lyrics.^[24] Their debut album Speak & Spell (1981) established their early pop-oriented sound, while later works like Violator (1990) marked a shift toward darker, more experimental electronic styles, achieving global commercial success and critical acclaim.^[24] In 2023, Depeche Mode released their fifteenth studio album Memento Mori and embarked on a world tour that concluded in 2024, performing to large audiences worldwide and solidifying their role in shaping electronic music's evolution. Another notable use of DM in hip-hop is Darryl McDaniels, known as DMC, a founding member of the pioneering group Run-D.M.C. Born on May 31, 1964, in Harlem, New York, McDaniels helped define 1980s rap with his rhythmic flow and cultural influence, notably collaborating with Aerosmith on the hit "Walk This Way" (1986), which bridged hip-hop and rock.^[25] Run-D.M.C.'s raw energy and streetwear aesthetic, as seen in albums like Raising Hell (1986), propelled the genre into mainstream popularity.^[26] In music theory and notation, DM commonly abbreviates the D minor chord (Dm), a fundamental triad consisting of the notes D, F, and A, evoking a melancholic tone widely used across genres from classical to pop.^[27] This minor key structure appears in countless compositions, providing emotional depth without requiring complex alterations. In electronic music production, DM has been associated with drum machines since the 1980s, exemplified by the Oberheim DMX, a programmable digital drum machine released in 1980 that became a staple for hip-hop and synth-pop beats due to its sampled acoustic and electronic percussion sounds.^[28] Modern iterations, like the DM1 app, continue this legacy by emulating vintage drum machine workflows for beat creation in electronic genres.^[29] Direct messages (DMs) serve as a core private communication feature on major social media platforms, enabling users to exchange text, media, and other content in one-on-one or group conversations shielded from public view. On X (formerly Twitter), DMs were introduced in March 2007 as a way for users to send private notes limited to 140 characters initially, expanding over time to support richer interactions. Instagram launched its DM functionality on December 12, 2013, allowing private sharing of photos, videos, and text among individuals or small groups.^[30] Facebook Messenger, spun off as a standalone app in August 2011, facilitates similar private chats integrated with the broader Facebook ecosystem.^[31] Key features of DMs include options for encryption to enhance privacy, such as end-to-end encryption rolled out across WhatsApp messages in April 2016, ensuring only the sender and recipient can access content.^[32] Usage has surged globally, with billions of messages exchanged daily as of 2023; for example, WhatsApp users send approximately 100 billion messages per day, many via its DM interface. These tools prioritize discreet, real-time exchanges, often incorporating read receipts, media sharing, and disappearing messages to mimic personal conversations. The concept of DMs evolved from early internet protocols like Internet Relay Chat (IRC), launched in 1988, which supported private messaging alongside group channels and laid foundational principles for real-time text-based communication.^[33] By the 2010s, social media integrated these elements into user-friendly apps, transitioning from basic text exchanges to multimedia-enabled systems. In the 2020s, advancements include AI-driven moderation to proactively detect harassment or spam in private chats, as implemented by Tinder since 2019 to flag inappropriate DMs using machine learning algorithms.^[34] This evolution reflects a shift toward safer, more sophisticated private networking while balancing user privacy concerns.

Business and economics

Currency

The Deutsche Mark (DM), abbreviated as DM or D-Mark, served as the official currency of West Germany from its introduction on June 20, 1948, until German reunification in 1990, after which it became the currency of unified Germany until the adoption of the euro on January 1, 2002.^[35]^[36] It was subdivided into 100 Pfennigs, with coins issued in denominations from 1 Pfennig to 5 Deutsche Marks and banknotes ranging from 5 to 1,000 DM across various series.^[37]^[38] The banknotes, produced by the Deutsche Bundesbank and its predecessor institutions, featured prominent German historical figures and cultural motifs; for instance, the third series (BBk III, issued 1990–1999) included portraits of Bettina von Arnim on the 5 DM note, Carl Friedrich Gauss on the 10 DM, and the Brothers Grimm on the 1,000 DM, alongside architectural and scientific symbols on the reverses.^[37] The Deutsche Mark played a pivotal role in West Germany's post-World War II economic recovery, symbolizing stability after the hyperinflation and monetary chaos of the Reichsmark era. Introduced as part of the 1948 currency reform in the western occupation zones, it replaced the inflated Reichsmark at a rate of 10:1 for most holdings, eliminating monetary overhang and restoring public confidence in money as a store of value.^[35] This reform, coupled with the lifting of price controls, spurred the "Wirtschaftswunder" (economic miracle) by encouraging production and trade. Under the Bretton Woods system, the DM maintained fixed exchange rates pegged to the U.S. dollar until the system's collapse in 1973, after which it transitioned to managed floating rates while upholding low inflation; from 1949 to 1999, the average annual inflation rate was 2.7%, and in the 1980s, it averaged approximately 2.8%, reflecting the Bundesbank's strict monetary policy focused on price stability.^[35]^[39]^[40] In its legacy, the Deutsche Mark remains exchangeable indefinitely at the Bundesbank for its nominal value, contributing to its status as a collectible among numismatists, with old notes and coins retaining historical and sentimental appeal despite no longer being legal tender. Its stability influenced the euro's design, with a fixed irrevocable conversion rate of 1 euro equaling 1.95583 DM established upon the euro's introduction.^[41]

Marketing and management

Direct marketing (DM), also known as direct response marketing, is a targeted promotional strategy that uses advertising channels such as mail, email, telephone, or digital media to communicate directly with consumers and elicit an immediate measurable response, such as a purchase, inquiry, or subscription.^[42] This approach emphasizes personalized communication based on customer data to drive transactions without intermediaries, distinguishing it from mass advertising by focusing on accountability and trackability.^[42] The origins of direct marketing trace back to 1872, when Aaron Montgomery Ward founded the first successful mail-order business in Chicago, distributing a single-page catalog of 163 items to rural farmers and bypassing traditional retail markups to offer affordable goods. This innovation laid the foundation for modern DM by enabling direct seller-to-buyer interactions, which evolved with technological advances like email and telemarketing in the 20th century. Key metrics for evaluating DM effectiveness include response rates, typically ranging from 1% to 5% for optimized campaigns involving direct mail or email, and return on investment (ROI), computed using the formula (revenue generated from the campaign minus total marketing costs) divided by total marketing costs, often multiplied by 100 to express as a percentage.^[43]^[44] These indicators help marketers assess campaign performance and refine targeting strategies for higher conversion. In supply chain contexts, demand management (DM) encompasses the strategic processes of forecasting customer demand, aligning supply with market needs, and coordinating flows across the supply chain to minimize disruptions and optimize resource allocation.^[45] Emerging as a formalized discipline in the mid-1990s alongside supply planning advancements, DM integrates statistical forecasting models with collaborative planning to balance inventory levels and production schedules.^[46] Its incorporation into enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems during this era enabled real-time data sharing and automation, transforming disparate operations into unified platforms that support just-in-time manufacturing and responsive logistics.^[47] Regulatory compliance is a critical aspect of DM, particularly for email-based initiatives in the European Union, where the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), effective since May 2018, mandates explicit, informed consent for collecting and using personal data in marketing communications to protect consumer privacy.^[48] Under GDPR, organizations must demonstrate lawful basis for processing data—such as opt-in consent—and provide easy opt-out mechanisms, with non-compliance risking fines up to 4% of global annual turnover.^[48] This framework has prompted global marketers to adopt transparent data practices, enhancing trust while ensuring DM efforts remain ethical and legally sound.

Companies and products

Retail and consumer goods

dm-drogerie markt is a prominent German discount drugstore chain specializing in beauty, health, and household products. Founded in 1973 in Karlsruhe by Götz W. Werner, the company has expanded significantly across Europe, operating over 4,000 stores as of 2024. It focuses on affordable, everyday essentials, including cosmetics, personal care items, and cleaning supplies, primarily through its extensive network of physical retail locations. The chain's product lines feature numerous private-label brands, with Balea being one of its flagship offerings for skincare, haircare, and body care products. These DM-branded items emphasize quality and accessibility, often providing alternatives to higher-priced name brands. Since 2019, dm-drogerie markt has integrated sustainability into its product strategy, introducing zero-waste initiatives such as refill stations for detergents and cleaners in select stores to reduce packaging waste and promote eco-friendly shopping practices. As the largest drugstore chain in Europe by store count and market presence, dm-drogerie markt achieved annual revenue exceeding €12 billion in Germany alone for its 2023/24 financial year. This positions it as a dominant player in the European retail sector for consumer goods, with a strong emphasis on private labels that account for a significant portion of sales.

Technology and services

Digital Management, Inc. (DMI), founded in 2002 and headquartered in McLean, Virginia, is a prominent IT services provider specializing in digital transformation solutions, including managed mobility, cloud services, cybersecurity, and application development.^[49]^[50] The company delivers end-to-end managed services to enterprise clients, particularly in the federal government sector, supporting infrastructure, data analytics, and secure remote operations with a workforce exceeding 2,000 employees.^[51]^[52] DMI's offerings emphasize collaborative strategies that integrate technical expertise with business needs, enabling organizations to evolve through technology-driven initiatives.^[49] In the realm of data management (DM) services, providers offer comprehensive solutions for handling large-scale data storage, processing, and analytics, often through cloud-based models. These services include consulting for data migration, governance, and optimization, with many firms partnering with platforms like Amazon Web Services (AWS) to facilitate seamless cloud adoption.^[53]^[54] For instance, AWS Managed Services Partners such as Capgemini and Cognizant provide DM expertise in cloud operations, ensuring data integrity and scalability for business applications while minimizing downtime during transitions.^[53] Post-2020 innovations in DM have increasingly incorporated artificial intelligence to enhance customer service operations, particularly through AI-powered customer data platforms (CDPs) that unify and analyze customer interactions in real time. These platforms, such as Informatica's AI-driven CDP, enable personalized engagement by processing vast datasets from multiple sources, predicting customer needs, and automating responses to improve satisfaction metrics.^[55] Similarly, Lytics' AI CDP, acquired by Contentstack in January 2025, focuses on behavioral analytics to deliver targeted service experiences, emerging as a high-impact tool for enterprises seeking data-driven customer loyalty.^[55]^[56] Such advancements prioritize privacy-compliant data handling and integration with existing CRM systems, marking a shift toward proactive, intelligent service delivery.^[57]

Military

Personnel roles

The Designated Marksman (DM), also referred to as the Squad Designated Marksman (SDM), serves as a squad-level asset in military infantry units, functioning as an enhanced rifleman who delivers precision fire to suppress or eliminate high-value enemy targets such as leaders, weapon crews, or automatic rifle teams.^[58] Unlike snipers, who operate in specialized teams for long-range reconnaissance and independent engagements, the DM remains fully integrated within the fire team or squad, contributing to collective maneuver while extending the unit's effective engagement range to 300-600 meters.^[58] This role bridges the gap between standard rifle fire and dedicated sniper support, prioritizing rapid, accurate shots to protect crew-served weapons, cover dead space, and limit collateral damage during stability operations.^[58] The DM position emerged from combat lessons in the 1990s Gulf War, where U.S. forces identified the need for intermediate precision fire at squad level to counter threats beyond typical assault rifle ranges, leading to its formalization in Army doctrine by the early 2000s.^[59] Typically, one DM is assigned per fire team, selected based on marksmanship proficiency and positioned by the squad leader to reinforce automatic weapons or provide overwatch in formations like wedges or columns.^[58] Responsibilities include engaging point targets with optics-enhanced rifles, supporting offensive maneuvers, defensive security, and patrols by delivering suppressive fire that enables squad flexibility without detaching personnel.^[58] Training for DMs focuses on advanced individual and collective skills to ensure seamless squad integration, beginning with selection of soldiers who excel in basic rifle qualifications. Specialized courses, such as those conducted by units like the 1st Battalion, 24th Infantry Regiment, span a week and combine classroom sessions on ballistics—including bullet drop, wind compensation, and terminal effects—with practical range work using the M4 rifle and optics like the Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight. Trainees fire 400-500 rounds to practice engagements from 400 to 600 meters, emphasizing target detection, range estimation, zeroing procedures, and night operations, all while maintaining proficiency in standard rifleman tasks to support fire team dynamics.^[60] Doctrine requires DMs to train alongside their squads, honing fieldcraft and tactical positioning to provide precision support in scenarios like ambushes or raids.^[58] In historical applications, DMs proved vital during the Iraq War (2003-2011), where they enabled infantry squads to engage insurgent positions in urban and rural settings, directing fire and neutralizing threats at extended ranges to protect advancing elements.^[59] The role's effectiveness in such asymmetric conflicts prompted its adoption across NATO forces, with nations like the United Kingdom (via the L129A1 rifle introduced in 2009 and upgraded L129A2 in 6.5 Creedmoor post-2014) and France (FN SCAR-H PR) incorporating DMs to close precision fire gaps in post-2000 operations.^[61]

Equipment and operations

Designated marksman rifles are semi-automatic precision firearms chambered typically in 7.62×51mm NATO, designed to bridge the gap between standard infantry rifles and dedicated sniper systems by enabling rapid, accurate fire at extended ranges up to 600 meters. A prominent example is the United States Army's M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System (SASS), developed by Knight's Armament Company and introduced in 2007 after being recognized as one of the U.S. Army's "Best 10 Inventions" of that year.^[62] The original M110 has evolved into the M110A1 Squad Designated Marksman Rifle (SDMR), fielded in the early 2020s for continued squad-level use.^[63] The M110 features a gas-operated, rotating bolt action for semi-automatic operation, allowing squad-level marksmen to engage multiple targets quickly while maintaining the accuracy required for suppressive roles.^[64] International variants adapt similar principles to national requirements, such as the United Kingdom's L129A1 Sharpshooter rifle, manufactured by Lewis Machine & Tool and formally adopted by the British Army in October 2009 with initial fielding in 2010.^[65] Based on the AR-10 platform, the L129A1 incorporates a 16-inch heavy barrel and modular rail system for optics, providing enhanced lethality beyond the standard 5.56mm service rifle in combat scenarios like those encountered in Afghanistan.^[66] In operations, designated marksmen employ their rifles to deliver precision suppressive fire, enabling squad maneuvers by pinning enemy positions and protecting advancing elements, particularly in urban warfare where restricted visibility demands accurate, controlled engagements from covered positions. U.S. Army doctrine emphasizes integrating the marksman into fire teams to suppress individual threats or small units at ranges where standard rifles lose effectiveness, thus supporting offensive and defensive tactics without detaching the marksman from the squad. This role enhances overall unit firepower while minimizing exposure in complex environments.

Places

Settlements

Drawski Młyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Drawsko, within Czarnków-Trzcianka County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Located approximately 33 km west of Czarnków and 77 km northwest of Poznań, the village lies along the Noteć River and has a population of 952 as of 2021. Its name derives from a historic water mill on the Struga River tributary, documented since at least 1508, reflecting a longstanding agricultural heritage tied to milling and rural land use in the region.^[67]^[68]^[69] The village's demographics show a stable, slightly growing population, with 50.7% female and 49.3% male residents, and a 6.4% increase from 1998 to 2021. Historically, Greater Poland experienced significant post-World War II migrations, including the resettlement of Polish populations from eastern territories annexed by the Soviet Union and the expulsion of German inhabitants, which reshaped local communities like Drawski Młyn through repopulation efforts in the late 1940s. Today, the area maintains a rural character, with agriculture remaining a key economic driver alongside small-scale industry.^[67]^[69] Beyond Poland, "DM" serves as an abbreviation for various populated places and administrative units across regions. In India, DM commonly denotes District Magistrate, the chief administrative officer overseeing districts that encompass multiple towns and villages; for instance, the New Delhi district, with a population of 142,004 as of the 2011 census, is managed by a DM responsible for governance and development. In South Africa, DM refers to District Municipalities, which administer expansive rural and urban settlements; the Nkangala District Municipality, for example, covers 16,758 km² and serves a population of approximately 1.45 million as of 2022 across mining and agricultural communities. In Europe, DM is used as a telegraph or railway code for certain small towns, such as Drawski Młyn itself (abbreviated DM in Polish rail systems), highlighting how such shorthand aids in referencing modest settlements with historical transport significance.^[70]^[71]

Geographic features

In geographic information systems (GIS) and hydrologic mapping, the abbreviation "DM" is used to denote dam structures, particularly those located at the outlet or boundary of a hydrologic unit (HU). These dams are engineered barriers designed to control water flow, raise water levels, or alter natural drainage patterns at key points in watershed delineations. For instance, in the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) and related standards developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), "DM" classifies flowline features representing dams that impact hydrologic connectivity, enabling precise modeling of water movement across landscapes.^[72]^[73] The "DM" notation also appears in coordinate systems for representing geographic positions of natural and man-made features. Specifically, it refers to the Degrees Minutes (DM) format, a method for expressing latitude and longitude where degrees are followed by decimal minutes, providing an intermediate precision between full decimal degrees (DD) and degrees-minutes-seconds (DMS). This system has been standard in cartography and GIS since the early 20th century, facilitating the accurate plotting of terrain elements like elevation contours and river courses on maps without excessive computational overhead.^[74]^[75] In digital mapping applications, particularly in Japan, "DM" designates the Digital Mapping format, a standardized vector-based system for encoding geographic features such as coastlines, rivers, and terrain outlines. Developed by the Japan Association of Construction Inspectors (JACIC), this format assigns unique identifiers to each element, ensuring compatibility with GIS databases for analysis of spatial relationships in urban and rural landscapes since its adoption in the late 20th century.^[76]

Science, technology, and mathematics

Computing

In computing, "DM" refers to several distinct concepts and technologies. The .dm top-level domain (TLD) is the country code TLD (ccTLD) for the Commonwealth of Dominica, delegated by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and introduced to the global marketplace on February 2, 2001.^[77] It is managed by DotDM Corporation through its registry operator NIC.DM, which promotes the domain for international use beyond local entities, particularly in sectors like tourism and nature-related branding to highlight Dominica's identity as the "Nature Island of the Caribbean."^[77] Dimensional modeling (DM) is a data warehousing technique developed by Ralph Kimball in 1996, as detailed in his seminal book The Data Warehouse Toolkit.^[78] This approach structures data into fact tables, which store quantitative metrics such as sales amounts or transaction counts, and dimension tables, which provide descriptive context like time, product, or customer details.^[78] Designed for online analytical processing (OLAP) queries, it enables efficient querying and reporting by denormalizing data to support business intelligence analysis, contrasting with normalized entity-relationship models used in transactional systems.^[78] The device mapper (DM) is a framework in the Linux kernel, introduced in version 2.6 released in December 2003, that allows mapping physical block devices to higher-level virtual block devices.^[79] It provides a generic mechanism for creating and managing logical volumes, underpinning tools like Logical Volume Manager (LVM) for flexible storage partitioning and device-mapper crypt (dm-crypt) for block-level disk encryption.^[79] By abstracting device I/O operations, DM supports advanced features such as snapshots, mirroring, and thin provisioning, making it essential for enterprise storage management in Linux distributions.^[79] An X display manager (DM) is a graphical login manager in the X Window System, responsible for starting user sessions on an X server, handling authentication, and presenting a login interface.^[80] Examples include the GNOME Display Manager (GDM), first released in 1997 as part of the early GNOME desktop environment development, which integrates seamlessly with GNOME but supports other desktop environments like KDE.^[81] These managers run as daemons, managing multiple displays and enabling remote logins, with GDM evolving to support both X11 and Wayland protocols in modern implementations.^[81] Diffusion models (DMs) in machine learning are a class of generative models introduced in 2015 by Jascha Sohl-Dickstein and colleagues in their paper "Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics."^[82] These models generate data, such as images, by simulating a forward diffusion process that gradually adds Gaussian noise to training samples until they become pure noise, followed by a reverse process learned by a neural network to denoise and reconstruct samples from noise.^[82] Widely adopted in AI, DMs power applications like Stable Diffusion, an open-source text-to-image model released by Stability AI in 2022, which has democratized high-quality image synthesis by enabling users to generate visuals from textual descriptions through iterative noise removal.^[82]

Medicine

Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly known as diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.^[83] This leads to long-term damage and failure of various organs, including the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves.^[84] There are several types of DM, with type 1 and type 2 being the most prevalent. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, typically leading to absolute insulin deficiency; it often onset in childhood or adolescence.^[85] Type 2 diabetes, which accounts for over 90% of all diabetes cases globally, arises from insulin resistance in tissues such as muscle and fat, combined with relative insulin deficiency, and is strongly associated with obesity and lifestyle factors.^[86] Diagnosis of DM is established through standardized criteria, including an HbA1c level of 6.5% or higher, fasting plasma glucose of 126 mg/dL or higher, or a 2-hour plasma glucose of 200 mg/dL or higher during an oral glucose tolerance test.^[87] Epidemiologically, DM affects approximately 589 million adults aged 20-79 years worldwide as of 2024, representing 11.1% of this population, with projections estimating an increase to 853 million by 2050 due to aging populations, urbanization, and rising obesity rates.^[88] The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reports that low- and middle-income countries bear 80% of the burden, with significant regional variations; for instance, the Western Pacific region has the highest number of cases at 215 million.^[88] Treatment strategies have evolved since the discovery of insulin in 1921 by Frederick Banting and Charles Best, which revolutionized management for type 1 diabetes and later for type 2, enabling survival and control through exogenous insulin administration.^[89] For type 2 diabetes, advancements include the introduction of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in 2005, with exenatide (Byetta) as the first approved agent, which mimic incretin hormones to enhance insulin secretion, suppress glucagon, and promote weight loss.^[90] Key complications of DM include microvascular damage such as diabetic retinopathy, which can lead to blindness, and diabetic nephropathy, a leading cause of end-stage renal disease.^[83] Macrovascular issues like cardiovascular disease and stroke are also prevalent, contributing to the 3.4 million deaths caused by diabetes in 2024.^[88] Management has been enhanced in the 2010s by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices, first approved by the FDA in 1999 but widely adopted with improved accuracy and real-time data integration thereafter; these systems provide frequent glucose readings to guide insulin dosing and reduce hypoglycemia risk.^[91] Comprehensive care emphasizes lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy, and regular screening to mitigate complications and improve quality of life.^[83]

Physics

In physics, particularly cosmology and particle physics, dark matter (DM) refers to a hypothetical form of matter that does not interact with light or electromagnetic radiation, making it invisible to traditional telescopes, yet it is inferred to constitute approximately 27% of the universe's total mass-energy content. This composition arises from analyses of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, which indicate that ordinary baryonic matter accounts for only about 5%, while the remainder is dominated by dark energy at around 68%. The presence of DM is primarily deduced from its gravitational effects on visible matter, rather than direct detection.^[92] One of the earliest and most compelling pieces of evidence for DM came from observations of galaxy rotation curves in the 1970s, led by astronomer Vera Rubin and her collaborators. These studies revealed that stars in the outer regions of spiral galaxies, such as Andromeda, orbit at unexpectedly high velocities, defying predictions from Newtonian gravity based solely on visible mass; instead, the flat rotation curves suggest a massive, unseen halo of DM surrounding galaxies to provide the necessary gravitational pull. Leading candidates for DM particles include weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which are theorized to have masses around 10-1000 GeV and interact via the weak nuclear force, and axions, ultralight pseudoscalar particles originally proposed to solve the strong CP problem in quantum chromodynamics, with masses potentially as low as 10^{-5} eV. These candidates are motivated by extensions of the Standard Model, such as supersymmetry for WIMPs and Peccei-Quinn theory for axions.^[93] Further evidence stems from the anisotropies in the CMB, as measured by the Planck satellite, which show power spectrum peaks consistent with a cold dark matter component influencing the early universe's structure formation; the 2018 Planck data precisely constrain the DM density parameter to Ω_c h² = 0.120 ± 0.001, supporting the ΛCDM model's predictions for acoustic oscillations in the primordial plasma. Gravitational lensing provides independent confirmation, where the bending of light from distant galaxies by massive clusters, such as in the Abell 1689 observations, reveals mass distributions dominated by DM that exceed the luminous matter by factors of 5-10, as the lensing shear and magnification cannot be explained by baryons alone.^[92]^[94] Despite extensive searches, direct detection of DM particles remains elusive. Experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), including ATLAS and CMS analyses using datasets with total integrated luminosities exceeding 380 fb⁻¹ from proton-proton collisions at √s = 13–13.6 TeV as of late 2024, have set stringent limits on WIMP production in processes like mono-jet events, excluding cross-sections down to 10^{-48} cm² for certain masses without observing any excess over Standard Model backgrounds.^[95]^[96] These non-detections have prompted exploration of alternative theories, such as Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), which posits that gravity deviates from Newtonian laws at low accelerations (below ~10^{-10} m/s²) to explain galactic dynamics without invoking unseen matter, though MOND struggles to account for CMB and lensing data as effectively as DM models.^[95]

Units of measurement

The decimetre (SI symbol: dm) is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), defined as one tenth of a metre, or equivalently 10 centimetres.^[97] The prefix "deci-" denotes a factor of 10^{-1}, making the decimetre a decimal submultiple of the base SI unit of length, the metre.^[98] This unit facilitates precise measurements at scales between the centimetre and metre, supporting applications in physical sciences and engineering where intermediate lengths are relevant. The decimetre was established as part of the decimal metric system introduced by French law on 7 April 1795, during the reforms of the French Revolution aimed at standardizing measurements on a rational, decimal basis.^[99] This system derived all units from the metre, with the decimetre defined as its tenth, promoting uniformity in trade, science, and administration across decimal divisions.^[100] The adoption marked a shift from traditional units to a coherent framework, influencing global metrology. In conversions to imperial units, 1 dm equals exactly 3.937007874015748 inches, based on the fixed relationship 1 inch = 0.0254 m established in 1959.^[101] The decimetre finds practical use in everyday measurements, such as certain clothing sizes in metric systems, and in technical fields like engineering blueprints, where scales often incorporate decimetres for dimensioning medium-sized components.^[102] It also appears in laboratory equipment, including demonstration tools like decimetre cubes for volume calibration, aiding educational and experimental work in physical sciences.^[103]

Other concepts

Data mining (DM) refers to the process of discovering patterns, correlations, and anomalies in large datasets using computational techniques drawn from machine learning, statistics, and database systems.^[104] This interdisciplinary approach enables the extraction of actionable insights from raw data, transforming it into knowledge for decision-making across various domains. Unlike simple querying, DM involves automated or semi-automated analysis to uncover hidden relationships that may not be immediately apparent.^[104] Key techniques in data mining include clustering and association rule mining. Clustering algorithms, such as k-means, group similar data points into clusters by minimizing the variance within each group, with origins tracing back to Lloyd's work in 1957 on quantization methods, later formalized in 1982. The k-means algorithm iteratively assigns data points to the nearest cluster centroid and updates centroids until convergence, making it efficient for unsupervised pattern discovery in large datasets. Association rule mining, exemplified by the Apriori algorithm introduced in 1994, identifies frequent itemsets and generates rules like "if-then" relationships in transactional data, relying on the principle that subsets of frequent itemsets are also frequent to prune candidates efficiently.^[105] In business analytics, data mining supports customer segmentation, fraud detection, and market basket analysis to optimize operations and predict trends, enhancing competitive advantage through targeted strategies.^[106] For instance, retailers use association rules to recommend products based on purchase patterns, improving sales forecasting. In genomics, DM aids in analyzing gene expression data to identify biomarkers and disease pathways, facilitating personalized medicine by processing vast sequences from high-throughput technologies.^[107] Tools like Weka, developed starting in 1993 at the University of Waikato, provide an open-source workbench for implementing these techniques, supporting classification, clustering, and visualization in Java.^[108] Integration with big data frameworks, such as Hadoop inspired by the 2004 MapReduce model, enables scalable processing of distributed datasets, allowing DM on petabyte-scale volumes across clusters.^[109] Ethical considerations in data mining center on privacy risks, as pattern discovery can inadvertently reveal sensitive information from aggregated data. Regulations like the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), enacted in 2018, mandate transparency in data collection, consumer rights to opt-out of sales, and safeguards against unauthorized use, addressing concerns over re-identification and bias in analytical outputs.^[110] These frameworks highlight the need for anonymization and consent to balance innovation with individual rights, preventing discriminatory outcomes in applications like predictive analytics.^[111]

Sports and recreation

Shooting and marksmanship

In competitive and recreational shooting sports, the Designated Marksman (DM) role has been adapted into specialized classes and matches that emphasize precision at mid-range distances, typically 300 to 800 yards, using semi-automatic rifles. These competitions, often styled after practical or tactical scenarios, test shooters' ability to engage multiple targets quickly and accurately under time constraints, fostering skills in positional shooting and environmental adjustments. Organizations like the Precision Rifle Series (PRS), founded in 2011, support a broader ecosystem of precision rifle events where DM or Designated Marksman Rifle (DMR) divisions appear in affiliated or regional matches, distinguishing them from longer-range bolt-action formats by focusing on faster follow-up shots with gas-operated platforms.^[112]^[113] DMR matches integrate elements of military-style training into civilian contexts, featuring stages with 8 to 12 targets presented in varied positions, such as prone, kneeling, or barricade-supported. Scoring typically combines hits with time penalties; for instance, competitors must achieve a "hit-to-move-on" progression, where each missed or unengaged target incurs a 15-second penalty added to the stage time, with par times around 2 minutes per stage to encourage efficiency. These events, hosted by clubs like the Powder River Sportsmen or in PRS-affiliated challenges such as the Peacemaker PRS DMR Challenge, promote accessibility for intermediate shooters while simulating real-world precision demands without requiring elite-level equipment.^[114]^[115] Equipment for DM in these sports consists of civilian-legal adaptations of military-inspired rifles, such as AR-15 or AR-10 platforms chambered in .223/5.56mm or 6.5 Creedmoor, capable of 1-2 MOA accuracy at 100 yards and equipped with variable-power optics (e.g., 3-18x magnification) for holdovers at extended ranges. Bipods, shooting bags, and 20-30 round magazines enhance stability and reload speed, with total ammunition needs around 200 rounds per match. These configurations remain compliant with U.S. Second Amendment protections, as semi-automatic DMR variants are widely available without special licensing for civilians, bridging tactical utility and recreational use.^[116]^[114]^[117]

Other activities

Dance marathons, often abbreviated as DM, emerged in the United States during the early 1920s as endurance competitions inspired by the era's fascination with physical limits, initially held in public venues to attract crowds and offer cash prizes.^[118] These events involved continuous dancing, sometimes lasting days, and gained widespread popularity amid the Jazz Age and later the Great Depression, providing temporary economic relief for participants through food, shelter, and potential winnings.^[119] By the late 20th century, the format evolved into charitable endeavors, particularly on college campuses, where student-led dance marathons raise funds for pediatric healthcare, with the modern Miracle Network Dance Marathon program launching in 1991 at Indiana University to support children's hospitals.^[120] Today, these charity events typically span 12 to 48 hours, fostering community spirit and awareness, though historical records include extreme durations exceeding 100 hours, such as the 127-hour individual marathon set in 2023.^[121] Community engagement around DM activities includes annual workshops and leadership conferences, like the Miracle Network Dance Marathon's Peer-to-Peer Leadership Conference, which unites student organizers from over 300 North American colleges to share best practices for event planning and fundraising.^[120] These gatherings, held yearly, enhance skills in philanthropy and event coordination while celebrating collective impact for charitable causes.^[120]

Other uses

Communication terms

In communication contexts outside of digital social platforms, "DM" has several established uses related to traditional and legacy systems. Direct mail, abbreviated as DM, is a traditional form of direct marketing that involves sending physical advertising materials—such as letters, postcards, brochures, or catalogs—through postal services to targeted recipients' addresses, often without prior solicitation. This method allows businesses to reach specific demographics based on purchased mailing lists or customer data, emphasizing personalized or promotional content to drive responses like purchases or inquiries. In the United States, direct mail volume, primarily categorized under USPS Marketing Mail, reached approximately 67.1 billion pieces in fiscal year 2022, marking a post-pandemic rebound with a 1.4% increase from the previous year before declining in subsequent years due to shifting digital preferences.^[122] In telecommunications, DM refers to delta modulation, a legacy analog-to-digital conversion technique used in telecommunications for efficient signal encoding, particularly in voice transmission systems during the mid-20th century.^[123]^[124]

Miscellaneous

In ancient Roman funerary inscriptions, the abbreviation D.M. (or D.M.S.) stood for Dis Manibus (or Dis Manibus Sacrum), a dedicatory phrase meaning "to the Manes" or "sacred to the spirits of the dead," invoking the divine shades of deceased ancestors for protection of the tomb.^[125] This formula, common from the 1st century BCE onward, appeared at the start of thousands of epitaphs, evolving from a syntactic dative dedication tied to verbs like fecit ("made") into a standalone idiomatic opener by the Imperial period.^[126] It reflected Roman beliefs in the manes as benevolent yet potentially vengeful underworld entities, ensuring the site's sanctity against desecration.^[127] Document management, abbreviated as DM, encompasses the systematic control of electronic and paper documents' lifecycle, including storage, retrieval, processing, distribution, and secure access to authorized users.^[128] Emerging in the 1980s alongside digital computing, DM addressed the explosion of electronic files like emails, transitioning from paper-based filing cabinets to software-driven systems for efficiency in organizations handling vast unstructured data volumes.^[128] While foundational to broader computing practices, it remains a niche application in non-technical fields for compliance and archival purposes. Adamsite, designated by the military code DM, is an arsenical compound (diphenylaminechlorarsine) developed in 1915 as a non-lethal riot-control agent that induces vomiting, eye irritation, and respiratory distress through aerosol dispersal.^[129] Primarily stockpiled by militaries in the early 20th century but rarely deployed due to its toxicity, DM exemplifies obsolete chemical incapacitants now limited to historical or emergency contexts.^[129] The modern slang "DM," originating from online direct messaging, has spilled over into offline idioms, as in phrases like "DM me later" used verbally to request private contact, blending digital shorthand with everyday speech since the 2010s.^[130]

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Jul 17, 2018 · Planck found dark matter density \Omega_c h^2 = 0.120\pm 0.001, baryon density \Omega_b h^2 = 0.0224\pm 0.0001, and Hubble constant H_0 = (67.4 ...
[92]
[hep-ph/9710467] WIMP and Axion Dark Matter - arXiv
Oct 24, 1997 · The two leading candidates for this dark matter are axions and weakly-interacting massive particles (WIMPs), such as the neutralino in supersymmetric ...
[93]
[1001.1739] The dark matter of gravitational lensing - arXiv
Jan 12, 2010 · We review progress in understanding dark matter by astrophysics, and particularly via the effect of gravitational lensing.
[94]
ATLAS searches for the building blocks of dark matter
Jun 8, 2024 · The new search uses the full dataset recorded by ATLAS during LHC Run 2 (2015-2018) and covers many possible masses of dark pions and dark rhos.Missing: non- | Show results with:non-
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[PDF] SI Brochure - 9th ed./version 3.02 - BIPM
May 20, 2019 · The definitions of the SI units, as decided by the CGPM, represent the highest reference level for measurement traceability to the SI. Metrology ...
[96]
SI prefixes - BIPM
Decimal multiples and submultiples of SI units. Decimal multiples and submultiples of SI units can be written using the SI prefixes listed below: Name, Symbol ...Missing: decimetre | Show results with:decimetre
[97]
The historical evolution of units - Métrologie Française - LNE
The decimal metric system, a revolutionary invention The decimal metric system was introduced on 18 germinal year III (7 April 1795) by the law "on weights and ...
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Origin of the Metric System
Oct 22, 2019 · The French originated the metric system of measurement (now called the International System of Units and abbreviated SI, pronounced “ess-eye”).
[99]
NIST Guide to the SI, Appendix B: Conversion Factors
Feb 1, 2016 · The U.S. Metric Law of 1866 gave the relationship 1 m = 39.37 in (in is the unit symbol for the inch). From 1893 until 1959, the yard was ...
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Why is the decimeter and dekameter not commonly used? Is there ...
Apr 10, 2021 · The centimeter is used a lot for human scale, height, body dimensions, clothing sizes. The liter is defined as 1 dm³ and when computing a ...Why don't people use decimeters nearly as often as centimeters ...Why is the decimetre (decimeter) not a common unit of measurement?More results from www.quora.com
[101]
Cube decimeter - Laboratory equipment - Auxilab
Buy Cube decimeter in Auxilab, the online shop of laboratory equipment at the best price. ... Cube decimeter. New products. Cube decimeter. 22.44 € VAT not ...
[102]
Data mining in clinical big data: the frequently used databases ...
Aug 11, 2021 · Data mining (also known as knowledge discovery in databases) refers to the process of extracting potentially useful information and knowledge ...
[103]
[PDF] Fast Algorithms for Mining Association Rules - VLDB Endowment
This paper presents Apriori and AprioriTid algorithms, which outperform existing ones. A hybrid, AprioriHybrid, is also introduced, scaling well for large ...
[104]
Applications and Competitive Advantages of Data Mining ... - MDPI
This systematic literature review scrutinizes the deployment and efficacy of BI and data mining technologies across SME sectors.
[105]
Data Mining and Applications in Genomics | SpringerLink
It provides a systematic introduction to the use of data mining algorithms as an investigative tool for applications in genomics. Data Mining and Applications ...
[106]
[PDF] The WEKA Data Mining Software: An Update - SIGKDD
In late 2006, WEKA was adopted as the data mining component of the suite and since then has been integrated into the platform. The main point of integration ...
[107]
[PDF] MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters
MapReduce is a programming model and an associ- ated implementation for processing and generating large data sets. Users specify a map function that ...
[108]
[PDF] California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018
Jan 1, 2025 · (1) The categories of personal information to be collected and the purposes for which the categories of personal information are collected ...
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[PDF] The Promise and Pitfalls of Data Mining: Ethical Issues
The paper reviews three major ethical issues that arise in data mining, particularly data mining involving one or more federal statistical data sets, ...
[110]
What Is The Precision Rifle Series? - PrecisionRifleBlog.com
Feb 26, 2024 · The PRS was founded in 2011 and has since grown into one of the premier long-range shooting competitions in the world, with several thousands of ...
[111]
About the Precision Rifle Series
PRS competitors can achieve a classification of either Pro, Semi-Pro, Marksman, or Amateur. Each class consists of a percentage of the total number of ...
[112]
DMR (Designated Marksman Rifle) Matches
DMR matches are semi-automatic precision rifle competitions at mid-range, with 8-12 targets in 2 minutes, using a hit-to-move-on format. Physical demands are ...
[113]
Peacemaker PRS DMR Challenge - Jul 2... - Precision Rifle Series
Mar 29, 2017 · Peacemaker PRS DMR Challenge is a None match that was held on July 29, 2017. 70 competitors competed in this event and Tyler Payne won the ...
[114]
Understanding The DMR Rifle | AR-10s And Other Platforms
Apr 11, 2024 · For a rifle to be considered a DMR, it generally must have a semi-automatic action and have an effective range of 600 to 800 yards.History and Evolution of DMR... · What is a DMR Rifle? · Best Civilian DMR Rifle...
[115]
What is a Designated Marksman Rifle? Understanding the DMR in ...
Early iterations included accurized versions of existing rifles, such as the M14, which was modified to serve in the designated marksman role.Missing: Gulf | Show results with:Gulf
[116]
Dance Marathons of the 1920s and 1930s - HistoryLink.org
Aug 25, 2003 · Dance marathons originated as part of an early-1920s, giddy, jazz-age fad for human endurance competitions such as flagpole sitting and six-day ...
[117]
Dance Marathons - JSTOR Daily
Apr 21, 2022 · The formal idea of a dance marathon emerged in the early 1920s, after a plucky vegetarian New York City dance instructor named Alma Cummings ...
[118]
Miracle Network Dance Marathon | a program of Children's Miracle ...
Annual Peer-to-Peer Leadership Conference Unites Student Leaders and Hospital Advisors to Strengthen Dance Marathon Programs Nationwide ST. LOUIS, Missouri ( ...About Us · Contact Us · Resources · Frequently Asked QuestionsMissing: workshops | Show results with:workshops
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Longest dance marathon by an individual | Guinness World Records
Srushti Sudhir Jagtap (India) achieved the longest dance marathon of 127 hours from May 29 to June 3, 2023, in Latur, India.
[120]
Event Overview - D&D in a Castle
D&D Weekends is a three-day residential retreat with a single Campaign (one Dungeon Master, six Guests, one Host) playing over 20 hours D&D at a Vacation Home.
[121]
U.S. Postal Service Reports Fiscal Year 2022 Results - Newsroom
Nov 10, 2022 · Marketing Mail revenue increased $1.4 billion, or 9.7 percent, on volume growth of 894 million pieces, or 1.4 percent. ... Fiscal Year 2022 ...
[122]
DM Telecom Abbreviation Meaning - All Acronyms
DM Telecom Abbreviation. DM in Telecom often stands for Deutsche Mark, the former currency of Germany, which was replaced by the Euro in 2002.
[123]
Telecommunications Acronyms: Full List - Columbia CS
Jan 30, 1997 · 5 data Bits, 6 transmission Bits; 16-QAM: 16 (points) Quadrature ... DM: Delta Modulation; DMA: Direct Memory Access; DME: Distributed ...
[124]
D - Texting Acronyms - GlobalRPH
Sep 26, 2017 · DM, Doesn't matter. DMI, Don't mention it. DN, Down. DNWI, Down with it. DNBL8, Do not be late. DNC, Does not compute. DND, Do not disturb. DNR ...
[125]
A Roman Marble Funerary Plaque - Alexander Ancient Art
This expression, or its longer variant DMS (Di(i)s Manibus Sacrum) can be found on many Roman graves. It can be translated as "To the spirit-gods of the dead" ...Missing: acronym | Show results with:acronym
[126]
How to parse "Dis Manibus" syntactically? - Latin Stack Exchange
Nov 17, 2017 · Almost everyone who has ever seen a Roman grave inscription has seen the phrase Dis Manibus or its abbreviation DM. It starts almost every Roman ...
[127]
The Archeological Museum of Bergamo – Funerary Epigraph ...
Sep 27, 2020 · Latin: dis manibus; Description: Renders the burial place sacred, protected from profanity by the gods; sort of like in the hands of god. Our ...Missing: source | Show results with:source<|separator|>
[128]
Document Management: Definition, Need & Benefits | TEC
### Definition and Brief History of Document Management (DM)
[129]
Adamsite (DM): Vomiting Agent | NIOSH - CDC
Adamsite (DM) is a vomiting compound that has been used as a riot-control agent (military designation, DM). It is released as an aerosol.
[130]
DM Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
Oct 29, 2025 · The meaning of DM is a private message sent on social media to a specific individual or group. How to use DM in a sentence.

DM